"International Mother Language Day" class hour on the topic. "International Mother Language Day" class hour on the topic UNESCO International Mother Language Day

International Mother Language Day, proclaimed by the General Conference of UNESCO on 17 November 1999, has been celebrated annually on 21 February since 2000 to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.

In turn, the UN General Assembly in its resolution declared 2008 the International Year of Languages. The year 2010 was proclaimed the International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures.

The date for the Day was chosen to commemorate the events that occurred in Dhaka (now the capital of Bangladesh) on February 21, 1952, when students who demonstrated in defense of their native language Bengali, which they demanded to be recognized as one of the official languages ​​of the country, were killed by police bullets. .

Languages ​​are the most powerful tool for preserving and developing our material and spiritual heritage. According to UNESCO estimates, half of the world's approximately 6 thousand languages ​​may soon lose their last speakers.

All steps taken to promote the spread of mother tongues serve not only to promote linguistic diversity and multilingual education, to develop greater familiarity with linguistic and cultural traditions around the world, but also to strengthen solidarity based on mutual understanding, tolerance and dialogue.

On February 21, 2003, on the occasion of International Mother Language Day, UNESCO Director-General K. Matsuura noted: “Why is so much attention paid to the mother tongue? Because languages ​​constitute a unique expression of human creativity in all its diversity. As a tool of communication, perception and reflection, language also describes how we see the world and reflects the connection between the past, present and future. Languages ​​bear traces of chance encounters, various sources, from which they were fed, each according to its separate history.

Mother tongues are unique in the way they imprint each person from the moment of birth, endowing him with a special vision of things that never really disappears, despite the fact that a person subsequently masters many languages. Learning a foreign language is a way to get acquainted with a different vision of the world, with different approaches.”

And every year, as part of the celebration of Mother Language Day in different countries There are a variety of theme-based events aimed at promoting respect and promoting and protecting all languages ​​(especially endangered languages), linguistic diversity and multilingualism. So, in different years The Day was dedicated to the following topics: the relationship between the mother tongue and multilingualism, especially in education; Braille system and sign language; raising public awareness of linguistic and cultural traditions based on mutual understanding, tolerance and dialogue; protection of the intangible heritage of humanity and preservation of cultural diversity; the role of the language in which teaching is conducted in schools and others.

Mongolian is the language of the Mongols and the official language of Mongolia. The term can be used more widely: for the Mongolian language of Mongolia and Inner Mongolia in China, for all languages ​​of the Mongolian group, in a historical context for languages ​​such as ancient Common Mongolian and Old Written Mongolian languages.

The language of the Mongols, the main population of Mongolia, as well as Inner Mongolia and the Russian Federation. Based on the main dialect, it is often called Khalkha-Mongolian or simply Khalkha.

The Khalkha Mongolian dialect (or language) has a literary norm and the status of the official language in Mongolia. The number of speakers is about 2.3 million people. (1995). The Khalkha dialect is part of the central group of dialects of the Mongolian language. Along with it, the eastern and western groups are also distinguished. The differences between dialects are mainly phonetic.

The national language of Mongolia began to take shape after the Mongolian People's Revolution (1921) on the basis of the Khalkha dialect. Since 1943 - writing based on the Cyrillic alphabet.

The Khalkha Mongolian language, together with the Mongolian written language, is part of the Mongolian family of languages. This family is divided into the following groups:

• Northern Mongolian languages: Buryat, Kalmyk, Ordos, Khamnigan, Oirat;
• Southern Mongolian languages: Dagur, Shira-Yugur, Dongxiang, Baoan, Tu language (Mongolian);
• Mughal stands apart in Afghanistan.

By their structure, these are agglutinative languages ​​with elements of inflection. The majority (except Kalmyk and Buryat) are characterized by impersonal conjugation. In the field of morphology, they are also characterized by the absence of a sharp line between inflection and word formation: for example, different case forms of the same word often function lexically as new words and allow a secondary declension, the basis of which is not the primary stem, but the case form. The role of possessive pronouns is played by special suffixes: personal and impersonal. The presence of predicative suffixes gives the impression that names can be conjugated. Parts of speech are poorly differentiated. The following parts of speech are distinguished: noun, verb and immutable particles. Noun and adjective in most living and written languages ​​are not differentiated morphologically and differ only in terms of syntax.

In the area of ​​syntax, the characteristic position of the definition before the defined, the predicate is usually at the end of sentences and the lack of agreement in the case of the definition and the defined, as well as different members of the sentence.

Date in 2019: .

For most people, it is natural to communicate and convey emotions in their native language. Only man has received such a unique gift - to have the gift of speech. And within the framework of one article it is difficult to reveal the depth, the magic that is hidden behind this gift. People at the international level tried to emphasize the originality and uniqueness of each language, each dialect, by creating a holiday of the same name - International Mother Language Day.

From birth, a person hears unfamiliar sounds that pour out like songs from the lips of a loved one. It is these initially incomprehensible sounds that later become the child’s native language.

And there is no way to make you forget those very first, very dear words. After all, a person remembers up to 80% of words before the age of 7 years. Therefore, the language of childhood becomes the closest for life. And even if only a few hundred people speak it, it will still warm your soul and heart, because it is the language you are used to thinking, it is the language the heroes of your dreams speak.

Language is the spiritual heritage of the nation

Real political battles and even wars often developed around the topic of language. The way to communicate was dictated not only by the social order, but also by many other conventions.

From time immemorial, every people and nationality has tried to preserve its originality, the main expression of which was language. But circumstances and realities often developed in such a way that local dialects were oppressed or completely prohibited by the colonialists or conquerors. Thus, in many English and French colonies, the native language was simply supplanted over the years due to new laws.

In addition, small peoples are simply dying out. Their language also disappears. According to statistics, about 24 dialects disappear on the planet every year. Only in Russia 2 adverbs are forgotten every year.

Immediately after the revolution, there were up to 193 languages ​​on the territory of the current Russian Federation, and by the end of 1991 there were only 140 of them left.

It cannot be said that human evolution has not previously encountered the birth of new dialects and the extinction of old languages. But in the 20th century this process accelerated significantly.

The development of information technology has given impetus to the spread international languages with the actual suppression of those that are little used. In fact, it turns out that a language that is not on the Internet actually does not exist. But out of 6,000 adverbs today, 69% are used by only 1/25 of the Earth’s inhabitants. And 80% of African dialects have no written language at all.

Therefore, it is believed that almost half of the languages ​​known today are on the verge of extinction. This is precisely the problem that is being voiced on International Mother Language Day.

History of the holiday

Questions related to the preservation of a certain adverb, in lately It's getting more and more acute. After all, the dominant position of the English language on the Internet reaches unimaginable positions. This is 81%, while the same German and Japanese account for 2%, French and Spanish occupy a niche of 1% each. Somewhere among the remaining 8% is Russian.

What can we say about rare dialects? Therefore, the initiator of celebrating Mother Language Day was the small country of Bangladesh, which only achieved independence and recognition in 1971.

This idea was supported by UNESCO and since 2000, International Mother Language Day has been celebrated all over the world.

The date of the holiday was associated with a tragic event that occurred in 1952 in Pakistan. Students demonstrated on February 21 to defend their language. However, the demonstrators were shot by the police. But despite such a sad outcome of the event, the Bengali language, with which the riots were associated, was declared official in the country.

It is on February 21, 2017 that Russia and the whole world will celebrate a holiday related to the protection of the native language as a unique heritage of humanity.

Mother Language Day in Russia

The Russian language has always been a national pride for its speakers. After all, it was this language that was spoken by famous classics and emperors, scientists and travelers who glorified Russia.

It is the Russian language that has the status of the state language on the territory of Russia. However, today Russian Federation- a multinational state. And each nation has its own language, dialect and associated traditions.

On Mother Language Day, the goal of Russians is not only to emphasize their national pride state language, but also to talk about the importance of the language of small nations, the uniqueness of the dialects of national minorities. And everything must be done so that these dialects do not disappear, but remain, preserved as national pride, the identity of the entire population of Russia.

But it so happened that Russian speakers live not only in Russia. Many Russian speakers live abroad. And in modern geopolitical conditions, the attitude of some states towards their Russian-speaking citizens is simply puzzling.

It’s hard to judge who is to blame for the current realities, but on International Mother Language Day, February 21, I would like to wish people who find themselves in such a situation patience and not to forget, no matter what, their truly native dialect.

Congratulations in prose and poetry

The word has always inspired the soul, the word called to victory and on the road, with a word you can inspire and calm, give hope and make you happy. Only native words, native speech caress the ear and warm the heart. And even in a foreign land a person tries to hear his native speech. So don't forget about your native language. And if you expect respect for your native dialect on a holiday, and not only treat any languages ​​with respect.

What could be dearer and closer,

The native country, its people.

What could be more expensive?

Native word and friends.

And fill your soul with words:

Communicate, think and read.

Don't give your enemies a chance, remember

And don't forget your language.

International Mother Language Day - February 21

International Mother Language Day, proclaimed by the General Conference of UNESCO in November 1999, has been celebrated every year since February 2000 to promote linguistic and cultural diversity and multilingualism.

Languages ​​are the most powerful tool for preserving and developing our material and spiritual heritage. According to UNESCO estimates, half of the world's 6 thousand languages ​​may soon lose their last speakers.

All steps to promote the spread of mother tongues serve not only to promote linguistic diversity and multilingual education, developing greater familiarity with linguistic and cultural traditions around the world, but also strengthen solidarity based on mutual understanding, tolerance and dialogue.

This is what he says about this holiday general manager UNESCO Koichiro Matsuura: “In celebrating International Mother Language Day... we pay tribute to the myriad of languages ​​that exist in the world, the cultures they reflect, and the creativity that their development and forms of expression give to people. On International Mother Language Day, all languages ​​are recognized as equal because each is uniquely suited to human purpose and each represents a living heritage that we should protect.”

Recognition and respect of all languages ​​is key to maintaining peace. Each language is unique. It has its own expressions that reflect the mentality and customs of the people. Like our name, we acquire our mother tongue from our mother during childhood. It shapes our consciousness and imbues it with the culture inherent in it.

Even though it is very difficult to penetrate deeply into the culture of another language, knowledge of languages ​​broadens our horizons and opens up a diverse world to us. Meeting people who speak other languages ​​makes it possible to learn about our differences and can dispel fears about the world that give rise to national strife. Make your thinking more free.

If we speak only one language, part of our brain develops less and our creativity loses a lot. There are about 300 words that have exactly the same meaning in all languages: I, you, we, who, what, no, all, one, two, big, long, small, woman, man, eat, see, hear, sun , moon, etc.

But if we take other words, for example, the word patience in Chinese (zhen), then it also means tolerance, patience...

If in French je t "aime (I love you) you can say to a friend, child, lover, then this is unthinkable for other languages, for example, for English or Italian in which there are different words to denote the concept of “love.”

One example. There are about 1600 languages ​​and dialects in India, the situation is very complex. The Constitution guarantees all citizens the right to "preserve" their languages, and all ethnic and religious minorities have the right to govern in educational institutions. In fact, there is a linguistic hierarchy. Minor languages ​​may disappear, replaced by English, which is perceived as a neutral language, a symbol of modernity and good social status.

Every age needs a native language...
(Kenzheev Bakhyt)

Every age needs a native language,
to every heart, tree and knife
we need a native language of purity of tears -
So I will say and I will keep my word.

So I will say and silently, barefoot, I will walk
barren, cloudy country,
to blame your work
the native language has become a cumbersome stone.

From the street, a disabled person pressed his ear to the glass.
Every throat hurts, every eye waters,
if the age decays, and its spring
dries up without comforting us.

The stones will erase the sole, take away your youth,
so that singing reeds grow from the water,
so that in old age he can justify his work
stonecutter's insatiable lace.

Well - tearing off the crust from compressed lips,
overcoming lies and abscesses in the ears,
to every sky - if the century is not loving -
let it slip, repeating the forgotten

In your native language, because again
in every living thing the early morning sleep is deep,
so that hate and love merge
in your narrow pupil into a golden ball.

About your native language
(Galina Purga)

Your tongue is a guide to the mind and heart,
Without it you will find yourself in a dead end.
Your language is your life, your dreams,
You are no longer you without him.

Your tongue is like your own mother,
Which cannot be humiliated, cannot be insulted.
You should thank him, friend.
Because you know how to speak correctly.

Native language is your soul, your world, your ray,
Love him because he is powerful.
Your tongue is a shield, your communication
Don't let him be neglected.

Don't let someone else label your native language.
Your heritage is your land and your language
And don’t let the ignorant distort it,
Don't forget about this, my friend.

Native Russian language

I will not fight with my brother over the language,
We'd better have more vodka and fresh snacks.
But for the first time, a quietly happy mother,
When she just opened her eyes, she told me in Russian.

And so with mother's milk it poured into my blood
The same language is like a gift from ancestors-messengers.
Today I hear the cry of my fellow countryman again and again
About the fact that my native language is only the lot of foreigners.

When the carousel stops spinning,
And I’ll lie down in a cold hole behind the street descent,
They will drive my spirit away from the Ukrainian unfortunate lands
For the fact that during his lifetime he wrote his lines in Russian.

Native language

Everyone is interested in Arabic
everyone was drawn to the east,
Spanish, Polish, Italian,
the train carried everyone to the west

How easy it is to drop everything and hide,
and tell us all later
that happiness is abroad,
and laugh at your own

Now the dialect is already native,
now in a completely different country,
I'm happy for them, but life is not eternal,
and only the native language is in the soul

Native language
(Valery Bryusov)

My faithful friend! My enemy is insidious!
My king! My slave! Native language!
My poems are like altar smoke!
Like a furious challenge - my cry!

You gave wings to a crazy dream,
You have wrapped your dream in shackles.
Saved me in hours of powerlessness
And he crushed with excess strength.

How often in the secret of strange sounds
And in the hidden sense of words
I found the melody of the unexpected,
Poems that took possession of me!

But often, exhausted by joy
Or quietly intoxicated with melancholy,
I waited in vain to be in tune
With a trembling soul - your echo!

You wait like a giant.
I bow my face to you.
And yet I won’t get tired of fighting
I am like Israel with a deity!

There is no limit to my persistence.
You are in eternity, I am in short days,
But still, as a magician, submit to me,
Or turn the madman to dust!

Your wealth, by inheritance,
I, impudent, demand for myself.
I issue a call - you answer,
I'm coming - get ready to fight!

But the winner is defeated,
I will equally fall before you:
You are my avenger, you are my savior,
Your world is forever my abode,
Your voice is the sky above me!

Native language
(Pavlova Lina)

I thank previous eras,
Scientists and poets and people
For the language that you gave me
And they saved it in the most terrible year!

I thank my mother for reading to me
And, revealing the meaning of each fairy tale,
She corrected childhood mistakes
And it awakened my thought to life.

I thank Kuprin, Tolstoy,
Turgenev and Chekhov always,
That my native language was enriched
And they supported me in difficult times.

And if in a misfortune, in the years of hard times,
I haven't hit rock bottom yet,
And if I didn’t close my heart to people,
The merit of the book is that it is my destiny!

And often without even bread,
I opened it with a weak hand
Your friends, guides,
And time transported me to another world.

Native speech, beloved native language,
We draw strength from you throughout all ages.
You, our treasure, our strength,
And you play a role in the life of the lighthouse!

Native language, tell us the words...

Native language, tell us the words:
How to protect you, where to get strength?
Not the inglorious nickname “Mordovian”,
But the name “Erzya” should be worn proudly.

To be a forerunner is an enviable fate,
The Erzyan “istya” breathes the Russianness of truths.
But did you know that they would push you out
From the Volga expanse of the Fatherland?!

In the family of living Russian languages
You are the only one left among the few.
We are at the burial mounds of our forefathers
Let us resume the ritual of strict traditions.

Let the sacred shtatol keep the fire,
Only with Erzyan Mastor does one’s spirit and strength grow stronger.
To the mound hills - bow to the ground,
So that the memory of our ancestors speaks to us.

Istya (erz.) - yes
Erzyan Shtatol - a sacred candle, a symbol of hope, unification and will of the Erzyan people
Erzyan Mastor - land of Erzyan

International Mother Language Day is celebrated annually around the world on February 21. This holiday was established on November 17, 1999 by the General Conference of UNESCO, and began to be celebrated in February 2000. The main goal of the International Mother Language Day holiday is to promote linguistic and cultural diversity in the world.

Let us recall that 2008 was declared in a resolution of the UN General Assembly as the International Year of Languages, and 2010 became the International Year for the Rapprochement of Cultures.

Languages ​​are considered to be the most effective tool for preserving and developing the material and spiritual heritage of any nation. Today there are about 6 thousand languages ​​in the world. According to UNESCO, in the near future, approximately half of them may lose their last carriers and completely disappear.

About 80% of African languages ​​have no written language at all. The trend of language extinction will only intensify in the future.

A language can survive if at least 100,000 people speak it. Languages ​​are disappearing not only in modern world, this always happened, sometimes extinct languages ​​did not even leave a trace. However, never before have languages ​​disappeared so quickly. Very often, the extinction of languages ​​was caused by the desire of rulers to achieve the unity of their country; for this they had to force the people to use one common language.

One of the most important goals of International Mother Language Day is to protect endangered languages. The problem of disappearing languages ​​is very relevant today, because in the world currently about two languages ​​disappear every month.

The emergence of new technologies has made it increasingly difficult for national minorities to achieve recognition of their languages. This is due to the rapid development of the Internet throughout the world. And today it is believed that a language that is not represented on the Internet does not exist at all. It is estimated that about 81% of all pages on the Internet are written in English. It is followed by a huge margin by German and Japanese, French, Spanish and Scandinavian languages.

UNESCO even created a special portal for national minorities in disadvantaged conditions. It allows these people to access human knowledge and education.

Meaning of mother tongue

Language is a system of sound and written characters, which are used by people to convey their thoughts and feelings. Scientists generally agree that language arose about half a million years ago. However, so far none of them can explain with certainty how exactly its origin occurred. All languages ​​on our planet are approximately equal in structural complexity.

Our material and spiritual heritage develops and is preserved precisely thanks to them. Each language is unique in its own way, and therefore represents a very large cultural value, which we must try to preserve for as long as possible.

Any steps aimed at the dissemination of mother tongues contribute to linguistic diversity and multilingual education. People around the world need to become more familiar with the linguistic and cultural traditions of their countries. This makes it possible to strengthen solidarity based on mutual understanding and dialogue.

A lot of attention must be paid to the native language, because... it is a tool for communication, reflection and perception, and describes our vision of the world. In addition, language is also capable of reflecting the connection between the past, present and future, and serves as a means of expressing creativity.

Our native language leaves a unique imprint on each of us from the moment we are born. In addition to his native language, a person can also master foreign languages. This allows us to experience another culture and a different worldview. Each language has unique expressions that reflect the mentality and customs of the people speaking it. A person comprehends his native language from infancy. Even in the womb, the child already hears speech. When he is born, he gradually begins to speak the language spoken by the people around him in the family.

We can say that our native language shapes our consciousness within the framework of the culture that is embedded in it.

However, science has proven that if a person speaks only one language, then part of his brain develops less, and his creative abilities also do not develop fully. Therefore, learning foreign languages ​​is very useful for our development. It should be noted that children learn foreign languages much easier than for adults.

Traditions for the holiday February 21

On this festive day of February 21, International Mother Language Day, various exhibitions, concerts and presentations dedicated to languages ​​are held at UNESCO Headquarters and its branches around the world.

To protect languages, UNESCO even plans to create a preventive monitoring system. This system will help monitor the status of those languages ​​that are threatened with complete extinction, and will also help improve the situation.

It should be noted that the date of the celebration coincides with the date of the holiday, which is celebrated in Bangladesh in memory of the bloody events of the middle of the last century. Then, in 1952, supporters of the Bengali language being recognized official language East Pakistan were brutally massacred by the Pakistani police.

In our multinational country there are a large number different languages. Moreover, 136 of them were recognized by UNESCO as endangered in 2009.

In different cities of our country for the holiday of February 21 - International Day native language - they try to coincide with various events and actions to protect the Russian language.

Many people do not like the current situation that has developed around modern means mass communication. All of them are widely used profanity, slang, criminal vocabulary, a huge number of foreign words, etc. All this contributes to the pollution of the Russian language.

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Photo: Ivaylo Sarayski/Rusmediabank.ru

How did Mother Language Day come about?

It turns out that this date appeared on the calendar quite recently - in 2000, after the proclamation of the corresponding decision of UNESCO. It was not chosen by chance and, unfortunately, reminds us of very sad events: on February 21, 1952 in Dhaka (today the capital of Bangladesh), young people - students who went to a rally to defend the Bengali language, which was their native language - were killed by police bullets. The youth demanded that the authorities recognize Bengali as one of the state languages.

What is unique about your native language? The fact is that it is he who leaves an indelible imprint on a person’s understanding of the world - and this will always be felt, even if he decides to learn other languages. The native language gives a person a special vision of things and circumstances. This is why learning other languages ​​is so enriching - we learn to see (although not to the same extent as native speakers) how people look at the world around us representatives of another country.

How is Mother Language Day celebrated?

Every year UNESCO proposes to celebrate this date with new topic. Thus, at various times, February 21 was dedicated to Braille and sign language, the connection between the native language and multilingualism, the protection of intangible heritage, which is language, etc. How to join this date? At least by reading this article, or perhaps someone will want to deepen their knowledge of linguistics, philology, or start learning something new. In any case, to celebrate this date, it is worth learning to be tolerant and respectful of people who speak other languages, even those that are rare and unpopular in their homeland.

By the way, the problem of the disappearance of some of them is quite acute. Thus, there is a division of languages ​​depending on the level of threat of extinction - according to it, languages ​​are distributed into 6 categories, starting with those that are not in danger of death, and ending with extinct dialects. Thus, experts included English, French, German, Spanish, and Russian into the “safe” group (those where they are spoken by all generations and their transmission is not disrupted in any way). In the group of “vulnerable” (such languages ​​are spoken infrequently or only at home) were Belarusian, Chuvash, Latgalian, Adyghe, Yiddish, etc. We will not list all of them, let’s just say that there are languages ​​that are on the verge of extinction - when in their native Only old people speak dialects, and even then infrequently. These languages ​​include Orok (the language of the small people of the Far North, Siberia and Far East), Vodian (belongs to the Vod people from the Leningrad region), Tofalar (its speakers are representatives of the Turkic people living in the Irkutsk region), etc. The number of speakers of these languages ​​is no more than... 100 people - it is not surprising if you are seeing their names for the first time.

Interesting facts about the Russian language

Russian is in the top ten according to many criteria: for example, it is the 2nd most popular language on the Internet (according to data for 2013); 4th most translated language; 5th in the world in terms of the number of speakers; 7th among the languages ​​into which the most books are translated; 8th in the number of people who own it as their own.

In total, 260 million people speak Russian. Moreover, this number has more than doubled over the past 110 years: in 1900, there were “only” 105 million Russian speakers.

And finally, let’s unwind a little: did you know that in Russian there are words starting with the letter Y, and several of them? These are the names of cities and rivers: Ygyatta, Yllymakh, Ynakhsyt, Ynykchansky, Ytyk-Kyuyol.

There are many words in Russian that start with the letter Y - and these are not only iodine and yogi. There are as many as 74 of them!

In “great and mighty” there are words with 3 letters “e” in a row: these are “long-necked” (and other “-necked”, “short-necked”, etc.) and “snake-eater”.

To master the difficult-to-pronounce phrase “I love you,” English speakers use the mnemonic “Yellow-blue bus.”

Oh, those complicated words “dress” and “put on”! They are always confused! Meanwhile, there is a fairly simple mnemonic rule: “They put on Nadezhda, but they put on clothes.” It is noteworthy that Nadya, who works as a Russian language teacher at school, misspelt from “The Irony of Fate, or Enjoy Your Bath”: “My