Projects of houses from gun carriages in the Norwegian style. Houses made from carriages using Norwegian technology: advantages and disadvantages We build a house from carriages

Houses built from gun carriages are increasingly appearing in cities and villages of our country. And although the construction of wooden buildings using this technology is becoming increasingly popular, for most, the carriage is simply a base for an artillery gun.

Buildings made from gun carriages are the most prestigious and environmentally friendly.

Nevertheless, this term also refers to logs hewn in a certain way, from which the inhabitants of the Scandinavian Peninsula built warm, wind-resistant houses for centuries. And the centuries-old experience of Norwegians, Swedes and Finns came in handy for the builders. Today, buildings made from gun carriages are considered one of the most environmentally friendly, comfortable and prestigious houses, however, “Scandinavian” half beams are used not only in the construction of housing. Quite often, bathhouses and larger-scale objects are built from gun carriages.

Promising building material

A carriage is a log hewn on both sides, resembling a tetrahedron in shape.

What is a carriage used in the construction of wooden structures can be seen in the photograph.
In fact, the material is a cross between a tetrahedral beam and a log. The two opposite sides of the carriage have a flat surface, and a recess is carved into its lower side. For the manufacture of half beams, 6-meter logs with a cross-section of up to 350 mm are used. After turning the side edges, the standard distance between them should be from 200 to 260 mm. The height of the half-beam is 240-300 mm. Carriages of such dimensions are used in construction external walls, and for the construction internal partitions Half beams with a thickness of 150 mm can be used.

The most common types of wood used for the construction of fire monitor buildings are pine or larch, but some construction companies propose to build log houses from cedar, citing the fact that cedar pine has best performance in terms of resistance to aggressive environments and temperature changes, and also better insulates noise.

Carriage houses have a number of advantages over brick houses, which have long become the most common type of buildings in the country.

In terms of heat conservation, they are several times superior to stone buildings due to the fact that air accumulates over time between the fibers in the half-beams, which serves as an excellent heat insulator.

Moreover, in a house from of this material natural ventilation is provided, and the owner of a wooden mansion will simply not be aware of such phenomena as freezing of walls or condensation of moisture.

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Durability that improves over time

Another advantage of buildings made from carriages is their strength that increases over time. This property is given to buildings by the use of the so-called Norwegian castle when fastening logs together (it is also known under other names - the Norwegian cross, Norwegian bowl or Norwegian cutting).

Centuries of experience have shown that when the log house shrinks and the half-beams dry out, the house only becomes stronger, since the wedge-shaped design of the lock seals the connection even more over time. In addition to reliable wedging, which prevents the logs from twisting along the axis, the Norwegian cross prevents the formation of cracks between the half-beams of the walls. These features of the construction of houses from construction carriage They were also influenced by the fact that buildings of this type are not built from pre-dried wood, but from logs that could almost have just been cut down in the forest.

Carriage is a building material, the production technology of which came to the Russian Federation from Norway. It is a log, two opposite sides of which have been carefully sawn or felled. They build houses from gun carriages using dry and wet logs. In the second case, the start date for operation is postponed until the log dries and the structure shrinks (1-2 years). If the material was used dry, occupancy of the house is possible upon completion of construction.

Gapless technology for cutting log houses from gun carriages. The carriage is a debarked log of large diameter (28-50 cm) with two hewn or sawn opposite surfaces.

Why is it profitable to build a house from a gun carriage?

High thermal insulation properties. The indicator is increased due to the tight fit of the logs, which eliminates the formation of gaps, and the “Norwegian castle” technology for connecting logs. The same technology eliminates the possibility of drafts and freezing of walls
Natural ventilation. Despite high density there are no connections between logs and no obstructions to air circulation. There are also benefits in the presence of phytoncides in the air, as they are used conifers
More space. Wooden house made of a carriage, in contrast to a structure made of round logs of the same dimensions, more spacious due to the smooth surfaces of the walls
Reduce costs. Facade and internal surfaces walls do not require finishing, which minimizes costs. If desired, you can apply varnish coating. The main thing is not to ignore the need for treatment with fire retardants and antiseptics
The laying of communications has been simplified. Also explained by the smooth walls.

Construction of houses from gun carriages

In the construction of houses from gun carriages, we use exclusively winter-ripened wood of natural humidity from environmentally friendly forests of the Kostroma region. We carry out logging work ourselves on our own plots, so we can guarantee the quality of the material with 100% responsibility. The cutting of the carriage and the assembly of the log house is carried out on procurement plots with subsequent marking of the logs to each other, due to which the installation of the house kit on the developer’s site takes a minimum of time.

Winter forest- an ideal material for making houses from gun carriages.

Construction of houses from gun carriages has been included in the list of services of Srub-Stroy for a long time. Our craftsmen have built dozens of houses from logs processed using Scandinavian technology, all customers are happy! Contact us, we use a carriage High Quality, we work harmoniously, quickly!

Made from rounded tree trunks. You will learn about what a carriage is, how and what it is made of. The article will tell you about the advantages and disadvantages of houses made of gun carriages, as well as the design features of the walls.

Wooden houses made from solid logs have always been considered a “privilege” of the Russian village. Skilled carpenters in wooded areas created masterpieces of wooden architecture using primitive tools. However, not only in Russia they know how to build from long logs. Norwegian ship carpenters, who also knew a lot about reliable wooden joints and structures, have long built houses from logs processed in a special way, called carriages.

What is a carriage

The carriage is a log, sawn on both sides in such a way as to form two mutually parallel planes. In appearance, it can be called a huge board with rounded edges. The size of the element is usually standard - 240x400 mm. It has a domestic analogue of the name - gable beam.

The material for the carriage can be any type of construction wood, but usually it is pine. Unlike prefabricated laminated long lengths, this material is demanding on the quality of raw materials:

The highest quality timber is used to produce the carriage.
The barrel must have a uniform structure along its entire length - defects cannot be removed or replaced.
Only wood with normal humidity - 12-15% - is accepted for work.

Otherwise, the elements of the log house repeat the well-known rounded log.

How to make a carriage

Creating a gable beam is a labor-intensive procedure. There's a lot involved in it manual labor, equipment and qualified work of specialists and organizers. You can’t handle such a log house “on your own” - usually the site is organized at a special training ground. Let's consider step by step how and with what a carriage is created.

Operation: Delivery of logs to the landfill.

What do you need: Freight transport, lifting equipment (forklift).

Operation: Removing the edges of the log.

What do you need: Mobile band-saw on casters and frame and experienced operators.

First, the end is marked - how much excess wood needs to be removed. Then the saw comes into play - it moves along the log, removing a layer of wood (30-50 mm). Along the way, you get an unedged board and a slab.

Operation: Debarking (removing bark).

What do you need: A pair of powerful hand planes and physically strong workers.

The remaining part of the curves is processed with a plane - the bark and irregularities are removed. Then the entire forest is antiseptic.

In order to carry out the actions described above, you need a prepared site, equipment and personnel. But these are only blanks, or, as carpenters say, “blanks” for a log house - they are called a carriage. But in order to become a full-fledged element of a log house, such a log needs to go through two of the most difficult stages - cutting and fitting.

What is the peculiarity of a log house made from a gun carriage?

Peculiarity Norwegian log house consists of fastening logs together, which is called the “Norwegian castle”. At a quick glance, the crowns look as usual - standard 900 trim, but the most interesting and complex thing is hidden inside. Complex cutting is the work of a careful and skilled carpenter.

Describing in words how this cutting is done is as difficult as learning it from a book. This main reason relatively small spread of technology. The connection takes a long time and requires high precision and fittings—carpenters call this work “furniture.”

Norwegian cut on video

Why such difficulties? Increasing the complexity of cutting has five goals that are well worth the time invested:

More nested angles mean better mechanical reliability.
An increase in the contact area of two elements means an increase in the friction force between them.
The notch design bevels the angle at which gravity acts on the elements. In this case, the load is distributed inside the ligament, further compacting and strengthening it. In other words, the load from the weight of the walls works to strengthen the connection between the crowns.
Complete absence of foreign fasteners - there are no points of excess stress, the entire load is evenly distributed through the (relatively) soft wood.
Multi-plane coupling with stepped changes blocks (or significantly reduces) drafts.

This “multidisciplinary” approach to connecting crowns explains a lot. It now becomes obvious that the additional hours and days invested in the log house during construction will result in years and decades of use in the future. Simply put, the Norwegians tried to get the most out of a tree trunk using intelligence and technology.

Advantages and disadvantages of timber frames

When analyzing the information above, you should remember that the ideal building material does not exist.

Advantages:

Natural eco-friendly raw material - wood. This also includes the convenience of processing and fastening subsequent elements (stairs, ceilings, sheathing, etc.).
Does not hide centimeters indoors. Logs protruding inward from the sides are a problem with all log houses. round section. A wall made from a carriage is closer in appearance to a calibrated beam and does not require additional processing and coatings (except for mandatory grinding and antiseptic treatment).
The connection of the crowns helps to strengthen the ligament during settlement and load of the walls.
240 mm of wood thickness is equivalent to 380 mm in thermal conductivity brickwork(one and a half bricks).
The log house is assembled without electricity (except for lighting) and without metal fasteners.

Flaws:

A complex, time-consuming and expensive process of creating a building. The entire log house is first assembled completely at the landfill, then marked and disassembled for transportation.
In 90% of cases - individual work to order. This means that construction needs to be planned in advance, about two years in advance, so that the material for it is prepared.
Even in the form of a carriage, a log remains a log, and a tree remains a tree. This means that it will be subject to all the problems of wood: wear and tear from weathering, frost, moisture cycles, insects, rot, and so on. Of course, like any solid wood frame, it will require antiseptic treatment every 2-3 years, and caulking every 3-6 years.
Fire hazard.

Log house from a gun carriage on video

Along with obvious characteristics, one can also note neutral features that are specific to the carriage.

In a region where it is necessary to build a house from Norwegian carriage, there may simply not be any specialists for cutting and installation. Then the prefabricated kit will have to be transported from afar, which will increase transport costs. On the other hand, this is an advantage, because the house can be transported to any place.

Overall, a log house is a great option for someone who believes that solid log houses are the best. Of course, in terms of reliability of fastening, the Norwegian notch is an example of a reasonable approach and understanding of load distribution. European technical thought and thrift are rightfully winning Russian market by providing quality technical solutions and materials.

The carriage is logs hewn on both sides (double-edged timber), which the Norwegians were the first to use for the construction of buildings, having come up with an original locking connection that helps retain heat and ensures excellent strength of the structure.

Wood as a material for the construction of a cottage or bathhouse successfully retains its leading position, including because there are several successful construction technologies made of wood, one of which is the gun carriage.

What to choose: a regular log house or a carriage

Let's consider the pros and cons of the gun carriage, based on which we can draw a conclusion about which material to choose when building a cottage or bathhouse made of wood.
Advantages of building from a carriage:

no external and interior decoration, except for coating with antiseptic compounds and varnish, which is reliable protection for wood;
the height of the crowns with the carriage technology of construction is greater than that of the timber technology. This reduces the number of thermal connections and, as a result, reduces the level of heat loss.

In terms of energy efficiency, a 200 mm wall made of firecrackers is comparable to a 400 mm brick wall.

In addition to the low thermal conductivity coefficient of wood, the uniqueness of a warm Scandinavian castle contributes to high energy efficiency;

objects made from carriages are more spacious inside than buildings made from rounded logs with the same external dimensions;
interior walls turn out smooth and practically do not require additional finishing, in addition smooth walls significantly simplify the work on laying utilities;
smooth internal walls also contribute positively to installation decorative elements, such as window and door frames;
there is no need to organize an auxiliary layer of thermal insulation, which helps to save not only labor costs for construction, but also significant finances;
the weight of a building using fire monitor technology is relatively small and therefore does not require the construction of a powerful foundation, which also significantly reduces the level of construction costs;
buildings made from gun carriages can be erected year-round. The only exception is the arrangement of the foundation, although when constructing a pile-screw foundation, the cold season is not an obstacle;
a house or bathhouse made from a gun carriage is an environmentally friendly building. Living in them has a positive effect on a person due to the unique microclimate. Buildings built using fire monitor technology “breathe” because wood does not interfere with natural air circulation.

The main disadvantages of fire monitor construction technology:

assembling a log frame from a carriage is a more labor-intensive process;
for construction from a carriage, specialists of the highest qualification are required than in the situation with the construction of a log house from timber, which is not particularly complex;
at preparatory work ah the distribution is disrupted internal tension wood, resulting in cracks;
Installation of a log frame from a gun carriage is possible only on the manufacturer’s premises.

Features of the construction of houses and baths from gun carriages

Northern pine is used for gun carriage construction. The choice is due to its low cost and acceptable construction properties.
Pre-processing consists of the following steps:

manufacturing a carriage using equipment;
sharpening logs with an electric planer;
markings, which directly affect the quality of construction; therefore, markings are the prerogative of experienced carpenters;
lock cutout (Norwegian bowl). This is careful and hard work that requires certain experience and skills. Using a line, a longitudinal groove is made, which is selected using a chainsaw and an ax;
grinding the edges for a tighter and smoother connection;
antiseptic treatment of the entire surface of the log with specialized compounds in order to prevent rotting and mold.

A hut from a gun carriage... in your own apartment!

After the preparatory work and delivery of the material to the construction site, installation of the carriage begins, which includes the following work:

pouring the foundation, which is covered with waterproofing to prevent damage to the lower logs;
carriage assembly in . This stage is the most labor-intensive and time-consuming, since it is very important to ensure that the connection of the elements is accurate and durable;
— to install doors and windows, cut a 50 mm groove in the openings and insert a guide bar into it. This mechanism for fastening windows and doors ensures their safety when the carriage shrinks. During the final shrinkage of the log house, the window frames will be pressed as tightly as possible against the logs;
the ceiling is often left open to create an original and interesting interior;
finishing of a log house built according to Norwegian technology, can be absolutely anything at the discretion of future residents, but often the walls are covered with a protective compound to preserve their natural beauty.

If desired, the wood can be painted or varnished.

Projects and prices of houses from gun carriages

Today, the carriage is a popular and sought-after material for the construction of houses in different styles. There is a considerable amount standard projects, taking into account the specific characteristics of the material. Each of finished projects can be adapted to a specific customer.

Projects in classic rustic and Scandinavian styles, as well as alpine chalets.

Wooden log houses are traditional for Russia. Not only housing, but also kremlins, temples and even bridges were built from wood. But houses made from gun carriages are new to us. They began to be built not so long ago. But this method of constructing housing from wood has already gained popularity. Experts say that all wooden buildings in the Gulf of Finland area were built using this technology.

What is a carriage

According to a long-standing Russian tradition, it is customary to build houses from sanded round timber, in which the sapwood, or sapwood, was preserved - the layer of logs located directly under the bark. At the corners of the building, round logs were processed in such a way as to form a castle - reliable fastening logs The layers of round timber, or crowns, are connected to each other by spikes about 12 cm long.

Log houses from gun carriages are wooden houses from logs that are processed in a slightly different way. The carriage is obtained by sawing or chopping 2 opposite slabs (rounded parts of the log) with an ax. The resulting flat surfaces are then processed until smooth using a plane. The result is a half-beam.

In our country, a carriage is called one of the types of Norwegian cutting technology. It really does not use a round log, but a log with two hewn sides. The so-called Norwegian lock is used to fasten the benches at the corners. Here, not bowls are cut into the logs, but wedge-shaped recesses with a groove into which spikes hidden from view fit. Thus, the connection is more durable.

Our houses are built from gun carriages using Norwegian technologies. Therefore, a Russian dwelling made from gun carriages has characteristics characteristic of a northern house. This includes the appropriate layout of the premises and the presence of some structural and decorative elements (for example, support pillars outside and inside the building), and type of roof.

Advantages and disadvantages of semi-timber houses

Houses made of gun carriages, like any other structures made of wood or other materials, have their pros and cons.

The advantages of such structures include the following points:

Thanks to the method of processing logs and laying them, a dwelling made from a gun carriage has a large usable area in comparison with a structure of similar external dimensions made of rounded logs. After all, the walls of such houses are thinner than those of log houses.
Both the external and internal walls in the “northern house” have an almost perfectly flat surface. This not only makes the construction from the carriage more beautiful in appearance. Smooth interior walls do not require significant finishing. You can place hanging furniture on them without much hassle, and it is easier to lay various communications. Some people make speculative conclusions that a house made from a gun carriage is colder than a regular one log house from round timber. Experts say that this opinion is wrong. Despite the smaller thickness of the walls, a house made of gun carriages is very warm. This is facilitated by dense masonry and methods of connecting half-timber crowns to each other.
The assertion that such houses are warm is argued by the fact that inhabitants of cold countries have lived in them since ancient times. In addition, they are located on the shores of the northern seas blown by humid winds. Another advantage is that the “Norwegian lock” prevents the carriage from “twisting and turning” when drying and shrinking. Over time, the crowns become more and more tightly adjacent to each other. In addition, caulking the joints of the beds in the crowns will take much less effort, materials and Money. Also, due to the flat shape of the carriage, there is no need to specially trim the log for openings for windows and doors. Thus, a “northern house” can be considered more economical than ordinary log house.

However, “Viking houses”, along with undoubted advantages, also have certain disadvantages:

These include, for example, the fact that due to the processing method, half-beams are more susceptible to rotting than rounded round timber. Indeed, when creating a carriage, the sapwood of a round log is trimmed off. And when it is rounded, it remains on the log and prevents, to a certain extent, deterioration of the material. But, on the other hand, today’s technologies for wooden house construction require mandatory treatment of wood with antiseptics. So you have to spend money on impregnation in any case.
Often, the treatment procedure with antiseptic and fire-retardant impregnations is carried out already at the stage of production of wood building material - be it a rounded log or a gun carriage.
The carriage is made mainly from wood of natural moisture. Therefore, during the process of shrinkage and shrinkage, the half-timber may develop cracks on the surface. But the manufacturers of this material claim that cracking occurs only along the surface, without touching inner layers wood. Thus, cracks do not harm the integrity and warmth of the house. They can only spoil things a little appearance his walls. But even in these “craquelures” you can find a certain zest.