Diameter of PVC sewer pipes: choosing and installing pipes with your own hands. Sewer plastic pipes: dimensions, characteristics, installation features Standard sizes of sewer pipes

Until now, not all users understand the difference between the designations of pipe diameters.

1. D is the outer diameter of the pipe. This size is required for selecting sockets, couplings, corners, threaded connections and other installation and connecting water supply fittings. It is this that is indicated on the labeling; it will help you to focus on it when compiling a list of elements of the sewer system.
2. d – internal diameter pipes. The dimensions of internal shut-off automatic and semi-automatic valves are tied to it, and the speed of movement of fluid flows is calculated. The wall thickness of sewer pipes is determined by the difference between the external and internal diameters. The internal diameter can be calculated using the formula d = D - 2S. S—wall thickness.
3. D y – nominal diameter. The value is used primarily by specialists, for ordinary consumers this parameter is not decisive, many have not heard of it at all.

Domestic systems for the supply of water, heat and sewage disposal are in most cases installed on the basis of plastic pipes. Polypropylene pipes are considered the most common and universal. For correct installation pipeline and its operation, you need to know what diameters there are plastic pipes, and what they are intended for.

Purpose and characteristics of plastic pipes

To designate polypropylene pipe products in the international format, two letters are used - PP. This material is produced chemical industry, thermoplastic polymers are used for its manufacture.

The specified pipe products are produced according to a certain standard, which regulates the sizes of plastic pipes and their characteristics.

As an example, here are some data and their corresponding standards:

• The density of the material according to GOST 15139 is 0.9 g/cm 3 .
• The melting point, determined by GOST 21553, reaches 149 0 C.
• The elongation of the material upon reaching the yield strength in accordance with GOST 11262 is about 50%.
• Tensile strength is regulated by GOST 11262, and can have a value of 34-35 N/mm 2.
• The coefficient of linear expansion according to GOST 15173 is 0.15 mm/m 0 C.

Pipe diameter

Most important characteristic is the diameter of plastic pipes. The following types of this parameter are distinguished:

• Outer diameter section.
• Internal diametrical section.

Internal and external section of polypropylene pipe

Communication systems for water supply, heating and internal sewerage are laid using small-diameter plastic pipes. In this case, the minimum value can be 16 mm, and the maximum - 50 mm.

Pipe products with large diameters are used when laying pipelines supplying drinking water and discharging sewage in the housing and communal services sector.

Types of polypropylene pipes depending on the scope of use

Polypropylene pipes are produced in only three names: PN10, PN20, PN25. However, they are enough for complete replacement technologically outdated metal analogues.

Despite the thinness of the PN10 pipe, its service life is about half a century. The main application is cold water supply and heating systems, including underfloor heating systems (read: " "). Small-diameter PVC pipes can also be used in the construction of storm and sewerage systems. The external diameter ranges from 20 to 110 millimeters, the internal diameter ranges from 16 to 90 millimeters.

A pipe marked PN20 can function flawlessly for 25 years. Due to the larger wall thickness, about 18.4 mm, the product can have external parameters similar to PN10, but at the same time have a smaller internal diameter. This makes it possible to use these tubular products in systems with internal operating pressure up to 2 MPa. PN20 pipes are quite suitable for installing full-fledged heating systems. This became possible due to the product’s resistance to exposure high temperatures, up to 90 0 C. For comparison, we can say that a PN10 pipe can function normally at a temperature of no more than 45 0 C.

In the manufacture of PN25 pipes, additional reinforcement of the products with aluminum film or fiberglass is used. The operating period largely depends on the pressure and temperature of the working environment.

The following indicators are considered the main characteristics of pipe products of this type:

• Carrier pressure no more than 2.5 MPa.
• The outer diameter ranges from 21 to 80 millimeters.
• The internal cross-section ranges from 13 to 50 millimeters.
• Wall thickness can vary from 4 to 13.4 millimeters.

The price of a plastic pipe is determined by the listed characteristics.

Pros and cons of polyethylene pipes

WITH positive side New generation pipes are characterized by the following properties:

• Compliance with environmental regulations.
• Long service life, about half a century.
• Resistance to freezing of the working environment and its further thawing. This property is explained by the ability polypropylene pipes expand and return to its original shape without deforming the shell.
• Fast and convenient assembly communication system.
• Resistance to aggressive chemicals.
• Resistance to the occurrence of corrosive processes, as well as to the formation of blockages (subject to the pipe laying rules).
• Low price.

A disadvantage of pipes is a negative attitude towards sudden temperature changes. In addition, such products are not recommended for use in premises with a high degree of fire hazard.

The diameter or cross-section of a plastic pipe for laying water supply, heating and sewerage systems has great value. This parameter indicates the pipeline capacity that provides the most efficient operation.

Sewer pipes, like any equipment, requires replacement over time. Now old cast iron pipes are increasingly being replaced with modern ones PVC products(polyvinyl chloride), which has many advantages over metal.

Polyvinyl chloride is modern material, which has proven itself well in the pipe and fittings market.

Typically, PVC pipes are used for laying sewers (both internal and external), in pressure systems and wells, drainage structures and gravity drainage.

PVC products differ:

• anti-corrosion properties;
• immunity to damage by microorganisms;
• smoothness inner surface, which prevents sedimentation and sediment build-up;
• dielectric properties (polyvinyl chloride does not conduct electricity);
• environmental safety, absence of harmful emissions;
• inertness (PVC pipes do not come into chemical contact with the transported medium);
• resistance to temperature changes;
• resistance to barometric loads;
• long service life;
• ease of installation;
• light weight of products;
• a large assortment of pipes for various purposes and shaped products;
• attractive cost, which is significantly lower than the price of metal ones.

In most cases, PVC pipes running indoors do not require insulation. If such a need arises (for example, during the installation of underground communications or installation in the open air), it is rational to additionally insulate and insulate the pipeline.

Types of PVC sewer pipes and adapters

Depending on which section of the highway the product will be used, there are:

1. Lightweight pipes SN-2 are used in areas with the least load: when laying domestic sewerage indoors, as well as in residential areas where there is no traffic load.
2. Denser SN-4 pipes are used for laying sewers under roads with moderate traffic.
3. Industrial pipes SN-8 are intended for use in neighborhood and city sewerage mains, in production, as well as in areas with intense traffic load.

One of the significant factors that will have to be implemented in the process is the correct calculation of the characteristics for each of the mounted sections. Calculation work is important because it correct execution allows you to reduce costs and achieve the desired efficiency.

Anyone is ready to offer a wide range of pipes with different lengths, diameter and other individual characteristics.

Products with a diameter of less than 50 mm are not used to create sewer systems; pipes of 32 and 40 mm are used for electrical wiring. But 50 mm parts are used to create indoors and connect plumbing units.

Table 1:

The consumer should know the following about 110 mm parts: such products are used, despite similar diameters, have different properties, so for indoor use it is worth purchasing components, and for outdoor use -. Low cost and the search for ways to improve industrial mechanisms have led not only to a significant reduction, but also to a reduction in the cost of both independent parts and the installation estimate as a whole.

Table 2:

The minimum length of components with a diameter of 125, 160 and 200 mm is 500 mm, this may be a lot during installation. In this state of affairs, the excess segment can be separated from the main structure using a regular hacksaw. We must not forget that this will happen only if the end of the cut product is carefully processed.

The 160 mm range is traditionally suitable for both rainwater systems in low-rise (private) houses. In the context of such a situation, as a rule, segments 3 meters long are used. An interesting feature of the 200mm diameter parts is that this is the limit for components available outside the custom order up to 100cm in length.

Table 3:

The range of 250 mm parts is multi-layered, which allows it to be used effectively. A structure assembled from such components is not “afraid” of loads, is resistant to mechanical stress, and has an impressive service life.

Advantages of PVC material

It is important to understand that PVC pipes, for wiring and sewer, have a lot of significant competitive advantages, the main of which are:

• Impressive, usually lasting at least half a century;
• There is no need to maintain an object mounted from PVC;
• The minimum weight greatly facilitates not only storage and transportation, but also;
• Low cost compared to analogues made from other raw materials;
• Impossibility of clogging the structure due to the smooth internal structure of the part;
• Simplicity and the ability to quickly perform installation work.

The goods in question are such that their assembly does not require the use of complex and expensive labor: all actions that the situation requires (in some cases, even digging trenches for external sewerage), can be done by hand, using a socket is not complex process and does not require any special skills.


In addition, ease of assembly results in high speed. Compared to analogues that require the use of compression couplings, the assembly of the pipes in question is carried out many times faster.

It is important to consider that the use of such products is an excellent opportunity to save not only time, but also money, since you do not need to pay for the services of a specialist or a team of craftsmen who will install the drainage structure.

These pipes are practically invulnerable to climatic influences, as well as to the influence of chemicals, and they are often used for transporting rarefied media (gaseous substances).

The video shows the dimensions of the sewer pipes:

PVC sewer pipes have been replaced metal products. Pipes are needed in different sections of the sewer system different sizes. Suitable choice can be done by knowing the throughput and characteristics of the sewer pipeline.

Peculiarities

Pipe structures made of polyvinyl chloride are often used to equip wastewater drains, displacing cast iron and steel ones. Plastic sewer pipes are made from regular and unplasticized PVC. The material contains vinyl chloride and additional additives. High strength properties make it possible to use unplasticized PVC for organizing pressure pipelines.

Sewage pipes are designed to drain wastewater from a water drain, for the installation of a drainage channel, installation of intra-house and street sewerage. The use of PVC products for sewerage installations pays off thanks to technical specifications material. The long service life of sewer pipelines will allow the system to operate for up to 50 years. The tensile strength reaches 50 MPa, so the street section of the sewer can withstand installation to the depth of soil freezing. The pipeline is capable of operating at pressures from 6 to 16 bar.

The use of polyvinyl chloride pipes for sewerage has the following advantages:

• A variety of sizes and shapes of pipes and fittings will allow you to assemble sewer systems of any complexity.
• Smooth internal walls do not allow sewage to settle, preventing the formation of blockages in small diameters and preventing the pipe passage from becoming clogged with sediment.
• The low weight of the products and ease of cutting mean quick and easy installation and dismantling without additional tools.
• Inertia towards chemicals and corrosive effects.
• Affordable price of pipeline elements.

Operating temperature range from -10 to +65 degrees. At -18 degrees, polyvinyl chloride becomes brittle. The material is resistant to softening during short-term heating to +90 degrees.

Dimensions

Plastic sewer pipe elements are produced in accordance with GOST 51613-2000. The dimensions of PVC pipes are determined by such indicators as length, outer diameter, inner diameter of the socket, bore diameter, wall thickness. The outer diameter assumes the nominal size of the product. The throughput depends on the bore diameter.

The wall thickness determines the strength of the pipeline and what load the pipe structure can withstand.

They are classified according to strength class:

• lightweight SN2 structures with a wall thickness of less than 2.3 mm can withstand loads of up to 630 Pa;
• medium-heavy SN4 with walls from 2.5 to 12.3 mm depending on the diameter, cope with pressure from 600 to 800 Pa;
• heavy SN8 pipes with wall thicknesses from 3.2 to 15.3 mm, varying in diameter, withstand pressures from 800 to 1000 Pa.

Sewage pipeline, capable of withstanding pressure up to 1.6 MPa, is made of unplasticized PVC with a wall thickness of 0.5 to 1.9 cm. It is used for laying to great depths, under highways, in pressure sewer systems.

Sewer pipes are divided depending on the installation location. External and internal are distinguished waste system. For arrangement internal sewerage use pipes gray. Standard sizes diameters are 32, 40, 50, 75, 110 and 160 mm. The wall thickness is not designed for high loads, varies from 1 to 3.2 mm. The length can be 0.3, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 3 meters.

Pipes for external drainage are different orange. Depending on the amount of wastewater, diameters of 110, 125, 160, 200, 250, 300, 400 and 500 mm are produced. The wall size starts from 3 mm, the length varies from 1.2 to 3 m. For the arrangement of urban sewer systems, a diameter of 200 mm is used.

Depending on the pressure to which the walls of the pipeline are exposed, pressure and non-pressure sewer systems are distinguished. For internal gravity sewerage, pipes with a wall thickness of 1.8 to 3 mm are used. For street pipelines with free-flow drainage, products are produced with a wall size from 3.2 mm with a diameter of 11 cm to 1.2 cm with an outer diameter of 50 cm.

A pressure sewer system with pumping equipment requires increased strength characteristics. Plastic pressure pipes are made from unplasticized PVC with a greater thickness. The table shows possible wall parameters depending on the pressure tested from 800 Pa to 1.6 MPa.

In addition to smooth-walled PVC pipeline, corrugated pipe is produced. It is distinguished by increased rigidity and different diameters. Gray corrugation of small diameter, used to drain waste from washing, drying, dishwasher. Double-layer corrugated pipe structures of large diameter from 11 to 120 cm are used for laying to a depth of up to 15 m with high mechanical stress. The table shows the dimensional form of corrugated pipes.

Inner side Corrugated pipe is made with a smooth wall to prevent the accumulation of solid particles, and the outer surface is embossed. They are used for arranging sewer systems in multi-storey housing construction, industrial production, social and public facilities.

How to choose?

When selecting optimal size PVC sewer pipes are calculated main parameter– the expected volume of wastewater that passes through the pipeline. In a private household, the amount of liquid drained depends on the number of people living. The more drainage points there are in the house, the wider the receiving drain pipe. External sewerage cannot be less than 11 cm in diameter. For internal wiring in an apartment, it is enough to choose small-diameter sewer pipes up to 7.5 cm. When discharging wastewater into a riser, the size of the circle should not be less than the diameter of the common main. For buildings with five floors and below, this figure is 11 cm; if there are more floors, then the diameter reaches 16–20 cm.

To select the optimal pipe size in various points plums are guided by common sense. You should not mount a bulky sewer network with high throughput in low-rise buildings and apartments. Efficiency will increase slightly, but the cost and location area will increase significantly.

Sewage pipes are selected according to the following criteria:

• by diameter;
• by wall thickness;
• along the length of the free end.

The internal cross-sectional size or diameter determines the discharge load into the sewer system. Each sewage discharge point requires the use of a diameter of up to 50 mm. Drain hole under the toilet, a diameter of at least 10 cm is provided, since solid particles go down the drain. In a private house, a pipe with a diameter of 110–200 mm is suitable for installing an external sewer system. For sewerage coming from multi-storey building, the cross-section diameter must be more than 20 cm. The size of the outlet is up to sewer well in the yard area it can be 30–50 cm.

The thickness of the walls determines the strength class of the structure. The thickness must be selected according to the expected load on the pipeline. Lightweight pipes with walls of 1.2–2.2 mm are suitable for installation in gravity drain systems with minimum load in the internal sewer. Typically, the diameter of such pipes does not exceed 11 cm. They can be installed to drain sewage from the kitchen and bathroom in apartments and private houses. Pipes must be freely accessible or covered with a box.

Pipes with strength class SN4 are the most common and are used for internal and external sewerage. The minimum diameter for pipes is 5 cm with walls of 2.6 mm. For a diameter of 11 cm, the thickness is 3.2 mm. Medium-heavy pipes are installed for the common house riser and outlet to the external drain. Such pipes are also used in external gravity sewerage in private and multi-apartment construction.

For a pressure sewer system, heavy pipes of class SN8 and higher are used. To accurately determine the wall thickness, you need to familiarize yourself with the power of the pump and what pressure it exerts on the system. Minimum thickness the wall with a diameter of 9 cm is 3 mm, the maximum is 6.6 mm.

The selection of pipe length depends on the length of the pipeline in different sections. Most small segment for internal sewerage it is 30 cm. The length can be easily changed independently depending on the configuration of the pipeline. To get a smooth cut of the required length, all you need to do is use a hacksaw. For external sewerage with straight sections, pipes with a length of 1.5 to 3 m are often used. The fewer connecting elements in the installation section, the stronger and more rigid the pipeline structure.

When choosing the size of sewer pipes, you can be guided by sanitary standards, which indicate the permissible diameter for various drains:

• Kitchen drain – 32–50 mm.
• The drainage from the bathroom from each point is 50 mm.
• Drain from washing equipment – ​​25 mm.
• Pipe supply to the riser – 50–75 mm.
• Fecal drainage – 110 mm.
• Central riser – 110–160 mm.
• Output to external drain – 110–160 mm.
• External drain with outlet from the bath – 160–200 mm.
• With outlet from the pool – 20–30 cm.
• City sewer lines – 30–50 cm.

PVC pipes are widely used to create sewer systems due to their ease of installation and operational characteristics. A sewer system can be assembled from modules of different sizes. The size range includes shaped products for adapting to different pipe diameters (reducers), splitters and corner bends. The interchangeability of pipe elements allows renovation work in a short time.

Unlike other plastic analogues, products made from polyvinyl chloride have a convenient assembly mechanism. All components and fittings in the pipeline have a socket connection with an O-ring. Additionally, you can coat it with glue or sealant for strength. If it is necessary to connect two sections of pipe, use a coupling equipped with rubber seals. All adapters for plumbing outlets from sinks, sinks, showers and bathtubs are equipped with a socket groove.

In addition to the socket connection, an adhesive joining method is used. Pipes differ in the shape of the end and the size of the walls. When selecting pipe products certain size all fittings must be of the same diameter. This will help achieve tightness in the pipeline.

When installing sewer pipes, the angle of inclination for the gravity drainage system must be observed. If pipes with a diameter of 32–50 mm, then the optimal slope will be 0.03 degrees or 3 cm per linear meter. A circle size of up to 110 mm assumes a slope of 0.02 degrees or 2 cm. A diameter from 150 to 200 mm should be laid at an angle of 0.008 degrees, corresponding to less than 1 cm.

In the next video you will see the installation of plastic sewer pipes.