Connecting o and e in complex ones. Difficult words

Difficult words. United o, e in difficult words. Spelling compound words together and with a hyphen

Compound words are formed by combining two or more bases.

Components of compound words can be connected to each other by coordinating or subordinating connection. With the coordinating method of communication, the bases from which complex words are formed are combined as equals, and between them you can put the conjunction and: prime minister, physical-mathematical.

With the contract method of communication, one basis syntactically depends on the second: zalizokat (roll iron), electric welding (weld with electricity), short-term (short time), eloquent (to say eloquently), handwritten (write by hand), car repair (repair cars).

The stems of complex words can be connected using connecting vowels o, e (is) or without them. The letter o is written if the forming stem ends with a hard or hissing consonant: reinforced concrete, man-day, blue-eyed.

The letter e is written if the forming stem ends in a soft consonant: steelmaker. The connective is written after the base, ends with and or an elongated soft consonant: landscape, life-giving. If the first part of such a word is an adjective of the soft group, then before it is written ь: Old Russian.

Compound nouns can be written together or hyphenated.

Compound nouns formed together are written:

1. Of the two bases with the help of connecting vowels o, e, are: stork, farmer, chaerizka, Novopetrovka, Belopole, Krasnovodsk.

2. Without connecting vowels combination

- Verbs in imperative form and nouns: hemlock, tumbleweed, Tyagnyryadno, Gulyaypole;

- Numerals (written in letters) and nouns: decades, but: 10th anniversary, Trypillya, Pyatigorsk.

Compound adjectives can be written together or hyphenated.

Writing together compound adjectives, formed from:

1) compound nouns, which are written together: reinforced concrete, black earth, Novobelichi (Novobelichi), Starokonstantinovsky (Starokonstantinov)

2) phrases with a subordinating connection:

— Noun and adjective: dark-eyed (dark eyes), east (eastern Ukraine), Belaya Tserkovsky ( White church);

- Numerals (written in letters) and nouns: five-story, twenty-five volumes;

— Noun and verb: coal crusher, grain harvester;

— Adverbs and adjectives: above-mentioned, long-term;

— From several adjectives that form the terms modern Greek (language), compound, ancient German, deaf-blind and mute.

Compound adjectives are written with a hyphen:

1) formed from complex nouns that are written with a hyphen: diesel-motor, ex-champion, Pushcha-Voditsky (Pushcha-Voditsa), Ivano-Frankivsk (Ivano-Frankivsk);

2) formed from phrases with a coordinating connection: Russian-Ukrainian, resort-sanatorium, but: cunning, malicious;

3) with the first part, which ends in -iko, (-iko): physico-mathematical, chemical-technological;

4) with the first part military, military: air force, military-industrial. Exception: person liable for military service, prisoner of war;

5) which mean additional shades of quality, color: bitter-salty, dark red. Exception: orange, crimson;

6) which mean the names of the cardinal directions: southwest, northeast;

7) geographical names, which include the names of the cardinal directions: Northwestern Front, Southwestern Railway, but: North Crimean Canal, Western Lowland, Southern Steppe (according to general rule contractual dependence of phrases).

Russian language lesson in 6th grade.

Teacher: Egorova

Albina Vsevolodovna,

Teacher of Russian language

And literature from MBOU

"Secondary school No. 24" Cheboksary

Topic: “Connecting vowels O-E in compound words»

Target:

1. repeat the basic ways of forming words;
2. introduce the method of forming words from the stems of original words using connecting vowels;
3. teach how to choose connectors vowels o-e in complex words;
4. to cultivate interest in words, to show the visual possibilities of word formation.

During the classes

1. Repetition of ways of forming words already known to students

Give a coherent answer to the question: “What are the main ways of forming words in the Russian language do you know?” Illustrate your answer with examples."

Guys, I want to give you a statement from the famous children's writer K.I. Chukovsky:

“Prefixes give Russian speech so many rich shades. The wonderful expressiveness of speech largely depends on them. In the variety of prefixes lies a variety of meaning.” Do you agree with him? Try to prove Chukovsky’s point of view with examples.

Indeed, a prefix can change the meaning of even obviously similar words beyond recognition. For example: contribution, tray, transfer, denunciation, wear, removal, etc.

Form a new word from these words using these prefixes and suffixes. Write down the words and sort them according to their composition:

2. Setting the goal of the lesson:

Working with a table:

Look at the table carefully. What do you think will be discussed in class today? How would you phrase the problem we will be working on today? Determine the objectives of today's lesson.

(The teacher summarizes the children’s answers)

3. Explanation of a new topic

What is special about the words included in the table? (They all have 2 roots)

What vowels are used to connect them? What do you think determines the choice of the vowel –o and –e?

What can you say about the words presented in the third column? Why are they separate?

What would you write on the first line of the table?

Complete the table with your own examples.

Conclusion : Connecting vowel -O is written after hard consonants. Consonants do not follow the rule–zh,-sh,-ts , after which a connecting vowel is written–e.

After the base on a soft consonant, after sibilants and–ts the connecting vowel is written - e.

4.Training exercises

Creative dictation

Replace the phrases with one complex word, underline the consonant on which the choice of connecting vowel depends.

Help mutually (mutual aid)

Love work (hard work)

People of the same surname (namesakes)

One who walks (pedestrian)

One who makes steel (steelmaker)

Logging (logging)

Device for catching mice (mouse trap)

Treatment with mud (mud therapy)

Beetle that eats bark (bark beetle)

The one who swims in the sea (navigator)

5. “Guess the riddle”

Guys, we will continue the vocabulary dictation, only you must write down the words yourself. Write down the word that is the answer to the riddle.

1. I’ll purr, I’ll scream, I’ll fly into the sky (helicopter, plane).

2. It drinks with its tail and gives away with its beak (water supply).

3. It has a rubber trunk, a canvas stomach, and when its motor hums, it swallows both dust and litter (vacuum cleaner).

4. I’ve had a hedgehog living in my room for years.

If you smear the floor with wax, it will rub it to a shine (electric polisher).

5. There is a hole on top, a hole on the bottom, and in the middle there is fire and a hole (samovar).

6. A miracle janitor in front of us, with his raking hands, raked up a huge snowdrift (snow blower) in one minute.

7. A fable bird is flying, and people are sitting inside, talking to each other (airplane).

8. Whatever this eye looks at, it will convey everything in the picture (camera).

"Find yourself a mate"

- Guys, now we are going to play. Each of you will receive a piece of paper on which one or another word is written. Your task is to find a partner and create a complex word using a connecting vowel.

(The table shows an approximate group of words that are given to children)

5. Visual possibilities of word formation

Writers often use well-known word-formation methods to create their own; they are called author's words. For example, famous writer Saltykov-Shchedrin, whom you know from his fairy tales, creates the accusatory words necessary for a satirical depiction of his contemporary society: nonsense brethren, hedgehog sense, foam skimmers, etc.

Modern writers actively use the possibilities of word formation. Let's read Matusovsky's poem, in which the poet forms new words similar to the word forbs (flowering meadows).

Who else could compete?

With this forest greenery?

Summer all your riches

Scatters in front of me.

To note

We haven't been able to yet

Forbs, variety of colors,

The diversity of forests throughout the Earth.

We will never get bored

Never get tired of it

Variety, variety of sounds,

The diversity of these places.

Young birch trees in the neighborhood

Lonely elms are sad

I take it straight to heart

I'm afraid to drop something.

Mint, porridge, lungwort

Here they crowd together in the meadow.

It's time for us to part,

No way I can.

Having become older, no matter how old I am,

I feel more and more

Varieties, variety of fruits,

Various birds of summer days.

Write out complex words from the text, distributing them into two columns. What groups will you divide them into?

What visual and expressive means does the poet use to create the image of a summer day?

6.Reflection

What new way of forming words have we met today?

What determines the choice of connecting vowel?

7. Explanation of homework

I suggest you do word creation. Come up with your own complex words on the theme “Winter”.

Lesson topic: Connecting vowels o - e in complex words (6th grade) (Slide 1)

Motto:“I cannot live without intense mental work. The meaning of life disappears" (Sherlock Holmes) (Slide 2)

Target:

1) Know: about the formation of complex words from the stems of original words using connecting vowels o - e.

2) Be able to: choose the connecting vowels o - e correctly in complex words.

3) Developmental: develop the ability to independently acquire knowledge; develop mental operations: analysis, synthesis, comparison, classification, as well as attention, memory, logical thinking; develop cognitive and creative abilities through a variety of activities.

4) Educational: awakening cognitive interest in Russian language lessons and surrounding phenomena. (Slide 3)

Equipment: Computer, presentation (Application), cards.

During the classes

I. Organizational moment

introduction

Task: Organize students' attention, ensure full readiness for work, familiarize themselves with the work plan.

The bell rang, and we met again at the next lesson, which I would like to begin with the words of Sherlock Holmes: “I cannot live without intense mental work. The meaning of life is disappearing,” which will become the motto of our lesson. (Slide 2)

II. Updating knowledge (Slide 4)

Task: Set up students to perceive new material, repeat material about ways to form words.

Exercise: Read the poem “Merry Poems” and tell how words are formed in the Russian language.

Funny poems

How words grow

Once upon a time many years ago
They planted a strange garden.
There was no fruit garden -
He was only a word.

This word is the root word,
It began to grow soon
And it brought us fruit -
There are many new words.

Here from the garden
Seedlings for you.
Here are some more landings nearby.
Here's a gardener.
The gardener goes with him.
Very interesting
Walk in the verbal garden.
(E. Izmailov)

III. New material

Task: Providing perception of comprehension and primary memorization of knowledge.

1. Research work

Listen to the poem from the program “Baby Monitor” and say what method of word formation it talks about.

The plane flies forward
The locomotive is not far behind
Even at sea a steamer
It also speeds up.

Everyone is in a hurry to find out
How to write them correctly
- These difficult words
They can't stand the letter A.

And if you put the letter O -
The speed will be - wow!
The cook cooks the porridge,
The steelmaker cooks the steel for us,
The horse is led by a horse breeder,
In the sea - the sailor is sailing.

All the names are good,
Just write it correctly.
We are inside these words
Let's not put the letter I,
And let's write E - then
Everyone will say: “This is yes!”

Compound words from the poem are written on the board. (Slide5)

According to the rule mentioned in the poem, insert the missing letters.

The vowels you inserted are called connecting vowels. Why do you think?

Carefully examine both columns and try to formulate a rule for choosing a connecting vowel. Compare it with the rule in the textbook (p. 74).

Formulate the topic of the lesson. What challenges will we face? What should we learn in class? Where will this knowledge be useful?

(Slide 6)

And now my rule about writing connecting vowels O and E when adding words:

There are only two of these vowels:
Letter O and letter E.
If it's hard consonant,
The letter O fits here.
If this sound is soft,
Write the letter E here.

What words are called compound words?

When is the connective o written, and when is the connective e written in compound words?

Make a reference diagram based on the rule you have learned. (Slide 7)

IV. Consolidation of acquired knowledge

Task: Consolidate the acquired knowledge and begin to develop skills in its application.

Intermediate control: monitoring the assimilation of new knowledge.

1. Linguistic mystery (Slide 8)

Can algae grow on land? Find the answer in the word.

2. Vocabulary work (Slide 9)

MANAGER is a specialist who organizes production or commercial activities, organization of foreign trade operations; conducts commercial negotiations.

3. Game "Purchasing Manager"(Slide 10)

Level "5"

Imagine that you are a purchasing manager. Make a list of vehicles whose names would contain the connecting vowels o - e.

Level "4"

"Silent dictation." Write names based on the pictures.

4 . Game "On the Labor Exchange"(Slide 11)

Level "5"

Imagine that you are a manager at a labor exchange. Make a list of professions and occupations needed by our collective farm and region that would have the connecting vowels e - o?

Level “4” (Slide 10)

"Silent dictation." Write the names of the professions and occupations needed by our collective farm, region, in which there would be connecting vowels e - o from the pictures.

Make up sentences. Explain punctuation marks, make a diagram.

5 . Form complex words and complete the sentence(Slide 12)

Any professional activity requires a person to:

• A person who loves work.
• A person who loves knowledge.
• People who help each other.
• A person who strives for a goal.

6. Choose an antonym (Slide 13)

Hostile attitude - ... (friendly)
Lazy student - ... (hardworking)
Serious young man - ... (frivolous)

7. Fill in the square with the crossing words with compound words.

1. Specialist in growing gardens.
2. Locomotive with a steam engine.
3. Channel for smoke exit from the chimney.
4. Russian folk dance game.
5. Forest felled by a storm.
6. Unplanned, spontaneous performance of some business or work.
7. Firearms.

8. Game "Third Man" (Slide 14)

1. Water... wire, earth... shaking, thunder... drain.
2. Water... measure, rain... measure, land... division.
3. Life... description, potatoes... molding stick, books... printing .

9. Working with cards. check yourself

10. Study of the text. Independent work. (The work is done on cards) (Slide 15-16)

Level "5"

Exercise: Read the text. Why is it titled like that? Find and write down the misspelled words.

Stove on wheels.

Guys, remember how Emelya, the fool from the fairy tale “At the Pike’s Command,” rode on the stove straight into the royal chambers? So, “a fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it.” People have long dreamed of moving quickly and without the help of a horse: of a magic carpet, seven-league boots, and at worst, a self-moving stove. Whatever the first inventors came up with: they added pedals, levers, even sails to an ordinary cart, but the cart never moved.

The French engineer Cugnot achieved success for the first time. He “harnessed” the steam engine to the cart, and it set off. The inventor gave his brainchild a name - “car”, which means “self-propelled”. Rumbling and puffing, he crawled over potholes: in front of him was a steam copper boiler, behind him was a heavy box of coal, on a bench the driver would drive a little and stop: he needed to get off and add coal to the firebox so that it wouldn’t go out and so that the steam in the boiler wouldn’t run out - after all, he That's what pushes the car. There is no steam and the wheels don't work. The driver had to stoker every now and then. It was not for nothing that he was called a driver, and “chauffeur” translated from French means “stoker.” So it turns out that the first cars were nothing more than a stove on wheels. (N. Sanina)

A lie, a long time ago, on an airplane, self-propelled, attached, heavy.

Level "4"

Exercise: Read the text. Why is it titled like that? Fill in the missing letters and open the brackets. Underline complex words and highlight their roots. From what words and how are they formed?

Stove on wheels.

Guys, remember how Emelya, the fool from the fairy tale “By the Pike’s Command,” rode...on the stove... straight to the royal chambers...? So, “ska(z,s)ka is a lie(?), yes (in) it is a hint.” People have long dreamed of moving(?) quickly and without help. horses: about... time...flight, seven-league boots, at worst, and about the...moving stove itself.... Whatever the first inventors...thought out: pr... they made pedals, levers, even put sails (on) it to an ordinary t...leg, but the t...leg did not move.

For the first time, the French engineer Cunho achieved success. He “harnessed” a steam engine to the cart, and it set off. The inventor gave his brainchild a name - “car”, which means “self...moving”. Rumbling and puffing, he crawled over potholes: (c) in front of a steam copper boiler, (c) behind a heavy box with coal, on a bench in... the driver, drives a little and stops (?) : you need to get down and throw coal into the firebox so that it (doesn’t) go out and so that the steam in the boiler (doesn’t) run out - after all, it’s the one that’s pushing the... tire. There is no steam, and the scaffolding (does not) work. Every now and then the driver had to...cook. It was not for nothing that he was called a cha...fer, and “ch...fer” translated from French means “stoker”. So it turns out that the first cars were nothing more than a stove on wheels. (N. Sanina.)

V. Reflection

Task: Provide an analysis and assessment of the success of achieving the goal.

What new have you learned?

Have we achieved the goal of the lesson?

Exercise "Profi". Based future profession, why is it necessary to study this topic?

VI. Homework (students' choice)(Slide 17-18)

• Rule on page 71. (Student choice exercises.)
• Exercise No. 168.
• Write riddles in which the answers are complex words.
• Imagine that you are the author of a textbook. You need to create an exercise (card) for 6th grade students using the spelling spelling they have learned. Write out sentences from any text where there are complex words with connecting vowels o - e and “mine” the spelling.

Literature

1. Russian language. 6th grade: lesson plans based on the textbook by M.T. Baranova/S.S. Kolchanova. - Volgograd: Teacher, 2009.
2. Didactic material for the Russian language textbook: D 44 6th grade: Manual in two notebooks: Notebook 1/M.M. Strakevich. - M.: “Svetoch L”, 1998.
3. V. Volina. Russian language reprint - Ekaterinburg: Argo Publishing House, 1996.
4. Russian language. First of September.
5. G.A. Bogdanov. Russian language lessons in 6th grade: Book. for teachers.-3rd ed. - M.: Education, 1999.

Lesson topic: Difficult words. Connecting vowels o and e in compound words.

Goals: know the methods of forming complex words, the condition for choosing connecting vowels O and E; develop spelling vigilance, communication skills, interest in the subject; cultivate a sense of friendship, collectivism, and the ability to conduct educational dialogue

Equipment: presentation , cards.

During the classes:

I. Organizational moment

introduction

The guys, before starting the lesson, looked at each other and smiled.

I wish you all good luck, that our lesson will be kind and bright

II. Updating knowledge

Task: Set up students to perceive new material, repeat material about ways to form words.

Exercise: Read the poem “Merry Poems” and tell how words are formed in the Russian language.

How words grow

Once upon a time many years ago
They planted a strange one garden.
There was no fruit garden -
He was only a word.

This word is the root word,
It began to grow soon
And it brought us fruit -
There are many new words.

Here from garden
To you seedling.
Here's another landings near.
And here gardener.
With him gardener coming.
Very interesting
Walk in garden verbal.
(A.E.IzmailoV)

III Working on a new topic .

1.Video “Complex words in Russian”

2. Determining the topic of the lesson. Write down the numbers and topics of the lesson in your notebook. Compound words. Connecting vowels o and e in compound words.

- What is the topic of our lesson?

The words pedestrian, electric locomotive, steamship, airplane are complex words. They are formed:

adding whole words: boarding school;

stems of words with a connecting vowel: steamship;

parts of a word stem with a whole word: kindergarten;

abbreviated basics: Theater for Young Spectators - Youth Theater.

In compound words, connective O is written after hard consonants, and the connective e– after soft consonants, sibilants and ts.

For example: oil pipeline, airplane, bird catcher.

We found out which words are called complex words, we learned that in the formation of complex words two connecting vowels O and E are involved.

There is also the letter I, which plays this role, but with it we will meet when we study numerals, for example: six-year-olds, so we stayed ABOUT And E. They will be the guests of our lesson today.

(Words are written on the board)

Climber←top, climb

Oil pipeline ← oil, conduct
Pedestrian ← pedestrian, walk
Vegetable cutter ← vegetables, cut
Poultry farm ← poultry, factory

3.Preparation for the perception of the topic. Task: solve riddles

Floats boldly in the sky,
Overtaking birds in flight.
Man controls it.
What's happened? (AIRPLANE)

Swims bravely through the waves,
Without slowing down.
Only the hum of the car is important,
What's happened? (STEAMBOAT)

Every day comes out in the morning
On your daily hike.
Must know all the rules
On the roads... (pedestrian)

What is this method of forming words called?
- Can you guess what such words might be called?

4.Working with the textbook Exercise 5 Page 75 Make a compound word from each pair of words, write it down, underline the connecting vowel o or e. Explain your choice. 5.Task: Find antonyms for these words and explain the choice of connecting vowel.

A lazy student is a hard worker.

A serious young man is frivolous.

Monotonous movement is diverse.

A hostile attitude is a friendly one.

6. Fiznutka

7. Task:

For the words in the left column, select words from the right column that are suitable in meaning. Write down a complex word, graphically indicating the choice of connecting vowel.

8.Crossword

(Each student receives a card with a crossword puzzle and fills it out independently).

1. Specialist in growing gardens.
2. Locomotive with a steam engine.
3. Channel for smoke exit from the chimney.
4. Russian folk dance game.
5. Forest felled by a storm.
6. Unplanned, spontaneous performance of some business or work.
7. Firearms.

9. Vocabulary work

MANAGER is a specialist who is involved in organizing production or commercial activities, organizing foreign trade operations; conducts commercial negotiations.

10. Game "Purchasing Manager"

Imagine that you are a purchasing manager. Make a list of vehicles whose names would contain the connecting vowels o - e.

Imagine that you are a manager at a labor exchange. Make a list of professions and occupations needed by our aul, region, which would have the connecting vowels e-o

11. “Silent dictation.” Write the names from the pictures

12. Creative work.

Task: replace the words with one complex word. (Do it orally).

13. Working with cards. check yourself

Operational control.

Test “True and false statements.”

I make statements, if you agree with him, clap your hands, if you don’t agree, stomp your feet.

1. Compound words are all long words.

2. If the first root ends in a hard consonant, then we write the connecting vowel –O-.

3. After the letters – Ж – and – Ш – it is written – О-.

4. Words that have 2 roots are called complex.

5. In the words gardener, diver, the connecting vowel is -O-.

6. If the first root ends in a soft consonant, then write the connecting vowel -E-.)

VI. Summarizing.

Grading.

Homework: Write riddles in which the answers are complex words