What is a carriage in construction? What is a carriage: the secrets of Norwegian technology and the characteristics of quality material

It is customary to call a carriage a log that is famous for its unusual log line and is used as a support for a weapon barrel. The peculiarities of their design were caused by the conditions in which they are used, and such are artillery ones.

Quite often, logs called carriages are used in construction. You can see what such logs look like and read about their advantages there. But you can learn about the main characteristics of these logs from the article.

How to make a carriage

The technology for making the carriage was invented in Norway about 15 years ago, which is why it was nicknamed Norwegian. A log suitable for use as a support is created in several stages:

First, the sidewalls are cut from the log.
Then the bark is removed from the previously formed log house.
After this, the log houses are given a semi-oval shape.

The resulting logs become smooth to the touch, so they do not require additional processing and create good conditions to fasten them together. This technology has gained particular popularity due to its naturalness and ease.

Additional advantages and disadvantages

The carriage is an extremely popular building material also because it gives the rebuilt structure a number of advantages:

Warm. The structure, built from a gun carriage, is distinguished by its amazing insulating properties due to the minimal number of gaps between the logs.
Extra space. Due to the fact that the walls of the structure become flat, much more space appears inside it than if it were built from the same round logs.
Strength. Structures made from carriages are almost not subject to deformation, and this makes them unusually durable.
External characteristics. Houses made from gun carriages look very natural and natural, and this is now in trend.
Environmental friendliness. The carriage is a breathable material, so it not only provides comfort in the room built from it, but also completely eliminates the risk of allergic manifestations.

But one of the disadvantages of the material is its natural humidity. This characteristic does not have a very good effect on the performance properties of the material. But if we take into account that carriages are a fairly malleable material in terms of processing, then they can be called almost ideal for use in construction.

Today it is becoming popular to build houses from a carriage, which is a double-edged beam: perfectly processed pine logs with a diameter of 330-350 mm, from which walls and internal partitions are made. The finished material is chopped logs from 300 to 500 mm in diameter, they are ground on two opposite sides to 180-280 mm. Houses made from gun carriages are warm, functional, and have an attractive appearance, do not require additional finishing with clapboard, siding and other decorative materials. Newfangled houses are made according to Norwegian technology, which is based on a special Norwegian cutting. Let's take a closer look at what a carriage is, a Norwegian cabin and the features of its implementation.

A house made from a gun carriage is warm, functional, beautiful, and does not require finishing with clapboard or other decorative materials.

Technology and features of cutting in Norwegian

Technology Norwegian cutting involves preparing a carriage for a log house and laying it down. The log house is the basis of a log house. The log house consists of logs that are stacked horizontally on top of each other, forming crowns. The length of the logs is from 6 m. For good joining of the elements forming the wall, a groove is made on the log located on top, into which the inter-crown insulation is laid. At the corners, the logs are connected with special notches, called locks. The locks have a wedge-shaped profile. The log house is built from wood that has natural moisture. According to Norwegian technology, the material dries in a log house. After construction, the log house is dried, kept for a certain period of time, and then dismantled. The logs are laid with the connection of unsurpassed Norwegian locks, which, when the fire monitor shrinks, self-seal under the force of their mass. When self-sealing, the carriage cannot rotate. The density of the lock depends on the shrinkage: the greater it is, the stronger the lock. It is the most reliable in Norwegian housing construction.

When constructing houses with a Norwegian castle, the material is checked for damage and is selected according to technical specifications and standards. The lumber that has passed the inspection is cleared of bark, the trunks are treated with an environmentally friendly antiseptic based on resins and turpentine, the ends and areas with a violation of the fibrous structure of the tree (cuts, grooves) are treated with special care, then the logs are sorted by length and shape, while precise measurements are taken, All kinds of growths, protrusions, and defects are removed. Then the material arrives at the construction site, where the cutting of the log house begins.

The structure is cut to its natural size. After the cutting process is completed, all logs are marked according to the assembly drawings. The log house is dismantled, the material is loaded onto transport and delivered to the assembly site, and installed on the foundation. During installation, gelling is carried out, the installation of special pins (dowels, wooden nails made of hardwood), which are installed (placed) inside the beams. Dowels prevent movement of the outer elements during the process, maintaining the vertical position of the wood walls. Then the installation of the roof, windows and doors, painting of the house, engineering work, finishing, and landscaping of the surrounding areas are carried out.

Distinctive features of houses made from gun carriages

In the manufacture of gun carriages and the construction of gun carriage houses, the following are used:

band sawmill with electronic and hydraulic systems;
compasses with built-in levels;
impact drill;
chainsaw;
Norwegian axes of a specific shape;
plane;
machine;
adze;
truck crane;
cargo equipment;
lifting equipment;
transport.

Modern sawmills have the ability to work with materials up to 11 m in length, which is very important when constructing houses with long walls. The flat and smooth surface of the material allows you to save on finishing, since the carriage, processed to an ideal state, does not need plating.

Type of connection of logs into a “Norwegian castle”

When considering in detail the question of what a carriage is, one cannot help but touch upon its advantages and disadvantages. How to use the carriage building material has many advantages when building houses. The walls inside and outside the building are flat. After grinding, they acquire a smooth surface and do not require additional finishing. Walls make it possible to easily install wires, cables and pipes. The usable area of the house increases, furniture, wall and wall cabinets and other structures fit perfectly into the interior, decorative elements, while wooden frame makes it possible to make maximum use of the internal space. Thanks to the use of a Norwegian castle fire monitor houses strong, durable, warm.

The carriage is made of pine and larch, which are characterized by resistance to rotting. Moisture is prevented from entering the log house. Advantage wooden house is the ease of construction of unplanned window and doorways, healthy internal microclimate due to the use of environmentally friendly materials, low humidity and good ventilation. The thickness of the carriage walls reaches 200 mm, does not require insulation, the walls are characterized by good sound and heat insulation, the “Norwegian lock” connection ensures the reliability and rigidity of the structure. The disadvantages of houses made from gun carriages include the removal during processing of the top layer of wood, which is the strongest, the material has cracks and breaks in the wood structure on narrow surfaces, and the length of time the timber subsides to gain structural strength.

The use of a carriage in construction makes it possible to build a beautiful, reliable, practical, warm home with an excellent indoor climate.

It is well known that Rus' has long been famous for the power of traditions wooden house construction, however, this is not the only state where wooden buildings have historically been preferred. For example, the traditions of Norway, where their own construction technology was invented wooden houses made of double-edged timber, are in no way inferior to Russian technologies, and in a number of parameters even surpasses them. This becomes especially noticeable when combining a double-edged timber, also called a carriage, and a special “Norwegian lock” - a special smooth angled wedge-shaped connection that compacts over time and prevents the penetration of wind and water. Thus, having carefully studied this technology, experts came to the conclusion that with increasing shrinkage of the log house, the strength and reliability of the fastening increases. Initially, the carriage was considered not only a log, but also a special style manual cutting, which developed in Scandinavia in ancient times and still remains one of the most beloved in Norway, Finland and Sweden. Initially, the construction of houses from gun carriages was developed as a means of reducing the cost of a log house without compromising the thickness of the log and, as a result, the warmth of the house. The solution was so simple and, at the same time, original that it was soon borrowed by neighboring countries, and then spread throughout the world. Its essence was that a pine log was cut on both sides, and the resulting cut was used to arrange the roof and floors. Purpose this decision was the use of the entire array during operation and the abandonment of additional materials, since manufacturing truss structure And internal partitions was also carried out from a gun carriage. In this article we will look at the main advantages and technology of building houses from gun carriages - the most advantageous Norwegian alternative to traditional Russian buildings made from round logs.

Houses made from gun carriages - a technology proven over centuries

Everything new is well forgotten old, and the construction of wooden houses is no exception. Despite the fact that the history of this technology goes back hundreds of years, this trend, forgotten for several hundred years, is on the verge of its “second youth.” Industrial development contributes to the fact that many well-known technologies are used in the construction of wooden houses, including profiled timber, rounded logs, and frame construction. However, none of them can be characterized as “tested over the centuries.” As for technologies that have been proven over the centuries, one of them is construction technology one-story houses from the gun carriage.

A carriage, also called a double-edged beam, is a log processed by hand cutting so that it takes on a semi-oval shape in which two mutually parallel planes intersect. In other words, the technology for processing logs in this way involves obtaining logs that are cut on both sides so that it acquires two flat surfaces. Cedar or pine logs are used to make the carriage.

Carriage humidity levels: dry and wet carriage

Construction technology Norwegian houses involves the use of both wet and dry carriages, however, the most optimal material is the last one. Houses built from dry fire carriages are characterized by reliability, high strength and the absence of through cracks, which allows you to build an environmentally friendly house that will retain heat even on the coasts blown by cold winds, which was the usual habitat for the freedom-loving Vikings who chose houses from the gun carriage. Despite the impressive thickness and weight of the carriage, it can easily be dried in specialized drying chambers, where they acquire an optimal moisture content not exceeding 18-22%.

Wet carriage, the humidity level of which is 35-55%, can also be used for the construction of Norwegian houses from carriage, but they must undergo long-term natural drying and shrinkage, which postpones the time for putting the building into operation for some time. In most cases, these processes take place within one to two years. To surely convince you of the advisability of using a dry gun carriage, let’s consider its main advantages.

Advantages of a dry carriage:

In the process of comparing the shrinkage periods of houses built from dry and wet carriage, experts came to the conclusion that the natural shrinkage of houses built from gun carriages, characterized high humidity, takes three times longer;
If, before building a house, the material used is dried in specialized drying chambers, the number of cracks that appear during operation is significantly minimized;
Dry gun carriage wood, unlike wet material, characterized by more high quality. This is due to the fact that during the heat treatment all potentially destructive microorganisms, including mold and bacteria, die. This significantly improves the quality of the material;
To build a house from a timber carriage, it will take half as much time as when erecting a building from a wet carriage.
As for the disadvantages of a dry carriage, its only disadvantage is its high cost compared to wet material.

Houses made from gun carriages photo

Important! During the operation of a log house made from a gun carriage, the moisture level of the wood is regulated. This parameter does not depend on weather conditions and reflects the processes of self-regulation and stabilization of humidity levels.

Log houses are a classic version of Scandinavian timber construction. The carriage is a special material representing a log, which is characterized by the presence of hewn side surfaces, the so-called cheeks. Despite the fact that houses made from gun carriages retain all the advantages of the classic log house made of a round log, it will be almost flat on the outside and inside. This ensures a tighter fit of the logs to each other and increases the thermal insulation characteristics of the building.

Chamber drying of carriages: pros and cons

Forced drying is one of the main components of the woodworking industry. It is equally often used for both boards and timber, however, drying round wood is a much more complex process (in most cases this applies to wood with a diameter of 28-30 cm). The most common type of chamber dryers are convection-type designs, a significant disadvantage of which is considered to be deformation of the logs and the appearance of cracks. Despite the fact that they are constantly being developed innovative technologies forest drying, such as microwave drying, vacuum pulse drying and others, it is still one of the most difficult tasks.

However, if we talk about half-beams - a carriage used in the construction of houses using Norwegian technology, in this case the situation is different. Due to its smaller diameter, it is easy to dry. At the same time, it is not at all necessary to dry it to furniture humidity not exceeding 8%, since this is quite expensive and impractical. It will be enough to dry the carriage to 18-22%. Once the specified moisture level is reached, most of the bound and virtually all of the free moisture is removed from the wood. Despite the fact that drying a carriage is a completely accessible process, it is much more labor-intensive than drying a board. This is due to the characteristics of the material, which do not allow the use of a hard drying mode, as this will lead to cracking of the wood. If you use a mode that is too soft, a different picture will be observed - upon exiting the drying chamber, the moisture content of the wood will remain at high level. A feature of drying that will lead to optimal moisture content of the carriage is the short stay of the material in drying chamber, which leads to drying of the surface layers of wood, while the core remains wet. The use of wood with natural moisture is an essential condition for the technology of building houses from gun carriages, since the material dries directly in the log house.

Important! The ideal building material for constructing houses using Norwegian technology is northern forest, which provides maximum thermal insulation characteristics of the building. In Russia, such material is considered to be Karelian and Arkhangelsk wood, as well as wood from other northern regions characterized by cold, long winters. Wood from Finland is no less in demand.

Projects of Norwegian houses from gun carriages

Design features of houses made from gun carriages

Distinctive feature Norwegian log house is a specific method of attaching logs, which is called the “Norwegian castle”. The relatively small spread of this technique is due to the fact that the technological features of this method are difficult to describe in words, as well as to learn it from books. In order for this connection to meet all the requirements for it, it is necessary to carry out a long and careful adjustment of the structural elements. What is the reason for this complication of cutting? According to experts, it pursues five main goals, the essence of which will be outlined below.

Due to the fact that this method implies more cut corners, this indicates its high reliability;

Between two adjacent structural elements, the contact area increases, and accordingly the friction force increases;
This technique involves a bevel angle, which determines the effect of gravitational force on structural elements. This helps distribute the load inside the ligament, making it stronger and denser. In this regard, it is possible to draw conclusions about the direction of the load to strengthen the connection between the crowns;
Due to the fact that this technology eliminates foreign fastening elements, there are no points of excess stress, which contributes to an even distribution of the load through the tree, which is characterized by relative softness;
This method of fastening is characterized by the presence of a multi-plane interface and stepped differences that help block or at least significantly reduce drafts.

After analyzing these data, we can come to the conclusion that such a multidisciplinary approach to building houses using the “Norwegian castle” method can be fully explained by the operational characteristics of the building, which can be erected by skillfully combining reason and technology.

Advantages of wooden houses made of carriages

The high thermal insulation characteristics of the carriage determine its competitive relationship with laminated veneer lumber. At the same time, despite the use of even imported material, it costs almost twice as much. In addition, the environmental characteristics of a structure built from laminated veneer lumber are in many ways inferior to those of Norwegian houses made from gun carriages. Let's consider the main advantages of one-story houses made of gun carriages, thanks to which they became popular in Russia.

Thermal insulation characteristics- one of the main advantages Norwegian log cabins, the assembly technology of which involves reducing heat loss. This is due to the characteristics of the material (the use of round logs with a diameter of 28 to 60 cm), which helps to reduce the number of crowns per unit height of the structure, the number of which does not exceed 8-12 for one floor. Moreover, unlike the traditional Russian log house, which is characterized by a decrease in wall thickness at the joints of the logs, the Norwegian log house is characterized by a uniform wall thickness of at least 20 cm.

Important! If we talk about the thermal insulation characteristics of a house with brick walls, its thermal conductivity cannot compete with this indicator for wood. For example, the thermal conductivity of perforated brick is 0.63 W/mK, while the thermal conductivity of wood does not exceed 0.15 W/mK. Thus, if we compare brick house with a wall thickness of 1 meter, and a Norwegian log house, the wall thickness of which is 20-25 cm, they will be characterized by the same thermal conductivity;

Availability of additional living space, which appears due to the hewn part of the logs acquiring a flat surface. Moreover, the increase in the internal volume of the structure is facilitated by the small diameter of the carriage - no more than 20 cm. This distinguishes houses from carriages, the projects of which are presented in this article, from bulky log walls that steal a significant amount of living space. At the same time, in terms of thermal protection, a 20-centimeter carriage is not inferior to 30-centimeter log walls made of round logs;
Features of assembling houses from gun carriages require careful selection of building materials, which undergoes multi-stage processing, combining the use of the most modern equipment and manual labor. If the side surfaces of logs are trimmed at a sawmill, then it is only planed manually. This guarantees maximum even and smooth wall surfaces, which significantly simplifies and minimizes interior decoration;
The complex system of connecting the crowns ensures the absolute immunity of houses made from carriages from deformation. The features of the “Norwegian lock” ensure reliable fixation of the logs in the nests, as a result of which they do not change their position. In addition, due to the unique design of the “Norwegian castle”, the shrinkage of the structure and the shrinkage of the wood contributes to even greater self-jamming of the frame crowns under the weight of its own weight. This system guarantees an absolute absence of cracks and 100% thermal protection;

Long service life buildings provided by the design features of the building. The roof and walls of a house made of gun carriages are a single whole, that is, the wall is a continuation of the roof, which is so dense that it allows the walls of the building to be securely fastened together;
High aesthetic characteristics. Carriage is recognized as an ideal material for those who are true connoisseurs of beauty and environmental friendliness natural wood. Buildings made from gun carriages are characterized by an ideal appearance and are rightfully considered the pride of their owner. Due to the fact that Norwegian houses look solid and reliable, they are enjoying growing popularity among consumers everywhere. At the same time, the owner of a house made from a gun carriage does not have to worry that the structure will lose its thermal insulation characteristics;
Savings on construction and finishing materials - another advantage of houses made of gun carriages. Unlike a log house, in order to build a reliable house from a carriage, you will need fewer elements. Moreover, the carriage construction makes it possible to avoid additional insulation and sound insulation, since they are obviously at a high level. No need for external and interior decoration walls with clapboard or block house, which also helps reduce construction costs.

Important! One of the interesting varieties of buildings made from carriages are houses made from semi-carriages - logs that are hemmed together on only one side ( inner side buildings). The use of such material will not only facilitate the process of finishing the house, but will also allow you to create original interior dwellings. The appearance of the building from the outside will resemble a traditional one log house, whereas hewn inner surface logs will contribute to the expansion of useful living space, which makes such a structure twice as profitable.

How to build a house from a gun carriage: assembly features

Having familiarized yourself with the projects of Norwegian fire carriage houses and assessed the size of the construction budget, you can safely begin the process of building a house. In the process of constructing such buildings, northern pine is used - an accessible and relatively inexpensive building material. If the trunk diameter is 28-36 cm, then after processing the diameter of the finished material will be 21-22 cm.

Important! Regarding pre-treatment, then it includes the following steps:

Manufacturing a carriage using specialized equipment;

Sharpening a log and then applying markings on it, which should only be done experienced craftsman, since the quality of connecting logs and subsequent performance characteristics buildings.

Subsequent stages of work:

Having marked the log with a line, which is performed by a carpenter using special tools, it is necessary to cut out the lock - Norwegian bowl. This stage of work is quite complex and delicate and must be carried out with certain experience;
Using a line, mark a longitudinal groove, which is selected using an adze - an ax characterized by a special shape;
Next, grind the joints, which is necessary in order to ensure maximum density and smoothness of the joints;
The final stage of preparing the building material is treating it with an antiseptic. For this purpose, specialized compounds are used that have antiseptic characteristics and prevent rotting of the wood and the appearance of mold stains on it.
Having prepared the material, they begin to construct the building. The basis of the structure is a strip-type foundation, which is a monolithic concrete base. Before you begin assembling the house, they lay it on the foundation. waterproofing layer, preventing damage to the lower crowns.
After this, the building is assembled, which takes quite a long time, since it requires the most durable fit of parts, guaranteeing an accurate connection of the elements of the house. In door and window openings select a groove, the width of which is 50 mm, which must be inserted into the guide beam, which is the basis for fastening the window frames and door block. This helps to preserve the doors and windows during the shrinkage of the log house - after that they will “fall” into place, dry completely and be tightly pressed to the logs, which guarantees the absence of cracks.

In order to install the ceiling, use wooden beams, characterized by a section size of 150x200 mm. To give the interior of the house an original appearance, in most cases the ceiling is left open.

As for finishing a Norwegian house from a gun carriage, it can be done using various stylistic solutions. In most cases, craftsmen recommend giving preference to the classic option, which involves treating the walls with translucent protective compounds that preserve them natural beauty. The use of various colors is also encouraged, since treatment with various paints and varnishes will not only increase the degree of protection of the building, but also make it as attractive as possible.

In conclusion, we note that houses made from gun carriages are one of the most reliable construction options that will become best choice in regions with cold climates. The unique technology of connecting logs allows the construction of reliable structures whose service life exceeds tens and hundreds of years. The growing popularity of such houses in Norway and the northern regions of Russia once again proves this.

In the Scandinavian countries, a special technology of Norwegian logging was invented. Its main feature is that jamming of the most complex locks of a log house occurs independently under the own weight of the material. Of course, when making a classic Russian log house, the locks also jam themselves after the wood has dried, but the Norwegians do not use round timber, but a frame made from a gun carriage. This is perfectly planed lumber of a special oval shape. The opposite sides of the carriage have a flat, straight surface.

Material characteristics

Very often, builders call the carriage a double-edged beam or half-beam. The corner connection of such elements is made in a special way and is called a “Norwegian lock”. It is distinguished by its ability to not let air from outside into the house at all.

To make a Norwegian log house, cedar, pine or oak wood is used. Logs of natural moisture with a diameter of 33-60 cm are ideal. In this case, the minimum permissible diameter of the workpiece can be 28 cm.

To protect products from cracks, longitudinal cuts are made on them even at the drying stage. At the end of the stage of constructing the box and drying the wood, which can take from 4 to 5 years, the shrinkage of a one- or two-story structure can reach 5-15 cm.

The carriage can be made by hand, but since it is very difficult to cut the sides of the log evenly, it is better to order the production of the material on a sawmill. After removing the sidewalls, the bark on each log is cut off. Debarking is done manually using an electric planer. The double-edged timber, prepared for cutting locks, has a white tint and a thickness of 20-22 cm. Its height is 28-40 cm.

Important: the slab removed during cutting is not sent to waste. It is used for arranging subfloors and roof structures.

Advantages and disadvantages of mounting from a carriage

Norwegian cutting has several undeniable advantages:

The thermal conductivity of the material is the lowest. The complexity of the Norwegian castle makes it the warmest connection known. For general tightness and thermal insulation of the house positive influence has a minimum number of joints and connections between elements. So, if we take into account the height of the carriage and the fact that it is laid not flat, but on an edge, then we can understand that to obtain a wall 1 m high, 10-12 crown elements are sufficient.
The thickness of the wall is the same along the entire plane of the enclosing structures. Such a wall provides optimal heat and sound insulation of the house. By technical specifications log houses made using Norwegian technology with a thickness of 20 cm are equivalent to brickwork 35-40 cm thick. The thing is that the thermal conductivity of wood is 0.15 W/mK, and the same figure for hollow brick is 0.63.
Carriage walls do not require additional insulation, which allows you to save on materials and construction. Wood elements only require periodic treatment with antiseptic compounds and fire retardant treatment. You can also paint it to protect the façade. No indoor or outdoor finishing works is not necessary due to the aesthetic appeal of the material.
Since the surface of the walls is smooth and even, usable area the room is not reduced, as is the case with the use of round timber. Houses made from log carriages are easy to design, and the laying engineering communications within the walls will not be difficult. It is convenient to hang cabinets and shelves on a flat wall surface. In the room you can install any furniture close to the walls.
Another advantage of Norwegian technology is the reliability of the house. All structures of the building are as stable and durable as possible. During the drying process, there is virtually no deformation of the walls. The whole point is that wedged in locks under own weight the elements cannot rotate at all. It is very difficult to destroy such a building, because the walls and gables are a single whole. And instead of rafters, slabs are used - large-sized elements that connect opposite gables.
The environmental friendliness of the building is an equally important advantage. In comparison with laminated veneer lumber, a log house made from a gun carriage is made without the use of any adhesive compositions and other hazardous chemicals.
Durability. The long service life of a house made from a carriage is due not only to the strength of the material, but also to the arrangement of a suitable foundation, taking into account the level groundwater. In addition, for long-term operation of such a house, it is very important not to neglect the systematic treatment of wood with protective compounds.
Wood houses can be built even in winter period, because winter preparations have lower humidity, are less susceptible to shrinkage, damage by insects and fungi.
Houses made of wood have a special favorable microclimate, which is formed due to the natural circulation of air in the material.

But, like any building material, the carriage has its drawbacks, which are worth mentioning:

The process of constructing a Norwegian log house is quite lengthy and labor-intensive. This is due to the complexity of making a Norwegian castle. However, if you order the production of a house kit from the appropriate company, the assembly process will be significantly simplified and accelerated, because all elements will be numbered according to the attached assembly diagram. To ensure that you do not have problems with fitting the elements, the manufacturer performs a trial assembly at the factory and eliminates all possible defects.
Carriage, like any other wood material, susceptible to negative influences environment. It can be spoiled by insects, microorganisms, sunlight, moisture, wind, etc. However, it is within your power to protect the material from any negative impacts. It is enough just to regularly (once every 3-4 years) treat the walls with special protective compounds.
Wood is susceptible to fire. To increase the fire safety of the material, it must be treated with fire retardants.
Even a house made from a gun carriage is subject to the process of natural shrinkage of wood, so once every 4-6 years it is necessary to caulk the walls.
A characteristic drawback of the carriage is the appearance of cracks on the side surfaces. Although this in no way affects the thermal insulation characteristics of the material, many developers and designers do not like cracks for aesthetic reasons. And some owners of such houses, on the contrary, believe that small cracks only decorate the building, emphasizing the naturalness of the material.

Features of a Norwegian castle

The corner connection when laying the carriage is a bit like the corner frame in the classic Russian log house, called “in the oblo”. That is, there are protruding ends and remnants. The difference is that in a Russian log house the bowls are semicircular in shape, while in a Norwegian castle there is a hidden wedge or spike. It is inserted into a groove on the lower crown, and in the upper part the lock resembles a saddle.

In the Russian method, when performing corner connections a semicircular groove or bowl is cut out in the upper part. This is where the inter-crown insulation is placed, since this groove is not completely protected from blowing and moisture penetration. In a Norwegian castle, such shortcomings are completely absent, therefore inter-crown insulation is not needed. A hidden spike located at the bottom of the crown acts as a barrier to wind and moisture.

Assembly sequence

Before assembly, the carriage must go through two preparatory stages:

it is necessary to cut out grooves and bowls in the elements;
You also need to pre-drill holes for the dowels.

Initially, rough cutting of the bowls is done. Typically a chainsaw is used for this. To perform precise markings, use a hydraulic level. The roughing cup must correspond to the cross-sectional profile of the lower transverse crown element. Before finishing cutting and marking, the crowns must be marked and adjusted.

Important: all grooves are selected manually using a straight ax and adze. To make the task a little easier, you can make longitudinal cuts with a chainsaw before doing this.

To drill holes for the dowels, use a drill with a diameter of 3 cm. All holes are placed in a checkerboard pattern. The dowel should fit 15 cm into the lower crown. The pitch of the dowels is 2 m.

First, the frame is assembled without using dowels. After checking and eliminating defects, major assembly is carried out on the foundation. Under the first crown, lay a backing board 6 cm thick, passed antiseptic treatment. It is more convenient to use a truck crane to assemble the crowns. To adjust the upper crowns you will need scaffolding. During the assembly process, you should immediately cut out the window and doorways and install an end board in them.

Advice: to avoid disturbing the geometry of the log house, it is worth using compensators for all vertical elements of the building.

Roof

The installation of the gables follows the same sequence as the assembly of the walls. A ridge beam is fixed into the installed gables. For this purpose, cutting is done. Similarly, slabs are installed in the notches in the crowns of the pediment. The final stage will be filing the ends of the gable part, taking into account the slope of the roof.

Important: the roof for a house made from a carriage can be anything. It is important to thoroughly insulate this structural part of the house.

Door and window openings

Installation of window and door frames It’s best to do it a few months after the walls of the house are built. During this time, the structure will shrink. If you install windows and doors immediately after the construction of a log house, then in an unventilated room under the influence sun rays There will be uneven shrinkage.

Finishing work

After completion of construction, the walls should be thoroughly sanded. After this, the surface is coated with special impregnations based on beeswax. It is important not to rush to paint or varnish the walls, because the moisture content of the wood can be 12-14%. If the material does not dry out sufficiently, then due to the high moisture content, the shade and properties of the applied compositions may change.

In the rooms where finishing will be done ceramic tiles, the walls must first be covered with moisture-resistant sheets of plasterboard. The gypsum board must be mounted on a frame, the guides of which are fixed to movable brackets.

The outer surface of the walls can be coated special composition based on linseed oil. There is no need to additionally putty or caulk cracks.

As is known, construction own home is a very responsible and labor-intensive process, and choosing the appropriate material is a primary and difficult task. Which material should you prefer? Wooden houses have been popular for decades, and there are reasons for this. Cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, aesthetic appearance and many other advantages are increasingly attracting the interest of future homeowners. As for the choice of material, lately The carriage rightfully occupies worthy competition.

What is it? What are the advantages, what are the manufacturing technologies of this material and what does it actually represent? This is what will be discussed in this article.

Construction of houses from gun carriages

The use of a carriage is a relatively recent trend in the creation of residential premises made of wood, but despite its little-known nature, all larger number professionals and simply future homeowners prefer this material, because the carriage is not only a special material, but also a style that came to Russia about 10-15 years ago from the countries of Scandinavia and Northern Europe.

Concept

So, the gun carriage. logs that differ from the traditional and familiar to the Russian population log house square shape with rounded corners. This technology for processing logs appeared during the search for options to reduce the cost of building a wooden house. Once on the territory of Russia and other post-Soviet countries, the carriage became a very strong competitor ordinary log house, since its cost is much lower, and its thermal insulation qualities are in no way inferior to conventional round logs. This innovation confidently competed with traditional solutions and is successfully used to this day.

Scope of use

Now, having understood the concept of a carriage and what it is, we can begin to review the use cases of this material. And it must be said that it is used very widely.

Making a carriage as a building material is very important, because it fits.
for the construction of country houses and cottages. However, this material is perfect for the construction of baths and saunas, various outbuildings and other vital facilities. In principle, houses made from gun carriages can be used for a wide variety of purposes. It is perfect for creating country boarding houses and health-improving complexes, for buildings at dachas and in the private sector.

Manufacturing Features

The technology for manufacturing the carriage, as already mentioned, appeared in Russia, quite recently - about 15 years ago. How to make a gun carriage? This log manufacturing technology is also called “Norwegian” because of the country of origin. First, the side parts of the logs are cut off, and then the bark is removed from the remaining rounded sides. After this, the entire log is planed by hand and grooves are cut out.
All distinctive feature such a log house is an unusual form of logs. They have a semi-oval shape with flat sides, which allows you to make the walls of the house smooth and do not require additional processing. This shape of the logs also allows them to better adhere to each other, eliminating the possibility of cracks.
In a word, this technology has become very popular in Russia due to its efficiency and ease of working with ready-made logs. And it is undoubtedly appreciated by professionals in this field.

Expenses

Deciding to build wooden house, you always need to consider several important nuances. For those who prefer to entrust the work to specialists, best option- order a ready-made carriage.

This will cost approximately 9.5 thousand rubles per cubic meter (depending on the type of wood and the cost of work). But for those who are used to doing the work on their own, there is a great opportunity to save money: buy a round log house and make a carriage with your own hands. This will save from 3 to 5 thousand rubles per cubic meter, which is, of course, an important argument. You will, of course, spend more time, but later you can be proud that you did everything yourself. Speaking of overall costs, in comparison with other standard materials, the carriage is undoubtedly a leader in convenience and savings, and is also not inferior in terms of external data.

Advantages of the carriage as a building material

So, we figured out the concept of carriage. We found out what it is, and also studied the technology of its manufacture. Now we can consider the immediate advantages of this material in construction.

In general, the carriage has quite positive reviews. Let's take a closer look at all the advantages of this building material.

Warm

One of the main advantages of houses made from gun carriages is its level of thermal insulation. A house wall 20 centimeters thick will protect you from the cold no worse than a 30-centimeter round log house. Accordingly, this house will be warm and cozy, and the most dense and durable connection of logs will ensure reliable protection from the cracks.

Simplicity

Since the walls of a house built from a gun carriage are smooth and flat, you do not have to additionally cover them from the inside with clapboard or other material, which significantly saves time and money required for construction.

Living space

Providing spaciousness and immediate living space is a significant factor influencing the choice of material. What are the advantages of the carriage in this case? Due to the fact that the walls of such a house are flat, the usable area of the house increases significantly compared to round logs. At the same time, such walls make it possible to lay wiring, sewerage, water supply, gas, and so on without much effort.

Reliability

In practice, it has been proven that houses made from gun carriages are practically not susceptible to deformation, since a special fixation system connects the logs virtually tightly.

Design

What is important for a residential building is its beauty. Simplicity combined with picturesqueness and charm will not leave true connoisseurs of beauty indifferent.

Environmental friendliness

If you really decide to immerse yourself completely in nature, breathe fresh air and surround yourself and your family with only the purest and most natural materials, a carriage house is ideal for you. After all, a tree is natural material, capable of providing comfort. The walls of such a house will not cause allergic or other negative reactions.

Disadvantages of the material

The only drawback of fire monitor houses, like any other wooden buildings, is that in the process of heating a house, walls built from material with natural moisture may crack. But this problem is easily solved if you use a dry gun carriage to build such a dwelling.

Conclusion

Having analyzed the manufacturing technology, as well as weighed all the advantages and disadvantages of fire monitor houses, everyone, of course, makes their own decision. However, remember that in modern life, filled with stone buildings and city smog, there is so much lack of something natural and natural.

Perhaps it's time to think about building a cozy country house that will warm your whole family and fill your life with the magical aromas of nature.