Attaching scaffolding to the wall. Installation of scaffolding

Are you planning a capital or cosmetic repairs, restoration of external walls or construction of a new building? Then you definitely need to familiarize yourself with the design of frame scaffolding. Let's do this as succinctly and clearly as possible.

In a general sense, this is temporary frame construction reusable. Its main purpose is to place people and equipment at a certain height. Basically, all elements for frame structures are made of lightweight material (aluminum or steel alloys), thereby minimizing the weight of the device. However, less durable and reliable scaffolding not a bit. Sometimes if we're talking about For a large-scale facility, such systems are equipped with additional wheels, which greatly simplifies transportation on site. Frame scaffolding is used in both private and industrial construction, because thanks to the stacked design, their height is adjustable.

Reusable temporary frame structure

Such construction devices have many advantages. First of all, this is the simplicity of the design, and minimum quantity constituent elements allows you to assemble it into as soon as possible. Frame scaffolding can be used for both interior and exterior work. If you have special metal plugs, you can fix them on a vertical plane. There are no difficulties with dismantling; when disassembled, these scaffoldings are quite compact and can be stored in a shed, garage or other utility room.

The prefabricated open structure provides an excellent overview of the surface being processed, you can monitor the quality of work from the outside. This configuration also ensures maximum access to light and air. Despite all the bulkiness, frame scaffolding has minimal weight due to the hollow pipes from which the frames are assembled. With all the abundance of advantages, this is also the most budget option.

Prefabricated open structure

But there is one significant drawback. If you need to restore a building with a complex facade, then it is better to look at other scaffolding. The fact is that frame structures are assembled from rectangular modules certain sizes, and if the object has a complex spatial shape, then it will not be possible to repeat the contour of the building. Consequently, there will be hard to reach places, which will significantly complicate the workflow. Frame scaffolding also has a limited load capacity. If the load exceeds 200 kg/m2, then they are definitely not suitable.

Let's consider the main types of such systems and their features. First, let's look at the characteristics of the LSPR 200 frame scaffolding. This design is available in two types - for masonry and. Maximum height the first type of device is 20 m, the step of the tier in height and along the wall is 2 and 3 m, respectively. The racks are located at a distance of 95 cm, so the LSPR 200 frame scaffolding has enough space to move freely at the top and place the necessary devices.

Construction frame scaffolding LSPR 200

Scaffolding LSPR 200 for finishing works the height can reach 40 m. The frames are located at a distance of 2 meters from each other. The height step of the tier also has this significance. But the width of this version of LSPR 200 is the same as in structures intended for masonry - 0.95 m. The diameter of the pipes is 42 or 48 mm. Scaffolding type LRSP 40 has similar characteristics; they are also designed for work at a height of up to 40 m. The step along the wall is from 2 to 3 meters, and the height of the tier is 2 m. In the case of LRSP 40, the distance between the posts has increased slightly and is 976 mm.

The LRSP 40 and LSPR 200 kit includes frames with and without stairs, which can be built on top of each other to the required level. To make the structure as stable as possible, these frames are connected to the street with diagonal ties arranged in a checkerboard pattern. WITH inside strengthen special connections. Thanks to the locks on the frames, the structure of LSPR 200 and LRSP 40 is assembled in the shortest possible time. These scaffolding can be secured to the wall using anchors and plugs.

Set LRSP 40 with ladders

The flooring for the scaffolding is wooden, the crossbars are made of metal. They are installed on the two upper tiers (working and safety). For safety reasons, longitudinal and end guards are provided. In addition, side boards are also attached to the decking with staples. Thanks to the lightning rod and grounding, you can not be afraid even of a thunderstorm that takes you by surprise.

It should be noted right away that only a specialist who knows them should assemble scaffolding or control this process design features. First comes the stage of acceptance of all elements and, if necessary, rejection. Then you need to draw up an installation diagram taking into account all the features of the object. Workers are given instructions in which the design features, operating rules and safety precautions are discussed. After the formal part, you need to prepare the work site. It should be well compacted and level. It is also necessary to maintain horizontality in all directions. It is also necessary to ensure water drainage in case of precipitation.

Let's take a closer look at the installation process using the example of LRSP 40 frame scaffolding. wooden coasters, shoes and, if necessary, screw supports. Then the frames are mounted at a certain pitch. Their number depends on the desired length of the structure. The extreme ones are special frames with guards. Also, do not forget to provide ascent and descent; frames with ladders are used for this. We fix the structure using diagonal and horizontal connections. They are attached quite easily, because the frame has special locks for them.

Installation of scaffolding with a certain step

The lifting of elements and their subsequent lowering are carried out only with the help of special equipment.

Now the second tier is assembled in a similar way. Only in this case, the diagonal connections are located above the horizontal ones of the first row in a checkerboard pattern. All frames should be installed plumb, strictly vertical. Distortions are unacceptable and can be life-threatening. On top of each tier, crossbars are installed, on top of which decking is laid. Hatches are provided at the locations of the stairs.

Laying flooring on scaffolding

Then you need to fix the structure to the wall. The anchors are staggered in 4 m increments. We repeat all previous operations until the scaffolding is of the required height. We install guards at the highest level, and safety should also be taken care of in the lifting areas. At this time, the flooring is also being laid. The system is disassembled in reverse order. Despite certain differences in dimensions, the LSPR 200 design is assembled in the same way as the LRSP 40.

Such equipment can be transported on any vehicle. The main thing is that everything is in accordance with the rules traffic. All large elements are sorted depending on the type (frame, tie, fence, etc.) and securely twisted together with 4 mm wire. Small parts are placed in boxes. Scaffolding must be loaded and unloaded carefully; parts should not be thrown onto the ground.

Four-millimeter wire for transporting equipment

If it is expected long-term storage such construction equipment, you must first coat all metal elements with grease or other lubricant with a similar effect. Place scaffolding on pallets. Avoid contact with the ground. If space is limited, then it is allowed to place elements in boxes and bags with parts in a maximum of three layers.

Whatever good specialist No matter how you are, you should never forget about safety, especially when it comes to working at height. First of all, check whether the structure is securely installed. It must be fixed to a vertical plane along its entire height. Evaluate the surface of the flooring; no defects are allowed on it. The boards must be smooth, strong and preferably clean.

Structures for high-rise work

You can only go up and down using the stairs provided for this purpose. It is prohibited to place cargo on the racks that exceeds the permissible weight. Also, equipment should not be lifted onto scaffolding using a crane. If there are power lines within a radius of less than 5 meters, they must be de-energized or placed in special protective boxes. And on the system itself there should be signs indicating the movement pattern and load capacity.

– the type of construction equipment used to carry out repair or construction work on the facade of the building. The forests received this name because of the frames they are made of. Vertical frames form metal frame through horizontal and diagonal connections. Frame scaffolding is attached to the walls of buildings and is intended for organizing construction process on top.

Design features of frame scaffolding. The frames are connected by horizontal and diagonal connections. Like wedge scaffolding, frame scaffolding does not have small parts. This is certainly an advantage, because they will not get lost during transportation, and also greatly simplifies the installation process. In addition, there are no threaded connections, which also speeds up assembly.

Preparation for installation work

The installation of scaffolding must be carefully supervised by a responsible person. Before starting the installation process, it is imperative to carefully study the design of the scaffolding and the site itself where the work will be carried out. Next, you should draw up a scaffolding installation plan and list the components of the assembly kit. The parts of the construction kit are also accepted by the responsible person. During acceptance, a list of defective and damaged items is compiled.

Main stages of scaffolding installation

First stage. The site for scaffolding must be prepared.

First of all, drainage work must be carried out on the site. This will protect the structure from possible erosion of the base by rain or melt water. The next step should be leveling and compacting the area.

The prepared site must be fenced protective structures to protect forests from vehicles passing through the construction site.

After preparing the site, shoes are installed under the frame supports. The distance between supports depends on the length of the scaffolding span, but is usually 3 meters.

Second stage. We install 2 adjacent frames of the first tier. Then we connect them using diagonal and horizontal connections. We do the same at a given interval: we place 2 adjacent frames and connect the structure in the same way. We repeat the process until we reach the desired length. We place frames with fencing along the edges of the resulting structure.

Third stage. We are installing frames of the second tier. We connect them with diagonal and horizontal connections. Diagonal connections must be staggered.

In those spans where they will be produced facade works it is necessary to assemble the working decks. To do this, 2-3 crossbars are installed on adjacent frames (depending on the planned load), on which wooden or metal flooring is laid.

Fourth stage. In those places where it is planned to lift workers and materials between levels of scaffolding, it is necessary to install inclined stairs. In the place where the stairs adjoin the upper level, one flooring is removed. Stairs are installed in such an order that the hatches of adjacent levels are not located one below the other.

Fifth stage. The scaffolding structure is attached to the wall using anchors through brackets or clamps that are attached to the frame posts. Fastenings are made in a checkerboard pattern every 4 meters. Moreover, the scaffolding is fastened simultaneously with the installation itself!

Sixth stage. Thus, the last three stages must be repeated until the required height of the façade structure is reached.

Seventh stage. In those places where workers will be located (working tier), in the absence of diagonal ties, it is necessary to install longitudinal connections of the fences.

Scaffolding frames are placed plumb. Installation of frames and fastening of scaffolding to the wall is carried out in parallel. Laying of decking and installation of fencing connections should also be carried out at the same time.

Dismantling works can only be carried out after the decking has been cleared of building materials and work equipment. Before starting the dismantling process, the person in charge of the work must inspect the scaffolding, instruct the working personnel regarding the stages and methods of disassembly, and also familiarize the workers with safety measures.

Dismantling must be done from the top tier. The sequence of work is the reverse of the installation process.

Scope of application of scaffolding

This design finds its application in repair, restoration and finishing processes on the facades of buildings, and is also used for masonry and plastering works. Such scaffolding is intended for both large-scale construction and small repair work.

Most often, scaffolding is used for work with a linear facade, however, due to the various additional elements, are often used for more complex objects.

Facade work is usually the final stage of the full construction cycle. In the total time spent on construction, this stage occupies a small part. Renting scaffolding allows you to significantly optimize the costs of facade work, and also eliminates the problems associated with the storage and delivery of this equipment.

Technological process of installation and installation of scaffolding different types can be divided into several important stages, such as:

1. preparatory work;
2. preparation of the workspace;
3. assembly and installation of scaffolding;
4. checking the reliability and quality of the installation.

Scaffolding assembly technology

Below we will look at each stage of the work in more detail.

Preparatory work

When installing scaffolding, it is necessary to take into account a number of important factors:

Checking the reliability and quality of the installation

1. Wooden pads are installed on the selected site. It is necessary to ensure that all supporting surfaces of the frames of the entire structure are in a horizontal plane;
2. Next is carried out construction installation frames of the first tiers and connecting them with diagonal and horizontal connections. At this stage, protective barriers are also installed;
3. The second tier is being assembled. Diagonal connections must be installed strictly in a checkerboard pattern. During installation, crossbars are used, on which decking panels are placed;
4. Next comes the installation of inclined ones;
5. At this stage, the scaffolding is secured to;
6. Repeating the previous three steps, type required height designs;
7. On final stage The installation of all protective fences is underway, as well as the installation of facade mesh and lightning protection.

Installation and installation of scaffolding is a responsible matter, and such work can only be entrusted to professionals. To date construction market sells different types of scaffolding and offers many services for installing it on your construction site. Smart specialists and extensive experience will guarantee you that the installation of scaffolding will be carried out reliably and efficiently, and the construction work carried out using them will be safe.

Methodological documentation in construction

INSTALLATION OF SCAFFOLDING
FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS.
WORK PROJECT

MDS 12-57.2010

Moscow 2010

The document was compiled in development and addition to MDS 12-25.2006, MDS 12-40.2008, MDS 12-46.2008.

The document was developed by employees of REMSTROYSERVIS-R LLC (E.V. Gnatyuk, B.A. Mordkovich) and CJSC "TSNIIOMTP" (Yu.A. Korytov).

The document is intended for design organizations developing work projects, and for construction and installation organizations installing scaffolding on high-rise buildings.

INTRODUCTION

In Russian megacities, there is an increase in the volume of construction of high-rise (from 30 floors and above) monolithic reinforced concrete residential and public buildings. Various works are carried out on the facades of these buildings using scaffolding: finishing, insulation and others.

Scaffolding is applicable for buildings with a variety of architectural, planning and design parameters, configuration, height and length.

Scaffolding is indispensable in cramped urban conditions, where they are used as a universal means of scaffolding, as well as for placing building materials and facade structures.

The labor intensity of scaffolding installation does not, as a rule, exceed 0.6 man-hours per 1 m2 of façade area.

Projects for the execution of works for the installation of scaffolding are part of the main organizational and technological documents for construction and are in demand by local government supervision authorities when issuing permits for construction work.

The document is directly applicable to the installation of the most widely used scaffolding made according to technical specifications GOST 27321-87. In this work project, tubular, clamp scaffolding is used, the racks of which are joined using pipes.

The work production project consists of text and graphic parts. The graphic part is represented by diagrams of components, installation sequence, fastening of the scaffolding to the wall, and the supporting device of the scaffolding on the floor of the building.

This methodological document is intended to assist design, engineering and construction organizations in developing a project for the installation of high-rise scaffolding.

The methodological document is based on the results of the work of ZAO TsNIIOMTP and other design and technological institutes, as well as a generalization of the practical experience of scaffolding installation by REMSTROYSERVIS-R LLC and other Moscow construction organizations.

1 CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BUILDING AND SCAFFOLDING

The residential monolithic reinforced concrete building has a plan complex shape with rectangular and oval outlines of the walls, overall dimensions: length along the facade not less than 50 m, width - 30 m, height - up to 160 m. Thickness of walls and interfloor ceilings - not less than 200 mm, window and other openings allow the installation of supporting devices in them for installing scaffolding at height.

The scaffolding installation project was developed on the basis of a contract, terms of reference and the presented source data. The technical specifications and initial data include: working documentation for construction work on the facade, a passport and instructions for the installation of scaffolding, drawings for the building (to the extent necessary for the installation of scaffolding).

This work project was developed using the following initial data.

The design of clamp scaffolding is inventory, lightweight, collapsible, reusable. Scaffold turnover is at least 60 times, and service life is at least 5 years.

Scaffolding, for example: LSPKH-200-60 from Metakon, rack-mounted attached clamps in accordance with GOST 27321. The height step of the tier is 2 m, the step of the racks along the wall is 2.5 m, the width of the passage between the racks is 1.25 m. Flooring panels can be laid on all tiers at the same time. Standard load is no more than 200 kgf/m2. The maximum height of the scaffolding is 60 m.

The scaffolding is mounted from tubular elements - racks and half-posts with a diameter of 60 mm, installed in support shoes with wooden linings, from longitudinal links with a diameter of 48 mm, connected to the racks using clamps, crossbars, securing the scaffolding to the wall using metal or polymer plugs (dowels) . On the outer sections of the scaffolding, diagonal connections are installed using rotary clamps.

The racks and half-racks are joined using pipes.

The links are connected to each other using bolts.

The plugs are inserted into holes drilled in the wall. Hooks are screwed into the plugs, and the plugs are wedged out. The eyes of the crossbars are put on the hooks, after which the crossbars are secured with clamps to the racks.

A non-rotating clamp connects posts and half-posts with crossbars and railings at right angles. A rotary clamp connects posts with diagonal braces at an acute or obtuse angle.

The outer rows of racks are fastened through one tier in height, the inner rows of racks are fastened in a checkerboard pattern through two tiers in height and through two racks horizontally.

When using scaffolding in accordance with GOST 27321, for example, type LSPH-200-60 from Metakon, for installation on high-rise buildings, a number of measures based on calculations are performed that are not provided for by the manufacturer.

To increase the load-bearing capacity of high-rise scaffolding, so-called double racks made of pipes with an outer diameter of 60 mm are used, which are the main element of high-rise scaffolding and the main condition for installing standard scaffolding on high-rise buildings. Load capacity the rack must be checked by calculation; the load on the rack should not exceed 3 tf. The actual load on the most loaded racks should be selectively determined experimentally, using instruments, such as special scales, and recorded in the work log.

In addition to this main event, the following activities are also carried out.

Thus, the standard load on forests is not set at 200 kgf/m2, but reduced, for example, no more than 100 kgf/m2.

To reduce the load on the scaffolding, according to the calculation, the number of working and protective flooring is reduced. In this case, flooring panels can not be laid on all tiers at the same time, but one by one and staggered.

Depending on local conditions, it may be necessary to change the pitch of the racks along the wall: for example, not 2.5 m, but 2.6 m or 2.4 m.

The width of the passage between the racks can be taken not 1.25 m, but, for example, 1.31 m.

The scheme for attaching the scaffolding to the wall, specified in the manufacturer's operating instructions, may be changed.

Scaffolding can be mounted not on a dirt platform (without or with asphalt concrete pavement), and at height - on supporting devices made of cantilever beams.

With simple architectural and construction solutions for a building, one or two of the above activities are carried out. Modern architectural and construction solutions for buildings are complex, which requires the development of almost all or all of the above measures and their corresponding reflection in the scaffolding installation project.

All of these measures, as stated, must be justified by calculations and agreed with the manufacturer.

Completing the above activities allows you to apply various schemes installation of high-rise scaffolding depending on the configuration of the walls, the height of the building and other local conditions.

The project outlines the provisions for the organization and technology of scaffolding installation, requirements for the quality and acceptance of work, determines the need for mechanization, tools, equipment and devices, and specifies safety and labor protection requirements.

When developing the project, the regulatory, methodological and reference documents specified in the List of Used Documents were used.

2 LIST OF DOCUMENTS USED

Installation workers are instructed on the procedure, techniques and rules for assembling and attaching scaffolding to the wall.

The plan for the scaffolding installation area is given in the work project on sheets, usually in A2 (420×594) or A3 (297×420) format.

In Fig. 1 shows as an example a fragment of a plan for the scaffolding installation area on an area corresponding to the factory set of scaffolding. Symbols RD-11-06 shows scaffolding, the boundary of the danger zone when an object falls from a scaffolding tier, and temporary fencing of the installation area.

The boundary of the danger zone is established by calculation according to RD-11-06, depending on the height of the scaffold layer.

LEGEND:

Load-bearing external walls

Scaffolding

boundary of the danger zone when an object falls from a scaffolding layer

temporary fencing of the scaffolding installation area

Rice. 1

3.1.2 Inspection, control and assessment of technical condition are carried out components mounted scaffolding.

Damaged components must be discarded.

The components sorted by detail are laid along the walls.

3.1.3 Preparation for operation, installation and startup are carried out lifting mechanisms(roof crane, jib crane, winch) for lifting and lowering scaffolding components.

These works are carried out in accordance with the instructions of the manufacturers of lifting mechanisms.

3.1.4 Preparation of mechanization equipment (manual drilling machines, hammer drills, rammers, etc.) and tools, their completeness and readiness for work are checked.

3.1.5 To support scaffolding along the facade, a platform with a width of at least 3 m with an asphalt concrete surface or a leveled and compacted dirt platform is prepared. The bearing capacity of the sites is checked by calculation. Water drainage must be arranged from the site. If the soil is wet, then compaction is carried out with the addition of crushed stone, broken brick, and concrete.

If there is a difference in height, then the scaffolding area along the facade is leveled horizontally in the longitudinal and transverse directions.

To level out the difference in height, standard concrete slabs and boards with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm can be used.

3.1.6 Marking of installation points for anchor plugs on the building wall is carried out in accordance with the working drawing for the wall or “in place”.

At the initial stage, beacon points for marking the wall are determined so that the points do not coincide with the window openings. If the attachment point coincides with the opening in the wall, the scaffolding is attached to load-bearing structures (walls, columns, floors) from the inside of the building using fastening devices and devices; It is not allowed to attach scaffolding to balconies, cornices, or parapets.

The distance from the installation point of the anchor plug to the opening must be at least 150-200 mm. The horizontality of the extreme points is determined using a level, the points are marked with indelible paint. At the two extreme points, using a laser level and tape measure, determine and mark with paint the intermediate points for installing the anchor plugs. Then, at the extreme points of the horizontal line, vertical lines are determined. Use indelible paint to mark the installation points of the anchor plugs on the outermost vertical lines.

3.2 Basic work

3.2.1 Installation work from the zero level are carried out using grippers, taking into account, as a rule, the use of one set of scaffolding supplied by the manufacturer for gripping. The volume of the grip is usually set to no more than 50 m along the facade of the building and the height is not higher than 60 m. When installing scaffolding from an elevation of 60 m and above, the height of the grip is taken to be no higher than 20 m.

To speed up the installation of scaffolding (if there are several sets of scaffolding), work can be carried out with several parallel grips.

Independent parallel gripping can be organized when installing scaffolding on a support device made of cantilever beams, which is installed on the interfloor ceiling at a height, usually above 60 m.

3.2.2 When using double racks up to a height of 80 m, and above - single scaffolding is mounted at a height of up to 160 m. The distance between double racks is usually taken to be 300 mm (Fig. 2)

Rice. 2

If the configuration of the wall does not allow the use of such a scheme, then the scaffolding is installed on the above support devices on the floor of the building. The height of the grip is assumed to be no higher than 20 m.

3.2.3 Installation of scaffolding is carried out, according to the manufacturer’s instructions, in tiers for the length of the grip.

The technological installation process consists of assembling the first, second, third and other tiers, attaching the scaffolding to the building and installing supporting devices at height.

3.2.4 The scaffold tiers are assembled as follows. Shoes with screw height adjustment are installed on a prepared platform that is level in the horizontal plane (see).

The height difference in the direction along the wall is leveled by laying concrete slabs and board linings.

Under the shoes of each pair of racks, a lining made of boards with a thickness of at least 40-50 mm is laid in the transverse direction. Installation of shoes is shown in Fig. 3, a.

The main parts of the tiers are assembled in the following sequence.

Double racks of the inner and outer rows of scaffolding are installed in the shoes (Fig. 3 b).

Transverse and longitudinal connections are installed on the internal and external rows of racks for the supports of the first assembly tier (Fig. 3, c).

At each rack, panels are laid on the longitudinal supports-supports of the first assembly tier.

From the platforms of the first assembly tier, longitudinal braces of the first working tier are installed and holes are drilled in the wall for plugs (dowels) for fastening the transverse braces of the first working tier.

Plugs (dowels) are inserted into the holes and cross braces are secured to the wall.

From the platforms of the first assembly tier, fences of the first working tier are installed, corner posts are built up, and panels of the assembly tier are transferred to the flooring of the first tier. The flooring is equipped with a side fence 150 mm high.

Racks are built up from the flooring of the first tier, a second mounting tier is installed, from which the second working tier is assembled.

The assembly operations of subsequent tiers are repeated.

Rice. 3

3.2.5 The scaffolding is attached to the building to a reinforced concrete wall with a thickness of at least 200 mm using factory-made metal plugs or polymer dowels and through openings (windows, doors, balconies).

Fastening scaffolding with dowels is shown in Fig. 4.

Rice. 4

Dowels, for example MGD 14×100, MUNGO MGV bolt 12x350 with a ring is fixed in the wall four meters apart in a checkerboard pattern according to the intended fastening points. The diameter and depth of the hole in the wall must correspond to the values ​​​​specified in the factory instructions.

The strength of the fastening of the dowels in the wall is checked by calculation and must be tested selectively using a device (device) for pulling the plug out of the wall. The pulling force from concrete must be provided at least 300 kgf.

If a hole is drilled by mistake in the wrong place and a new one needs to be drilled, then the latter must be located at least one depth of the drilled hole from the mistaken one. This rule is not necessary if the erroneous hole is pre-concreted or filled with a polymer composition of similar strength.

Cleaning the holes from drilling waste (dust) is done with compressed air.

The dowel is inserted into the prepared hole and hammered down with a mounting hammer.

Attaching scaffolding to the wall through a window opening is shown in Fig. 5.

Rice. 5

The inventory fastening device is made, as a rule, from the same tubular elements as the scaffolding.

Elongated transverse scaffolding links are inserted into the opening, then longitudinal pipes are laid on them close to the wall. Fastening of connections and pipes is carried out using clamps or another method.

3.2.6 The supporting device at height is mounted from two cantilever beams and spacer posts. The beams are laid on the floor through sheet metal supports so that the length of their cantilever part allows the scaffolding to be installed at a distance of 600 mm from the wall to the axis of the internal rack. Then racks with screw mechanisms are installed on the opposite ends of the beams. The upper supports of the racks with wooden spacers are brought to the ceiling. Using screw mechanisms with a tightening torque of at least 5 kgf m, the racks rest against the ceiling and beams, pressing them against the ceiling and at the same time securing the support device in the opening.

To secure the scaffolding to the supporting device, loops welded to the beams are used.

A channel according to GOST 8240 is most often used as cantilever beams. The channel number (from No. 12 and more) is selected by calculation depending on the load from the scaffolding, which is determined by direct summation of the weight of the scaffolding parts (no more than 20 m in height) and the working load. The weight of the cantilever beam should not exceed 140-150 kgf, provided that the installation team performs installation operations manually. Therefore, the channel number must correspond to the minimum allowable safety factor of the cantilever beam.

For spacer posts, mounting posts of a telescopic design with a screw mechanism for adjusting the height of the supports are used. The main parameters of the racks: height up to 3100 mm, thrust force from 3000 to 5000 kgf (see MDS 12-41).

Values ​​of thrust forces from the racks transmitted to interfloor ceilings, must be determined by calculation and selectively tested experimentally. The values ​​and places of application of these forces from the racks must be agreed upon with the building design organization and entered into the work log. If temporary reinforcement of floors is necessary, mounting telescopic racks are installed on the underlying floors.

Rice. 6

3.2.7 Lifting scaffolding components to the installation horizon is carried out using winches installed on the ground, roof cranes and cantilever cranes installed on interfloor ceilings in building openings.

The speed of movement of the cargo rope must be at least 50 m/min. To eliminate dynamic loads during acceleration and deceleration of the load, the speed of movement of the cargo rope must have a smooth frequency control.

Dismantling of scaffolding for its rearrangement to a new grip is carried out in the reverse order of their installation, that is, starting from the top tier. Remains of building materials, equipment and tools are removed from the floorings. The lowering of the dismantled scaffolding components is carried out using the above winches and cranes.

4 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS AND ACCEPTANCE OF WORK

4.1 The quality of scaffolding installation is ensured by ongoing monitoring of technological operations of preparatory and main work, as well as during acceptance of work. Based on the results of the current monitoring of technological operations, inspection reports for hidden work are drawn up: for the strength of fastening plugs for scaffolding anchors in the wall, for the stability and strength of fastening of scaffolding support devices at height.

4.2 During the preparatory work, check:

Readiness of the wall and structural elements of the building, mechanization equipment and tools for installation work;

Condition of scaffolding parts (dimensions, absence of dents, bends and other defects of scaffolding parts);

Condition of parts of supporting devices (absence of defects in cantilever beams and racks, reliability of beam hinges);

Evenness and equal strength of the base points on which the shoes are installed.

4.3 During installation work, check:

Wall marking accuracy;

Correct and reliable installation of scaffold shoes on the base;

Diameter, depth and cleanliness of holes for anchor plugs;

Strength of anchor fastening;

Verticality of racks and horizontality of connections, scaffolding.

The horizontality of the scaffolding in the longitudinal and transverse directions is ensured by the level, verticality - by the plumb line.

When assembling the scaffolding, it is necessary to ensure that the racks fit into the pipes to the designed length.

When laying the flooring, the strength of the fastening and the absence of the possibility of shifts are checked.

4.4 When accepting work, the acceptance committee inspects the assembled scaffolding as a whole and especially carefully the places of fastening and interfaces.

The horizontality and verticality of forests are checked using geodetic instruments.

Defects found during inspection are eliminated.

Scaffolding is subject to a standard load test for two hours in the presence of the acceptance committee. At the same time, their strength and stability, reliability of fastening to the wall and to supporting devices, flooring and fences, and grounding are assessed.

The railings of the fence must withstand a concentrated load of 70 kgf applied to them in the middle and perpendicularly.

Bearing horizontal connections must withstand a concentrated load of 130 kgf applied in the middle.

4.5 Acceptance of assembled scaffolding is documented in a work acceptance certificate. Certificates of inspection of hidden work are attached to the work acceptance certificate (under clause 4.1).

4.6 The quality of scaffolding installation is assessed by the degree of compliance of the actual parameters and characteristics with the design ones specified in the design and normative-technical documentation.

The main controlled parameters and characteristics, methods of their measurement and evaluation are given in Table 1.

Table 1

5 NEED FOR MECHANIZATION, TOOLS, INVENTORY AND DEVICES

The need for fixed mechanization equipment, tools, equipment and accessories is shown in Table 2.

Table 2

6 SAFETY AND OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH

6.1 When organizing and carrying out work on the installation of scaffolding, the requirements of SNiP 12-03, SNiP 12-04, GOST 12.4.011 must be met.

The scaffolding must be posted with a layout diagram and the magnitude of the permissible loads. The gathering of three or more people on the scaffolding floor is not allowed.

Workers who have the right to work at height are allowed to install scaffolding. Installers must be provided with safety belts.

6.2 Fire safety at workplaces must be provided in accordance with the rules of PPB-01.

6.3 Electrical safety at workplaces must be ensured in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.019, GOST 12.1.030, POT RM-016.

6.4 When organizing work in the installation area, a danger zone is established from falling objects from the height of the scaffolding. The dangerous zone is indicated by safety signs and inscriptions of the established form in accordance with GOST R 12.4.026.

In each specific case, the work design must include measures so that the danger zone does not extend beyond the fenced scaffolding installation area.

A protective net can be hung on the scaffolding. The danger zone may not be indicated.

The location and design of the installation area fencing must be adopted in accordance with GOST 23407.

6.5 Warehousing and storage of scaffolding components, materials, products and equipment must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of standards or technical specifications for scaffolding, materials, products and equipment, as well as SNiP 12-03.

6.6 When working at night, the installation area, scaffolding, passages and approaches to them must be illuminated in accordance with GOST 12.1.046. Illumination should be uniform, without glare from lighting fixtures.

6.7 Scaffolding ladders must be equipped in accordance with GOST 26887. The slope of the stairs to the horizon should be no more than 75°. Stairs must have non-slip steps.

6.8 Lifting of loads onto scaffolding is carried out using a winch or roof crane. Lifting loads onto scaffolding using tower cranes is unacceptable.

6.9 Lightning protection of scaffolding must be arranged with a grounding resistance of no more than 15 Ohms.

6.10 During installation and dismantling of scaffolding electrical wires, located closer than 5 m from the forests, cut off power.

During thunderstorms, snowfall and wind speeds of more than 6 m/s, scaffolding cannot be installed or dismantled.

6.11 The technical condition of scaffolding is monitored before each shift and periodic inspections every 10 days.

Particular attention should be paid to measuring and monitoring the actual loads on the posts and shoes, pulling out the forces of the anchors from the wall. At the same time, the deformation of the posts and wooden shoes, cross members and anchors and their relative movement must be measured and assessed.

If the scaffolding has not been used for a month, then it is allowed to be used after acceptance by the commission. The results of acceptance and inspection are noted in the logbook in accordance with GOST 24258.

Scaffolding is subject to additional inspection after rain or thaw, which can reduce the bearing capacity of the foundation.

FRAME SCAFFOLDING

Currently, light frame scaffolding is increasingly used due to its low weight and correspondingly low price, as well as quick assembly. After analyzing the existing frame scaffolding, their significant drawback was identified, namely, insufficient rigidity during operation.
To eliminate this drawback, a scaffolding design with frames made of round pipe with rigidly welded transition pipes (unlike similar floating ones), diagonals close to the ends of the frames. For the convenience of working on scaffolding, the slopes from the passage are moved under the frame; in addition, the working tiers, at the request of the customer, are provided with front fences, and at the end of the scaffolding - end ones. All these measures significantly increase the rigidity of the structure and also ensure the safety of working on scaffolding.

FRAME SCAFFOLDING

DEVICE AND PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION

(see scaffolding assembly diagram) are a structure assembled from the following elements: frames with a ladder, frames without a ladder, diagonal and horizontal connections, crossbars with wooden flooring, adjustable and non-adjustable supports, elements for fastening to the wall (see types of anchoring). The bottom row of frames rests on support heels (shoes) or screw supports, which are mounted on wooden pads. The scaffolding frames have a height of 2.0 m. Frames with and without ladders can be built upon each other to the required height. Frames with ladders are installed in the second row of scaffolding in each tier and are used to lift workers. The frames, for the purpose of stability, are connected to each other by horizontal and diagonal connections in a checkerboard pattern on the street side and horizontal connections on the wall side (see assembly diagram). The frames are equipped with locks for fastening diagonal and horizontal ties. Crossbars are installed in the first and second rows of scaffolding, two in each span (on the street side and on the building side). Scaffolding is secured to the wall using adjustable anchor brackets of two types: steel strip and tubular with a hook and clamp (see types of anchor brackets). One end is attached to the wall using anchoring elements mounted in the facade of the building being repaired, the other - to the frame rack. The anchoring elements are made of two types: plugs and hooks with bushings (see anchoring elements). The type of anchorage is determined by customer requirements. The number of shoes and screw supports is determined by the terrain and customer requirements. On the working and safety tiers of scaffolds, longitudinal connections of fences are installed. In places where workers rise to the working level, fencing connections are installed in spans where diagonal ties are not provided. To protect against atmospheric (electrical discharges), scaffolding is equipped with a lightning rod and grounding.

Before starting work on the installation of frame scaffolding, you must:
- install temporary fences along the border of the danger zone for the period of installation, operation and dismantling of scaffolding. The limits of the danger zone are established in accordance with SNiP 12-03, and its boundaries are taken from the outer row of scaffolding posts;
- deliver scaffolding elements, repaired and completed according to specifications, to the installation site;
- install an electric winch to lift scaffolding elements.
Each batch of scaffolding, consisting of a set of elements, is sent to the consumer as a complete set and is accompanied by a passport from the manufacturer, a quality control department acceptance certificate and a packaging specification, which indicates the number and weight of the elements being sent by brand.
Large scaffolding parts are sent from the manufacturer without packaging, tied with wire in bundles weighing no more than 80 kg. A tag is attached to each pack indicating the brand and number of items in the pack. Small parts are sent in a container.
Scaffolding elements sorted by grade are stored in indoors or on outdoors on pads under a canopy, not in contact with the ground.
Before being sent to the site, the scaffolding is completed with all standard and non-standard elements in accordance with the specification of the scaffolding project for a particular site. Scaffolding is completed with the rejection of scaffold elements that do not meet regulatory tolerances.
Installation, dismantling and operation of inventory frame scaffolding must be carried out by a specialized unit (site), whose responsibilities include:
- storage and repair of inventory scaffolding elements;
- production of non-standard parts;
- scaffolding;
- installation and dismantling of scaffolding;
- monitoring the technical condition of forests during operation;
- leasing of assembled scaffolding to construction organizations.
Scaffolding is installed in tiers specified in the project.

Installation

Dismantling and installation of scaffolding must be carried out under the supervision of a responsible foreman, who must:
a) study the design of scaffolding;
b) draw up a scaffolding installation diagram for a specific facility;
c) make a list of necessary elements;
d) accept the scaffolding set from the warehouse in accordance with
list with rejection of damaged items.
Workers installing the scaffolding must first be familiar with the structure and instructed on the installation procedure and methods of attaching the scaffolding to the wall.
Scaffolding must be installed on a planned and compacted site, from which water drainage must be provided.
The area for scaffolding must be horizontal in the transverse and longitudinal directions.
The raising and lowering of scaffolding elements must be carried out using hoists or other lifting mechanisms.
The scaffolding is installed in tiers over the entire length of the scaffolding section being mounted, according to the installation diagram:

Stage 1:
Install wooden supports and shoes on the prepared site, and install screw supports if necessary. The supporting surfaces of the scaffold frames must be strictly in the same horizontal plane.

Stage 2:
Install two adjacent frames of the first tier into the shoes and connect them with horizontal and diagonal connections. After a step of 3 meters, install two adjacent frames and also connect them with ties and repeat this operation to set the required length of the scaffolding. Install fencing frames along the edges of the required length of scaffolding, and the next frame should have a ladder.

Stage 3:
Install the frames of the second tier, connect them with ties, and arrange the diagonal ties so that they are installed in a checkerboard pattern. For installation, you need to use crossbars on which wooden flooring is laid.

Stage 4:
For the ascent and descent of people, the scaffolding is equipped with inclined ladders, which are installed in areas designated for hatches.

Stage 5:
The scaffolding is secured to the wall with plugs or hooks with bushings through brackets or clamps attached to the scaffold frame posts (see anchoring elements), every 4 m in a checkerboard pattern.
Stage 6:
Repeating steps 3,4,5 to gain the required height of the scaffolding. Guardrails, intermediate elements and diagonals must be installed in accordance with general scheme scaffolding assembly.
Stage 7:
On the working and safety tiers of scaffolding, install end and longitudinal connections of fences. In places where workers climb to the working level, where diagonal ties are not installed, install longitudinal connections of the fences. Fix two adjacent frames vertically with an M8x55 bolt or pin (at the customer's request).

Install scaffold frames plumb. Installation of frames and fastening of scaffolding to the wall should be carried out simultaneously with the installation of scaffolding.

Laying of decking and installation of fencing connections should be done simultaneously.
Dismantling of scaffolding is allowed only after removing the remaining materials, equipment and tools from the flooring.
Before dismantling scaffolding, the work foreman is obliged to inspect it and instruct workers on the sequence and methods of dismantling, as well as on measures to ensure the safety of work.
Dismantling of scaffolding should begin from the top tier, in the reverse order of installation.
Before transportation, dismantled elements are sorted, large-sized elements are tied into bags, and small-sized and standard products are placed in boxes.

Operation

Metal construction attached frame scaffolding is allowed for use only after completion of its installation, but not earlier. They are handed over according to an act to a person appointed for acceptance by the chief construction engineer with the participation of a safety worker.
When accepting the installed scaffolding for operation, the following is checked:
- compliance of the assembled frame with the installation diagrams and correct assembly of components;
- correctness and reliability of the scaffolding on the base;
- correct and reliable fastening of the scaffolding to the wall;
- the presence and reliability of fencing on scaffolding, the presence of double railings in working tiers;
- correct installation of lightning rods and grounding of scaffolds;
- ensuring water drainage from forests.
Pay special attention to the verticality of the racks and the reliability of fastening the scaffolding to the wall.
The condition of the scaffolding must be checked daily before the start of the shift by the work manager or the foreman supervising the work.
Scaffolding decks and stairs should be systematically cleared of debris, residual materials, snow, ice, and sprinkled with sand in winter.
Loads on scaffold decks during their operation should not exceed permissible limits. If it is necessary to increase or change the location of the loads:
- the strength of scaffolding must be checked by calculation;
- test the scaffolding with a load 25% higher than specified;
- draw up a test report.
When supplying materials to scaffolding tower crane Directly to workplaces, the following rules must be observed:
- to avoid impacts with the load on the scaffolding, you must first
lift the load and move the crane, and then turn the boom and smoothly lower the load;
- there must be a signalman on the scaffolding who regulates the supply of cargo by giving signals to the crane operator.
When supplying materials to the scaffolding with a stationary lift, its frame must be attached to the wall regardless of the scaffolding.

Design

Frame with ladder

Frame without ladder

Fence frame

Diagonal connection

Cork

Horizontal connection