How to install a ventilation valve in a steam room. Natural ventilation in the bathhouse: principles of arrangement and layout of ventilation holes

It is impossible to answer the question of whether plastic ventilation is possible in a bathhouse. Such systems have proven their practicality and performance in home and industrial environments, but the bath environment has its own specifics, which to a certain extent limits the use of plastic. When choosing plastic products for a bath in each specific case should be approached taking into account all influencing factors and possible consequences.

The bathhouse can use plastic pipes for ventilation in the bathhouse

Reasons for the popularity of plastic

Ventilation structures made of plastic elements have gained wide popularity in various areas of human life. This is due to their attractive appearance and numerous advantages over traditional metal competitors.

Pay attention! The most widely used parts are made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane and polypropylene.

The following positive aspects of plastic ventilation are highlighted:

1. No corrosion. This advantage most often determines the choice of plastic. Any metal (even stainless steel) in ventilation systems where steam condensation occurs and the aggressive effects of various substances that pollute the air are susceptible to corrosion. Plastic is absolutely resistant in this regard.
2. Low cost. Plastic systems have significantly more low price compared to metal, which provides increased resistance to corrosion.
3. Simplicity and quality of installation. When installing metal boxes and pipes, problems always arise in places where there are knocks, requiring rolling, welding, and other operations. Cutting and joining plastic elements is not difficult, and the ends are easy to process and align. Thus, sealing plastic boxes is much easier to ensure.
4. Light weight. This advantage is ensured by ease of installation at the installation site and transportation when delivering the goods.
5. Plastic elements are resistant to water, steam, aggressive environments, and ultraviolet rays. They meet all sanitary standards under normal conditions.

Features of use in the bath

In order to decide whether plastic ventilation is suitable for a bathhouse, it is necessary to note the disadvantages of such systems:

1. Low heat resistance of plastic. Already at temperatures above 80-85 degrees, the release of harmful components from the substance begins, which poisons the human body. When heated, plastic loses its strength and rigidity, which leads to deformation.
2. Low resistance to open fire. Despite the fact that PVC does not support combustion, it easily melts, and its drops, falling on other structures, cause a fire. In general, plastic elements belong to the group of flammable materials, which requires great care when placing them near sauna stove and chimney. Even with a small fire, a large amount of acrid smoke is released, which is very dangerous for humans.
3. Reduced resistance to cutting, abrasion, scratching. Under impact and cutting loads, plastic is easily damaged or deformed.

Taking into account the above problems, we can conclude whether plastic ventilation is suitable for a bathhouse. The most extreme conditions are observed in the steam room. In the Russian bath, the temperature is maintained at about 60-65 degrees with saturated water vapor. Such temperatures seem to be lower than permissible, but they are close to critical values, and at the slightest excess they lead to the decomposition of plastic. Thus, the use of plastic ventilation in the steam room of a Russian bath is dangerous to human health. It is completely unacceptable to use it in a sauna steam room, where the temperature can reach 100 degrees.

In other bath rooms (washing area, dressing room, rest room), the air temperature is not high, and extreme conditions are associated with high humidity, which is not at all dangerous for plastic. Therefore, we can conclude that ventilation in a bathhouse made of plastic pipes is quite acceptable in all rooms except the steam room.

Important! Please note special attention on the location of the stove and its chimney, near which the air temperature may be critical. In addition, fire hazardous conditions arise here.

Design features

The standard set of sauna forced ventilation includes the following main elements: fan (exhaust and supply); ventilation pipes and ducts; vents with plugs; connecting and component elements. Among the important components, the following stand out:

• turns: designed to change direction ventilation duct;
• adapters: necessary when connecting route elements of different sizes;
• forks and tees: installed when it is necessary to divide the incoming air flow into several rooms;
• couplings: connecting and holding elements;
• flanges and gearboxes.

The basis of forced ventilation is made up of exhaust fans installed on the outlet vent, or the supply type, designed to suck in fresh air from outside and form an air flow. Most commonly used supply system, and the fan can be installed alone to serve all rooms or several devices separately in each room. In the first case, a fairly powerful mechanism is installed, usually with metal blades, and the flow distribution then proceeds through plastic ventilation channels. Small fans in a plastic case with plastic blades can be installed in each room.

Plastic air ducts for ventilation of the type of bath in question are an important part of the system. They distribute the incoming air flow and direct it to the desired area.

Another option is to install an exhaust fan not in the outlet vent, but directly in the most stagnant area. In this case, it is mounted at the end of the exhaust ventilation duct, through which contaminated air is directed outside.

Plastic boxes and pipes are available in various shapes and sizes. They can be round or rectangular in cross-section, and smooth or corrugated in design. Most often, the incoming powerful air flow is directed into rectangular boxes and then distributed through round pipes.

Nuance! Corrugated construction is used in places where pipe movement in different directions is required, or to adjust elements to length.

Air ducts have various sizes, which are selected depending on the required system power and the volume of incoming air. Round pipes for the bath they have standard diameter in the range of 56-160 mm. Among rectangular ducts, the most common are air ducts measuring 6x12 and 6x20.5 cm. Corrugated elements usually have round shape, and the diameter of such a pipe ranges from 15-55 cm.

Additional items

In addition to the indicated elements used when installing a ventilation system in a bathhouse, plastic parts are used that perform protective and regulatory functions. These include various dampers, hatches and grilles.

Plastic grilles can have different purposes. The following main varieties are distinguished:

• inertial type: for flow separation without pressurization;
• adjustable grilles: allow you to change the volume of incoming air and distribution in one direction while blocking air movement in the other;
• unregulated type: distribution or flow restrictions without the possibility of regulation;
• external protective grilles: to prevent foreign bodies from entering the channel.

Plastic hatches can be installed in powerful, branched systems to allow access to the ventilation line for inspection, cleaning, and repair. They can be mounted on the ceiling or walls of the bathhouse. Door-style flaps are designed to allow access to natural flow. They can be mounted on natural ventilation vents in a window or door. Standard sizes– 10x10, 15x30 and 25x60 cm.

Features of the arrangement

You can install plastic ventilation in a bathhouse yourself. Main stages of work: production of vents; installation of fans; installation and fastening of the entrance box; installation and fastening of the incoming air flow branching system; arrangement of an outlet vent; installation of dampers and hatches.

When carrying out work, the following recommendations should be taken into account:

1. The plastic elements are connected to each other by soldering. If there are threaded elements, sockets, flanges, adapters, and couplings are used, which makes it possible to provide a dismountable system.
2. A special sealant is used to seal the joints.
3. Cutting elements or changing their shape is done using a knife or a special hacksaw.

To carry out installation work You will need the following tools: electric drill, screwdriver, grinder, knife, hacksaw, pliers and side cutters, screwdriver, paint brush, tape measure, metal ruler.

Plastic ventilation in the bathhouse can be installed in all rooms except the steam room. Plastic cannot be used in it due to the risk of harmful emissions when heated. You can easily install the system yourself.

The temperature background and high level of moisture in the bathhouse are favorable conditions for the settlement of all kinds of harmful microorganisms. These include bacteria, viruses, molds that destroy wood and the pulmonary system of bath lovers. Properly done ventilation in the bathhouse will eliminate the listed negativity. How to make it?

We will tell you everything about the rules for organizing ventilation systems intended for drying wet areas. Using reliable information will help you develop and implement an impeccable ventilation project. The data presented for consideration is based on building codes and the practical experience of builders.

The article describes in detail the methods of constructing ventilation systems designed to remove water suspended in the air, drying finishes and load-bearing structures. The materials and components required for their arrangement are described. Effective help Photo apps and video tutorials will help you master a difficult topic.

The bathhouse needs regular air renewal. This is a safety requirement for people taking bath procedures. Also, proper ventilation can extend the service life to 50 years or more.

The type of ventilation system is selected individually and depends on the location, size of the structure, and materials used in construction.

Bath ventilation schemes

All existing systems According to the principle of action, ventilation is divided into natural, forced and combined. In the first case, ventilation occurs due to the random intake of street air, its mixing in the room and the displacement of exhaust air through the openings in a natural way.

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If insulation takes place, then a counter-lattice must be installed to ensure ventilation between the insulation and other layers of the roof. It is also used to ventilate wall structures so that condensation does not form in the thickness of the layers.

To dry floors, use burst ventilation or install a ventilated floor. This option should be considered during the construction phase. To do this, a rough floor is made by carefully pouring concrete on a slope, and the finishing floor is laid from hardwood boards, leaving small gaps between them. This flooring ensures rapid removal of excess moisture.

It is important to properly organize ventilation in all rooms of the bathhouse. Particular attention should be paid to the washing/shower area, where high humidity threatens the formation of fungus and mold

All rooms of the bathhouse need ventilation, including:

• washing room;
• dressing room/rest room;
• other premises.

To arrange proper ventilation, you have to choose optimal scheme, suitable for the requirements and conditions of a particular bath. It is important to remember that fresh air must enter and be removed from all rooms.

They construct ventilation ducts, make supply and exhaust openings in the walls or install a whole system of air ducts - everything is very individual

Experienced craftsmen do not recommend laying complex systems of ventilation ducts, preferring to stop at the very simple solution, suitable for a particular case. The rule here is that the simpler the better. And in terms of price, the simple option will cost several times less.

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Among the most important indicators of a Russian bath are traditionally the temperature and level of air humidity, forgetting about another fundamental indicator - air exchange. This is very reckless, because even if you carefully insulate the room and achieve comfortable humidity, staying in a steam room with musty air will be not only uncomfortable, but also dangerous. If you want to avoid such a fate, take care of ventilation in the steam room in advance. You can even set up such a system with your own hands - let’s look in detail at how to do it correctly.

Before moving on to describing the features of the immediate technological process, let’s first clarify why ventilation in a steam room is necessary at all. It is no secret that many skeptics consider its arrangement only an unjustified waste of time and money, but this is far from true - the absence of a ventilation system can lead to at least three sharply negative consequences.

Types of ventilation systems for steam rooms

Ventilation in a steam room can be of three types:

• natural;
• mechanical;
• combined.

The natural system assumes that air circulation is ensured by the difference in pressure and temperature levels in the steam room and outside. The principle of operation here is simple: first, hot air rises to the upper zone of the steam room, and then goes out through the exhaust vent to the street, thereby discharging the atmosphere in the bathhouse - this creates the conditions for drawing in new air through the supply vent. The advantage of such ventilation is minimal financial costs. But here one nuance must be taken into account: if the structure is insufficiently insulated, the natural air duct will be an obstacle to high-quality heating of the bathhouse.

Mechanical ventilation operates through special devices that control the output of exhaust air and the supply of new air flows into the steam room. As a rule, the role of such devices is various kinds fans. The advantage of a mechanical system is that ventilation equipment can be installed in almost any area of ​​the room.

Advice. A classic duct fan is not suitable for a bathhouse, since it will not withstand the harsh conditions of a steam room - here it is better to use special models made of glass-filled polyamide that can withstand high temperatures - up to 130 degrees.

Combined ventilation combines elements of both natural and mechanical systems. It functions in this way: mechanical devices are responsible for extracting exhaust air, and fresh air enters through a separate supply opening.

Ventilation schemes

There are at least five working ventilation schemes that can be used in a steam room - choose a specific option based on them design features your Russian bathhouse.

• The supply opening is behind the stove at a distance of 50 cm from the heater, and the exhaust opening is opposite, at a distance of 20 cm from the base of the floor. The air is removed forcibly - this is provided by a fan built into the lower opening.
• The supply opening is behind the heating device at a distance of 30 cm from the base of the floor, the exhaust opening is at a distance of 20 cm from the floor on the opposite wall. The air is forced out using a fan. The main feature of the scheme is the very high heating rate of fresh air.

• Both openings - flow and exhaust - are located on one side directly opposite the stove, but at different levels: the first - at a distance of 30 cm from the base of the floor, the second - 20 cm from the ceiling. The system operates using a fan that is mounted in the exhaust vent.

Advice. This scheme is suitable for baths with an internal steam room - when the room has only one external side.

• The supply hole is behind the stove at a height of 20 cm from the base of the floor. There is no exhaust hole - instead, a special leaking floor is provided: exhaust air masses pass through its cracks to the ventilation pipe. This system guarantees fulfillment additional function– quick drying of the floor.
• The supply opening is opposite the stove at a distance of 20 cm from the base of the floor. The role of the exhaust hole is assigned to the blower. This scheme is suitable only for those baths where the heating device operates continuously.

General rules for organizing ventilation in a steam room

Whatever ventilation system option you choose, it must be equipped according to certain rules.

Firstly, it is advisable to make all the holes for ventilation at the stage of constructing the bathhouse, since punching channels in a ready-made structure is a very difficult process. The ideal option is to decide on a suitable scheme during the design of a Russian bathhouse in order to make all the necessary changes to the work plan in a timely manner.

Secondly, the dimensions of the exhaust opening should be approximately the same as the dimensions of the supply opening. In any case, the “output” should not be less than the “input”, otherwise it will be impossible to ensure a complete outflow of exhaust air from the steam room. And to speed up this process, it is allowed to increase the dimensions of the exhaust opening and even install two “exits” in one room.

Thirdly, in order to regulate the airflow of the steam room, all ventilation openings must be equipped with special valves or blinds. They will be useful to you in several situations: when warming up the steam room, when the vents will need to be covered to quickly increase the temperature to the required level, as well as during the frosty season, when cold air will actively strive into the warm room.

Fourthly, the cross-section of the ventilation hole should be related to the area of ​​the steam room in the proportion: 1 cubic meter. m area - 24 cm section. If the holes are small, the air in the room will not be able to quickly renew itself.

Of course, organizing ventilation in a bathhouse with your own hands is not the easiest task. But it is fundamentally necessary: ​​without air exchange, you can forget about the comfort, safety and durability of the steam room. Now you know the main rules and subtleties of this work - if you strictly adhere to them, you will definitely be able to make a high-quality ventilation system even without professional help.

Ventilation in the bathhouse: video

Since ancient times, people have believed that the bathhouse can heal the body. It is not for nothing that the people have a saying: “The bathhouse soars, the bathhouse rules, the bathhouse will fix everything.” To really get a boost of vivacity and health, it is necessary to create the most favorable microclimate for this with sufficient oxygen content. This is what ventilation in the steam room serves, where the air must be renewed at least 2 times every hour. When we talk about a bathhouse, we also mean a steam room.

The quality of bath procedures and our well-being directly depend on whether the ventilation scheme in the steam room is correctly implemented. Before we look at how to make ventilation in a steam room, let's look at its functions.

Functions of natural ventilation of a steam room

The bathhouse needs ventilation, because... it performs 3 main functions:

1. Saturation of the steam room with oxygen.
2. Creation of optimal bath processes for managing steam and air exchange.
3. Drying the bath after washing to prevent the formation of mold and fungi that destroy wooden structures.

In order for steamers to breathe easily, a constant supply of fresh air is required. Many argue that ventilation of the steam room is not necessary, because... After washing, ventilate the bathhouse through the door and window.

In the human body, at the moment of soaring, the process of oxygen exchange in the blood increases several times. During one visit to the steam room (up to 2 hours or more), an adult secretes 0.5-1.5 liters of sweat, which is a concentrated toxin. Without an influx of fresh air, we are poisoned by the products of our own vital activity. An air mixture low in oxygen and high in carbon dioxide can cause headaches, nausea, dizziness and lethargy. People perceive this as intolerance to the bath, and do not realize that they themselves created such conditions. The reason is that there is no ventilation in the steam room.

How are steam regimes created? In order for the air flow to quickly heat up, it is introduced at the bottom of the furnace, from which it heats up and, mixing with steam, rises to the ceiling and to the soaring zone.

A layer of steam is created there, which, when cooled, begins to settle in the form of condensate. On the wall opposite the stove, on the opposite side below, under the bathhouse shelf, a hole is made for the exhaust air to escape. Due to internal circulation, fresh air is actively mixed in and unnecessary air is removed. Valves are installed on the channels to adjust the air exchange in the steam room. This is how the steam is controlled, and bathing procedures take place in more comfortable conditions.

On the wall opposite the inlet in the upper part, another exhaust hole is made, which is closed for the period of heating and washing. The upper hood is not for steam modes. It is only needed to dry the bath after washing. After taking bath procedures, it is necessary to open both the upper and lower openings in order to thoroughly dry the room.

Many people are mistaken, claiming that you can dry a bathhouse with a stove at behind closed doors and windows. It's an illusion. If there is no air exchange, it will not be possible to dry the bath well. When heated, air can hold a lot of water (steam). When it cools, the opposite happens: the air cannot hold much moisture and begins to release it in the form of dew. As a result, a lot of dampness will remain in the bathhouse. At organized ventilation with each new stream it is carried out into the street and excess moisture. Any steel oven can handle this, because the cooling process takes up to 3 hours.

Steam room ventilation through the foundation

The design of the building influences the choice of the type of ventilation system.

An example of steam room ventilation through the foundation

Previously, there was no ventilation in log baths, or it was used in its simplest form. The air from the steam room exited through the vent of the furnace, which was installed here. Fresh air was supplied through a door slightly open by 5 mm. The design of the bathhouse was as follows: a steam room, a washing room and a stove in one room.

In order for the stove to work as a hood, it must be installed so that the vent is below the floorboards. It should be taken into account that ventilation through the stove ashboard occurs only while the fire is burning in the stove. If ovens are used for short periods of time, an improved ventilation system is essential.

Here is another diagram that will help those who have a metal stove. The basis for steam room ventilation is the burning stove itself. It should ventilate not only the bathhouse, but also the entire foundation. Bad air usually accumulates under the bathhouse unpleasant smell, if everything is not arranged correctly. A vent placed in the foundation facilitates the flow of air under the floor.

With underground ventilation

In the heating (furnace) mode of the bath, air circulates between the washing room, steam room and the space under the common floor. To do this, a window with a latch is made in the partition between the steam room and the sink to regulate the ventilation mode.

From the stove chimney there is a draft to the surface. For her, air comes from all possible cracks.

By metal pipe with a diameter of 115 mm, 5-10 l/sec of flue gas passes through, which is equivalent to the suction air of the furnace - 300-600 l/min, and this is 2-3 barrels of air per minute, the furnace pumps out into the chimney.

Therefore, if your stove vigorously smokes through a chimney, it means that it absorbs the same amount of air through the ash pan from the bathhouse, while giving off a colossal amount of heat.

If your stove takes air with its blower from your steam room, it first of all ventilates your steam room, then the underground and through it the air gets back, because has a total volume. There must be a common underground space under all sections of the bathhouse. If the floors are made independent of each other, then there will be no ventilation. Floor boards should not be laid tightly, 5-10 mm apart from each other.

Within 15 minutes, the entire bath air changes completely, 100% air exchange occurs through chimney. For additional thermoregulation, you can also open the door of the main room to the dressing room so that the air goes out there and then outside.

Optimal layout for a steam room

There are many schemes with different advantages. Here is one common scheme according to which ventilation in a steam room can be arranged with your own hands. It also allows you to adjust the air flow to maintain one or another mode.

Let's take a closer look. Stove and door on one side. Air flow behind the stove and through the bottom slot of the door. Opposite, two exhaust ducts are mounted (one under the ceiling, the other above the shelf), connected to each other by a pipe or duct.

1. During the heating period of the steam room, both exhaust openings are closed, and the supply openings remain open.
2. During the soaring period, the upper exhaust valve is closed and the lower one is opened. The circulation of air masses begins: from the stove it rushes to the ceiling, resting against the wall and descends. It is partially pulled outward by the lower flap, and the remaining part continues to move lower to the floor and back up.
3. After steaming, to dry the bath, open both exhaust valves.

Application of mechanical and combined ventilation

In paired rooms, ventilation can be arranged in several ways. In addition to natural ventilation, mechanical and combined ventilation is used in the steam room. This depends mainly on the layout, for example, if the bathhouse is attached to a residential building. When only one wall borders the street and all the valves are installed on it, then ventilation in the bathhouse in the steam room cannot be done without mechanical stimulation.

In mechanical and combined ventilation systems, special devices are used to control air exchange.

The lower the ventilation holes are placed, the more heat will be retained in the steam room. To achieve a good result, it is necessary to additionally equip the ventilation system with mechanical devices. For this purpose, deflectors or simple fans are used in air ducts. Air exchange follows the same pattern, only the removal of unnecessary air from the room is carried out by a fan. This combined system. With the mechanical type of ventilation, a fan is installed in both the supply and exhaust ducts.
A different type of system is selected individually for each room.

What conditions must be met?

• The temperature regime in the steam room should not be disturbed. Ventilation should properly distribute air flows without disturbing the set temperature: hot air at the top and cooler air closer to the floor.
• To change the speed of air movement, adjustable valves should be installed on the channels.
• The entry of new air masses into the steam room should come directly from the street. Based on the features of the building, air ducts can be installed.
• To avoid reverse draft, do not allow a difference in area between the exhaust and supply ducts.
• To protect floors from fire, an inlet duct under the floor is installed near the metal sheet of the stove, blowing cold air through it.
• At the end of the bath, thoroughly dry the floors and all rooms.
• Cover ventilation openings on the outside with grilles to protect against rodents.

Microclimate measurements in the steam room

Each steamer has individual requirements for temperature and humidity conditions. They are based on personal feelings. You can achieve the creation of certain parameters using instruments.

Measure the temperature in the steam room with an alcohol thermometer. Do not use a mercury thermometer. You can use an electric thermometer. The thermocouple is placed in the steam room, and the indicator is placed in the dressing room or rest room.

Air humidity can be measured with a hygrometer. Based on the individual preferences of the steamer, you can use this device to set a certain mode.

What's the result?

Comfortable vaping conditions and ultimately satisfaction are determined by a balanced regime of humidity, heat and the presence of fresh air. To create such conditions, supply and exhaust ventilation are used. The main thing is to organize it correctly.

Suitable microclimate and correct scheme air ventilation creates conditions for better vaping.

Bath procedures are not only one of good ways maintain hygiene, but also the ability to remove accumulated harmful substances and toxins from the body. However, in order for the visit to be comfortable and beneficial, a good one is necessary to eliminate the possibility of the formation of fungi and mold due to high humidity. Ventilation in the bathhouse, equipped by specialists or with your own hands, will ensure the flow of fresh air into the room and remove exhaust gases and fumes generated as a result of the operation of the heater and the use of hot water.

Read in the article

Is ventilation really necessary in a bathhouse or can it be done without it?

The functions of bath ventilation are complicated by the fact that it should contribute quite quick removal from rooms with humid air and efficiently regulate the temperature in the steam room. It is especially important to have a good exhaust system for baths equipped with gas and solid fuel - to maintain the combustion process in such structures, an impressive volume of air is required. Lack of ventilation will lead to excessive concentrations of carbon dioxide, which has a negative impact on people's health and can lead to loss of consciousness.

Inexperienced craftsmen try to carefully insulate the premises, sealing the slightest cracks to increase the speed of warming up the steam room and retain heat for a longer time. However, this is the wrong approach, since ventilation holes must be present. Properly designed it allows:

• create a healthy microclimate in the bathhouse;
• reduce humidity concentration and quickly dry rooms;
• get rid of carbon dioxide;
• quickly warm up the steam room and other bath rooms;
• eliminate stagnant and unpleasant odors;
• get rid of pathogenic fungi and mold;
• keep in original form interior decoration premises.

From the above, it becomes clear how important the installation of an exhaust system in a bathhouse is. Before making ventilation in a bathhouse, you must first learn about its types and basic installation schemes.

Effective ventilation in the bathhouse - diagram and device

Before you further understand the exhaust system and begin its arrangement, you should know that ventilation can be natural or forced. There are also differences in ventilation systems and their designs depending on their location. Well, now let's talk about everything in order.

Natural ventilation

This option is optimal for most baths, since it is the cheapest and quite effective. The placement of ventilation holes must be determined based on the size of the room, the location of the heater and shelves, as well as the material from which the bathhouse is built. Whatever the ventilation schemes in bathhouses, there is one general rule - the supply opening should be located at a height of 20-30 cm from the floor level, and the exhaust opening at the same distance, but from the ceiling.

The dimensions of the vents should be approximately 300-400 mm 2. If the air exchange is too rapid, which will cause the temperature in the steam room to drop, the ventilation openings must be covered with special control flaps. To improve appearance It is advisable to mount on vents decorative grilles, which can easily be bought in specialized stores or made with your own hands.

However, this type of ventilation is not suitable for a steam room. All ventilation openings (inlets and outlets) must be at the same level from the floor. Thus, the incoming air flows are heated from the furnace and rise upward, while the cooled ones fall down and fall into the exhaust vents. To preserve heat in the room, the holes can be closed with special dampers.

Forced ventilation

Air is moved mechanically by installing special devices on the ventilation openings (). This will allow you to quickly refresh the air, which is very important, especially in the washing room. This ventilation option is well suited in cases where a forced exhaust system in the bathhouse has a number of advantages over the natural one:

• it is possible to filter incoming air masses;
• maintaining a given microclimate;
• uniform distribution of heated air.

To enter the steam room large volumes fresh air, it is necessary that the ventilation openings are located diametrically to each other. When installing, you should not place the inlet and exhaust vents at the same level in order to prevent short-circuiting of air flows, which will cause a concentration of cooled air below, and on the contrary, it will be very hot at the top.

Important! Since high humidity and high temperature are the main enemies of any electrical equipment, then the fan housing must have reliable moisture protection, and the connection must be made in full accordance with the PUE.

The advantage of forced ventilation is accelerated air exchange and advanced adjustment parameters. This exhaust system is equally effective regardless of the strength and direction of the wind, as well as weather conditions.

Installation of floor ventilation in bathhouses

Floors in bathhouses are exposed to extreme conditions. The impact of moisture on the floor occurs both from below from the ground and from above. Most difficult conditions created in a steam room, where hot steam comes into contact with the wooden floor covering, cooling and condensing. The resulting condensate penetrates and creates a favorable environment for the development of fungus and mold.

An effective floor ventilation scheme helps prevent the destructive effects of mold and remove excess steam. Floor ventilation can be done naturally or forced. However, to be effective, the following conditions must be adhered to when installing a ventilation system:

• prevent the floor from cooling during procedures;
• ensure fast and effective drying, but it is important not to overdo it to prevent cracking of the wood;
• The arrangement of the ventilation system must be carried out at the construction stage.

When locating ventilation vents, you need to take into account climate, wind conditions, landscape, sources of pollution, as well as internal factors - the type and placement of the heater, structures doorways, the presence of windows. Most often, ventilation vents are located at 3 different levels:

• under floor covering or in ;
• under the heating structure or at the level of its foundation;
• in the wall at a distance of 350-450 mm. from the floor level (best done behind the heater).

Installing ventilation under the floors in baths has a number of advantages. In addition to eliminating condensation and improving the drying quality of the floor covering, the air flow from below does not create drafts and, therefore, ventilation can also be used during bathing procedures. For greater efficiency, it is important to correctly create drainage system to remove wastewater outside the building.

Creating air exchange in the foundation of the bathhouse

Creating an exhaust system in a bathhouse is extremely necessary, since it not only prevents the formation of mold, but also protects the building from rot. The characteristics of the ventilation system are calculated at the design stage. The type and location of bathhouse ventilation largely depends on the prevailing winds, topography and the presence of bodies of water, which often cause flooding of buildings.

You can ensure normal air circulation by installing several holes, the number and dimensions of which are calculated in accordance with the size of the bath. The diameter of the vents must be at least 110 mm. Ventilation openings are usually made opposite each other. If the building is located in a low area, tightly surrounded by other buildings, or there are natural barriers to the free movement of air flows, then vents must be installed on all sides of the foundation, since this is the only way to achieve high-quality ventilation.

Ventilation system in bathhouses in steam rooms

Traditionally, a heater stove is installed in the steam room, which forms the basis. The air from the steam room passes through the blower, which ensures good circulation. To obtain maximum outflow of air masses, the stove should be installed below the level of the finished floor, and to start the process of ventilating the room, it is enough to slightly open the window or front door. The disadvantage of this ventilation scheme in steam rooms is that when there is no combustion process, air circulation stops.

In addition to the heater, ventilation in the steam room is provided by additional openings with special dampers to regulate air exchange. After each bath procedure, you should open it for a while, otherwise the air in the room will be heavy and humid, and there is a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning.

When the stove is firing and the room is heating, the ventilation in the steam room should be closed. After the steam room has completely warmed up, the exhaust dampers can be opened. To prevent the formation of reverse draft, it is necessary at this stage to ensure that the exhaust openings are larger in area than the supply openings.

If the stove is not installed in the steam room itself, then a different ventilation scheme is used in steam Russian baths. Near at a height of 300 mm. An inlet opening is made from the floor level, and an exhaust opening is installed on the wall opposite it at a distance of 300 mm. from the ceiling. Sometimes an inlet opening is made at the bottom of the wall behind the stove so that the air coming from the street is heated by the heater and the room cools down moderately. 2 holes are made on the wall opposite the heating device, which will form a single exhaust duct. The first opening is located at a height of 1,000 mm. from the floor level, and the other under the ceiling. With this ventilation scheme, the steam room warms up faster and, accordingly, fuel is saved.

Air exchange device in the washing room

In the washing room, as well as in the steam room, there is high humidity, which contributes to the appearance of mold and fungi. To avoid this, it is necessary to create an effective ventilation system in washing baths. In the washing room, a large amount of moisture accumulates under the floor, so to remove it, it will be enough to lay an asbestos pipe, one end of which is located under the floor covering, and the other is discharged to the roof and is equipped with a deflector.

Creating effective controlled ventilation in bathhouse sinks will ensure dryness, moderate temperature, fresh air flow, and exhaust carbon monoxide and fuel economy.

Ventilation diagram in dressing rooms

The proximity of the dressing room to the steam room leads to the fact that wooden surfaces condensation settles on the casing. To preserve the cladding and prevent rotting processes, the room must be well insulated and drafts excluded. The simplest ventilation scheme for a dressing room consists of removing moist air through a washing or washing area. It is best to organize a forced-type ventilation system for this room.

How to properly ventilate a bathhouse

Having more or less understood the ventilation system in the bathhouse, you also need to take into account other important points. The exhaust device must not:

• cause a violation temperature regime indoors;
• allow cold air to rise to the ceiling;
• remove fresh air from the room.

The principles by which proper ventilation of rooms is created in a bathhouse depend on architectural features building structures. If the floors have special slots for water drainage, then fresh air can flow through them and there is no need to make additional exhaust openings.

Often small windows are made, which, when opened, act as a hood. In addition, if the heater’s firebox is located directly in the steam room, then ventilation is even easier - just open the combustion chamber and adjust the air exchange by changing the position of the damper. These are the simplest, but most effective and low-cost options for installing a ventilation system.

Features of air exchange in frame baths

If in or air circulation is carried out through rows of lower crowns, then in frame-type buildings sheathed a large number thermal insulation material, there is no natural ventilation and for this reason it is necessary to provide for the creation of special openings with dampers.

Most effective system for the bath is supply and exhaust ventilation. To organize high-quality air exchange, it is necessary to create two channels. One of them is located near the floor and serves to bring fresh air into the room (if necessary, you can install a fan), and the second is located at a short distance from the ceiling and is necessary to remove hot and humid air masses and carbon monoxide. Ventilation openings in frame baths must be equipped with special adjustment valves.

When creating a ventilation system, it is necessary to take into account the area and shape of the steam room, as well as the location of the heater.

Ventilation of a chopped bath

In a Russian bathhouse, where steam was traditionally prepared by hand, the schemes are not suitable forced circulation air. In order for natural ventilation in wooden baths to promote health, the following schemes should be followed when creating it:

• provide the possibility of ventilation (creation of windows, doors and ventilation openings);
• the upper boundaries of doors and windows should be at the same level;
• for small steam rooms, simple ventilation is sufficient;
• a heater with a chimney provides natural exhaust of exhaust air and gases;
• For normal air exchange, you can install a ventilation opening with a damper next to the heater and an exhaust hole under the ceiling.

Providing good ventilation in a log bathhouse is very important point, since it is necessary to exclude the accumulation of excess moisture, which negatively affects wooden structure and can cause the development of pathogenic fungi and mold.

Ventilation system in a brick building

About the arrangement of ventilation in brick baths should be considered at the construction stage. Since natural air circulation is not provided for in a brick building, the number and location of openings should be taken into account in advance.

Air exchange system naturally identical to the one installed in a Russian bath - the inlet is located next to the stove, and the exhaust is under the ceiling. However, if the bathhouse is designed for a large number of people, then you should think about creating a forced ventilation system.

The fan must be installed at the entrance of the exhaust duct leading to. To speed up air circulation, several exhaust pipes are installed, but it may be necessary to install supply valves so that the air masses are not discharged due to the difference in the volumes of supply and exhaust air. Too much powerful fan can lead to the same problem, and the device’s power does not correspond to the area of ​​the room will not be able to perform its functions normally and the air exchange in the steam room will be quite weak.

Ventilation Bastu

IN lately to create ventilation systems, new and more effective solutions. Such novelties include the ventilation scheme in the Bastu bathhouse. This system is very popular among Russians due to its ease of installation and high efficiency.

The principle of ventilation according to Bast is as follows. The hot heater acts as a heat pump and draws air from the supply duct. Cold streams, passing through, heat up very quickly and rise to the ceiling. Naturally, they push an equal volume of near-field air through the exhaust duct. In the Bastu ventilation system, the supply and exhaust openings are located at the bottom.

To install such ventilation, two stainless steel pipes are required - the lower one is installed diagonally from the heater at a height of 200 mm. from the floor, and the top above the stove. Both exits must be equipped with grilles with dampers. However, like all natural ventilation systems, Bastu can only work when the stove is running or when there is strong wind on the street.

The main advantage of the Bastu ventilation installed in Russian baths is the ease of installation, which you can do yourself, thereby saving your money.

Proper ventilation device in the bathhouse

Normal ventilation can only exist if the room has created conditions for the influx of fresh air and the removal of exhaust air. Despite the common concept of ventilation, this is not entirely true, since it is always supply and exhaust. The operating principles of ventilation for any room are almost the same - fresh air enters through the supply opening and is exhausted through the exhaust.

When calculating ventilation systems, it is necessary to take into account the volume and purpose of the premises, the presence or likelihood of the formation of carbon monoxide or other health hazards. chemical compounds. Regulatory acts set the frequency of air exchange per hour, which can fluctuate 1-10 times or more. Next, the parameters and location of future air ducts are determined, taking into account climatic zones and weather conditions typical for the area. If natural ventilation is not able to provide the required air exchange rate, then forced-type systems are used.

Where to place the window in the bathhouse?

Windows in a bathhouse are not only a source of light, but also a way to ventilate it. There is a misconception that a window in a steam room adversely affects the preservation of steam in the room and temperature. However, experienced bath attendants advise making even two windows in the steam room. One window is located above the shelves, and if the steam turns out to be too hot or someone feels unwell, then just open the window slightly and everything will be fine. The second window is placed under the shelves, which allows you to dry the sunbeds quite quickly. It is made small in size and opaque.

Important! According to safety regulations, bath windows must open into the room.

It is also worth installing a window in the washing room. It will not only help to ventilate the room, but also to urgently evacuate in case of fire. The dimensions of the window should be such that an average-sized adult can crawl through it. Some bathhouse owners are interested in the question: is it possible to install? If there is a washing room in the room, then yes. However, in a steam room, where the temperature reaches one hundred and above, the material from which the windows are made will begin to release toxic substances and warp. For windows into the steam room, it is best to use non-resinous wood. You can easily install a window in a bathhouse with your own hands, since the technology is no different from installing it in a residential building.

A grille made of wood or heat-resistant plastic and a metal mesh will prevent insects and pets from entering the room. A corrugated hose or galvanized pipe is usually used as an air duct. Experts do not recommend installing plastic pipes in the steam room, since they are not designed for use in high temperature conditions.

It is advisable to install the fan on only one, for example, on the supply one. Fans used for baths must be made of heat-resistant materials and have good sealing.

A video on how to make a fan with your own hands will show the process more clearly (a bladeless version is presented):

Vent valves

The ventilation valve for the bath is mounted in the supply and exhaust ducts. There are two varieties of this device– KIV (air infiltration valve) and KPV (forced ventilation valve). Outwardly, they are practically no different from each other, and their operating principle is the same. The outer part of the damper is equipped with inclined blinds to prevent water from entering from the outside, and the inner part is equipped with a head and membranes for sound and heat insulation.

When installing valves, you should follow several recommendations:

• for bath ventilation it is necessary to install dampers made of heat-resistant materials;
• installation must be performed on load-bearing walls baths;
• It is not advisable to install valves on walls facing a garbage can.

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