Construction of a house from a gun carriage. Houses made from gun carriages using Norwegian technology: advantages and disadvantages

Carriage is one of the types of lumber that is used for building houses. In this article we will talk about what a carriage is, how it differs from timber or logs, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of houses made from this material.

What is a carriage

Initially, a carriage was called a log, from which a “slab” was cut off from two parallel sides - the bark and part of the trunk. The result was a material that was much more convenient to work with than a regular log, because the same width of the carriages made it possible to make smooth walls. Gradually, the carriage began to be called not only cut logs, but also some types of profiled timber assembled into a “Norwegian castle”, a special type of connection in which a hole is cut out in the upper and lower beam complex shape. The Norwegian castle is a further development of the laying of log cabins, but adapted to new materials, so it uses all best solutions, such as a connection in a lock and an okhryap, in addition, fixation with the help of such a lock increases as it shrinks.

The connection in oblo (from the Old Slavonic “obly”, that is, round) involves cutting or cutting out a bowl in the upper log, the size and shape of which corresponds to the lower log. Thus, each upper crown keeps the crown underneath it from spreading. The connection in the okhryap involves the creation of identical, but 90° rotated locks in the upper and lower beams. The width of the lock is equal to half the diameter of the log, and the depth is equal to a quarter of the diameter.

Pros and cons of carriage houses

In most cases, the carriage is made from logs of natural or high humidity, so the material itself is cheaper than any type of timber, with the exception of double. Read about what double timber is in the article (Houses made of double timber - features of construction technology). Due to the fact that the carriage has high humidity, after the start of shrinkage, cracks begin to cover the saw cut, which are hallmark houses made of rounded logs or timber with natural moisture. If, under the name of a carriage, you are offered a profiled beam with a connection in a Norwegian lock, then the cracks on it will look very ugly and even alien, so it is difficult to call such a beam a carriage. However, many companies call profiled timber of varying humidity, assembled into a Norwegian castle, a carriage, so we will stick to this so as not to cause confusion.

Compared to a log, a carriage, like all types of timber, is less resistant to rot and mold, because a layer of sapwood is cut from its ends, which is highly resistant to these damaging factors. Therefore, the carriage requires more serious protective and aseptic treatment than a peeled or unbarked log. But the main advantage of the carriage is the Norwegian lock, which has one unique quality. The more the wood dries out, the tighter the joint.

Because of this, houses made of gun carriages, such as those in the photo, are very popular, despite the fact that the Norwegian castle is very complex to make and requires great skill. A house assembled into a Norwegian castle is much stronger than any other wooden structure that has to be reinforced with dowels. Therefore, the number of dowels that go into making a house from a gun carriage is always less than what goes into a frame made of logs or sawn timber.

Cost of building a house from a gun carriage (photos of projects)

Construction price of any wooden house consists of the cost:

lumber preparation;
lock cutting;
delivery and storage;
installation

Preparing lumber for a real carriage is inexpensive, since it is enough to trim the log on both sides to ensure the same thickness and remove the bark. A carriage in the shape of a beam is a little more expensive. These materials do not need to be thoroughly dried because the Norwegian lock compensates for the effects of drying. A decorative carriage in the form of a profiled beam will cost much more, because it will have to be dried to a humidity of 12–14%, otherwise the cracks will ruin it appearance at home (see photo). Therefore, the cost of preparing materials depends on what kind of carriage you are interested in.

Cutting locks, if carried out on site, is very expensive, because the Norwegian lock, in terms of complexity of execution, is superior to any other connections, including such as “in the paw” and “in dovetail" If the house kit is prepared at an enterprise, then in the conditions of a woodworking shop there is no difference in the complexity of the lock. Modern equipment can easily cut a lock of any shape, complexity and size. Therefore, the cost of cutting locks directly depends on where this operation will be performed.

The cost of delivering a carriage does not differ from the price of the same operation for any other type of timber, but storage is cheaper because the carriage is not afraid of dampness, unlike profiled or laminated timber. Therefore, the cost of delivery and storage of a carriage is comparable to that of a log or sawn timber with natural moisture content.

The cost of installation directly depends on where the locks will be cut. If the assembly is carried out using a ready-made house kit, then highly qualified workers are not required for this, which means the operation will cost much less. If the house is assembled from sawn timber or logs, which are processed on site, then the services of a specialist who can independently mark and cut the Norwegian lock are very expensive due to the high complexity of the work.

Lafet, timber or log?

A house made from a gun carriage does not have any serious advantages or disadvantages compared to houses made from rounded logs or sawn timber with natural moisture. In appearance, it is inferior to a house made of double, profiled or laminated timber, although some, on the contrary, like the “antique” cracks. Therefore, a house made from a gun carriage is chosen by those who are not bothered by its shortcomings and are satisfied with the low price when using a house kit. If you have to make the carriage or cut the locks on the spot, then the house made from the carriage loses its main advantage - its low price.

Company " Winter forest» offers turnkey houses from gun carriages in the Tver and Moscow regions: design, manufacturing and construction wooden houses By Norwegian technology from the forest winter harvesting. The simplicity and reliability of wooden houses, regardless of the era, remain their undeniable advantages. But every year, the environmental friendliness and aesthetics of such houses become more and more attractive to homeowners.

Projects

The undeniable advantages of houses made from gun carriages

Norwegian carriage called a log, hewn on the sides and used to assemble the walls of houses. It is distinguished from standard cylindrical logs by its special bowl shape with different parameters for the upper and lower fastening elements, which ensures a reliable connection.

This method of assembly got its name - “Norwegian castle”. Houses made from gun carriages, which were the usual home of Norwegians several centuries ago, are becoming increasingly popular in our country thanks to their non-standard but simple construction. Houses made from gun carriages have gained approval due to a number of undoubted advantages:

high level of thermal insulation: a wall thickness of 20 cm due to the truncated sides of the log houses and the tightest possible connection of logs ensures reliable protection from cold and frost;
reliability and durability: a special system for fixing logs ensures a secure fit, eliminating any deformation;
optimal sizes space: the flat surface of the logs ensures smooth external and interior walls, eliminating the need for additional finishing decorative materials, which means interior space the premises remain spacious, and the exterior of the house is beautiful in its naturalness;
convenience of comfortable living: smooth and flat walls allow you to lay all the necessary communications without much effort and special tricks ( electrical wires, plumbing and sewer pipes etc.);
environmental friendliness: in houses made of gun carriages, due to the natural nature of the material, an optimal microclimate for life is established.

Houses built using Norwegian technology from winter forests are distinguished by excellent thermal insulation and are not subject to rotting (the gun carriage passes special treatment protective means).

House made of gun carriages: fast, simple, reliable

At the Winter Forest company you can quickly and easily buy your own house from a gun carriage in the Moscow or Tver region. User reviews will help you make the best decision when choosing a wooden house, and you can order a project at a convenient price now by contacting our specialists in any convenient way.

Today it is becoming popular to build houses from a carriage, which is a double-edged beam: perfectly processed pine logs with a diameter of 330-350 mm, from which the walls and internal partitions. The finished material is chopped logs from 300 to 500 mm in diameter, they are ground on two opposite sides to 180-280 mm. Houses made from gun carriages are warm, functional, have an attractive appearance, and do not require additional finishing with clapboard, siding and other decorative materials. New-fashioned houses are made using Norwegian technology, which is based on a special Norwegian log. Let's take a closer look at what a carriage is, a Norwegian cabin and the features of its implementation.

A house made from a gun carriage is warm, functional, beautiful, and does not require finishing with clapboard or other decorative materials.

Technology and features of cutting in Norwegian

Norwegian felling technology involves preparing a carriage for a log house and laying it down. The log house is the basis of a log house. The log house consists of logs that are stacked horizontally on top of each other, forming crowns. The length of the logs is from 6 m. For good joining of the elements forming the wall, a groove is made on the log located on top, into which the inter-crown insulation is laid. At the corners, the logs are connected with special notches, called locks. The locks have a wedge-shaped profile. The log house is built from wood that has natural moisture. According to Norwegian technology, the material dries in a log house. After construction, the log house is dried, kept for a certain period of time, and then dismantled. The logs are laid with the connection of unsurpassed Norwegian locks, which, when the fire monitor shrinks, self-seal under the force of their mass. When self-sealing, the carriage cannot rotate. The density of the lock depends on the shrinkage: the greater it is, the stronger the lock. It is the most reliable in Norwegian housing construction.

When constructing houses with a Norwegian castle, the material is checked for damage and is selected according to technical specifications and standards. The lumber that has passed the inspection is cleared of bark, the trunks are treated with an environmentally friendly antiseptic based on resins and turpentine, the ends and areas with a violation of the fibrous structure of the tree (cuts, grooves) are treated with special care, then the logs are sorted by length and shape, while precise measurements are taken, All kinds of growths, protrusions, and defects are removed. Then the material arrives at the construction site, where the cutting of the log house begins.

The structure is cut to its natural size. After the cutting process is completed, all logs are marked according to the assembly drawings. The log house is dismantled, the material is loaded onto transport and delivered to the assembly site, and installed on the foundation. During installation, gelling is carried out, the installation of special pins (dowels, wooden nails made of hardwood), which are installed (placed) inside the beams. Dowels prevent movement of the outer elements during the process, maintaining the vertical position of the wood walls. Then the installation of the roof, windows and doors, painting of the house, engineering work, finishing, and landscaping of the surrounding areas are carried out.

Distinctive features of houses made from gun carriages

In the manufacture of gun carriages and the construction of gun carriage houses, the following are used:

band sawmill with electronic and hydraulic systems;
compasses with built-in levels;
impact drill;
chainsaw;
Norwegian axes of a specific shape;
plane;
machine;
adze;
truck crane;
cargo equipment;
lifting equipment;
transport.

Modern sawmills have the ability to work with materials up to 11 m in length, which is very important when constructing houses with long walls. The flat and smooth surface of the material allows you to save on finishing, since the carriage, processed to an ideal state, does not need plating.

Type of connection of logs into a “Norwegian castle”

When considering in detail the question of what a carriage is, one cannot help but touch upon its advantages and disadvantages. How to use the carriage building material has many advantages when building houses. The walls inside and outside the building are flat. After grinding, they acquire a smooth surface and do not require additional finishing. Walls make it possible to easily install wires, cables and pipes. Usable area the house increases, furniture, wall and wall cabinets and other structures fit perfectly into the interior, decorative elements, while wooden frame makes it possible to make maximum use of the internal space. Thanks to the use of a Norwegian castle fire monitor houses strong, durable, warm.

The carriage is made from pine and larch, which are characterized by resistance to rotting. Moisture is prevented from entering the log house. The advantage of a wooden house is the ease of construction of unplanned window and doorways, healthy internal microclimate due to the use of environmentally friendly materials, low humidity and good ventilation. The thickness of the walls from the carriage reaches 200 mm, does not require insulation, the walls are characterized by good sound and heat insulation, the “Norwegian lock” connection ensures the reliability and rigidity of the structure. The disadvantages of houses made from gun carriages include the removal during processing of the top layer of wood, which is the strongest, the material has cracks and breaks in the wood structure on narrow surfaces, and the length of time the timber subsides to gain structural strength.

The use of a carriage in construction makes it possible to build a beautiful, reliable, practical, warm home with an excellent indoor climate.

In our article we will talk about the Norwegian technology of constructing houses from rounded wooden trunks. We will tell you what a carriage is, what and how it is made from, and we will look at the design features of the walls. You will also learn what are the advantages and disadvantages of houses made from gun carriages.

Houses built from solid logs are considered to be the hallmark of the Russian village. Skilled craftsmen in wooded areas, using primitive tools, created real masterpieces of wooden architecture. True, as it turned out, not only in Russia they knew how to build houses from long logs. Norwegian carpenters also knew a lot about wooden joints and highly reliable structures; they have long built houses from logs processed in a special way, which were called carriages.

Carriage - what is it?

A carriage is a semi-oval log, sawn and planed on both sides so that two rounded planes parallel to each other are obtained. Conventionally, it can be considered a board with rounded edges. The size of this element is usually standard and is: 240x400 millimeters.

There is also an analogue to the term “carriage” - a gable beam.

Any type of construction wood can be used as a material for making a carriage, but most often it is pine.

In contrast to prefabricated laminated long lengths, this product is more demanding on the quality of the raw materials:

Only high quality wood is used to produce the carriage.
The trunk must have a uniform structure along its entire length, since the slightest defects cannot be removed or replaced.
Only wood with normal humidity, ranging from 12 to 15 percent, can be processed.
In other respects, the elements of the log house correspond to the well-known rounded log.

Features of a log house from a gun carriage

IN Norwegian log house The logs are fastened using the so-called “Norwegian lock”. At first glance the crowns look like a standard 900 harness, but the secret is hidden inside. Complex cutting can only be done by a careful and skilled carpenter.

Showing how to make this cut is quite difficult, just like teaching from a book. This is the main reason for the low spread of the mentioned technology. The connection takes a long time to complete, besides, this work is highly precise and requires adjustments - among carpenters it is called “furniture”.

Why such difficulties? A complex cutting has several objectives that subsequently justify the time spent:

A higher number of nested angles improves mechanical reliability.
The increased contact area between the two elements increases the friction force in the pair.
The design of the notch contributes to the optimal distribution of the load inside the ligament, its compaction and strengthening. That is, the load from the weight of the walls is directed to strengthening the connection directly between the crowns.
Foreign fastenings are excluded: there are no points of excess stress, since the load is evenly distributed throughout the entire structure.

This “multidisciplinary” approach to connecting crowns is fully justified. After all, it is obvious that the additional time spent on the log house during the construction process will result in years and even decades of problem-free operation in the future. In other words, the Norwegians managed to extract the maximum from the structural features of the tree trunk, using a reasonable approach and original technology.

Pros and cons of log houses from gun carriages

Advantages of the material

natural, environmentally friendly raw material – wood. Convenience of processing and installation of other elements (lathing, stairs, ceilings, etc.);
centimeters are not lost indoors. Logs protruding inside the sides are one of the main problems of all log houses built from logs with round. But walls made of gun carriages have the appearance of calibrated timber; they do not require further processing and coating (except for grinding and antiseptic);
assembly of a log house does not require electricity (except for lighting) and metal fasteners, which reduces the cost of building a house;
the connection of the crowns strengthens the ligament during settlement and increasing load on the walls;
a wood thickness of 240 millimeters is equivalent in thermal conductivity to 380 millimeters brickwork one and a half bricks.

Disadvantages of the material

complex, expensive and labor-intensive construction process. The log house is assembled at a landfill, then marked, and then disassembled for subsequent transportation;
in 90% of cases it is a unique custom-made project. That is, construction will have to be planned in advance, about two years in advance, so that the material for it has time to be prepared;
even in the form of a carriage, such a log still has all the “wooden” problems: wear due to weathering, freezing, instability to insects, rot and fire hazard. In addition, like any solid wood log house, it needs antiseptic every two to three years and caulking every 3 to 6 years.

Worth knowing about gun carriage houses

It is often very difficult to find specialists who are able to perform quality cutting and installation. In this case, the prefabricated kit has to be transported from afar, and this increases transportation costs. Although, on the other hand, this can be considered as an advantage, because the house can be delivered to any place.

A house built from a gun carriage - ideal option for those who consider structures made from solid logs to be the best. Undoubtedly, in terms of reliability of fastening and load distribution, the Norwegian notch can be classified as best example engineering solution. Therefore, European technical thought, along with a thrifty attitude towards resources, is rightfully conquering our market, promoting high-quality technical solutions and environmentally friendly materials.

Norwegian cabin gained great popularity in the Scandinavian countries. In Russia, some call this kind of felling a blockhouse.
Material for construction. For log houses, a carriage is used (an oval double-edged beam or block having a thickness of about 15 - 25 cm). The thickness of the carriage is limited mainly by the diameter of the wood. Basically, the fire monitor is made from thick logs with a diameter of 30-50 cm, and the best suitable tree- this is pine or cedar. These sizes of logs used give the house a more impressive appearance. In addition, due to the height of the rise, in a wall made of a carriage there are fewer crowns, therefore the number of joints is reduced and the wall becomes warmer and more airtight, reducing heat loss in the house during gusty winds.
The main feature of the Norwegian cabin is the individual method of self-locking corner joint, which is called the “Norwegian lock”.
A distinctive feature of the Norwegian log house is the design of the lock; when it shrinks, the castle sags and gets jammed in the cups: the upper crowns rest against the lower ones, and the log house itself is pressed with its weight; this has become one of the reasons for the popularity of the ground roof in such log houses (photo below).

Why is this happening? The Norwegian cup is wedge-shaped and has a very smooth surface. The edges of the bowl are cut at a certain angle, and when the log dries, the carriage is under own weight begins to sag and prevents the appearance of cracks between the bowls. Also, a spike is made at the bottom of the bowl, under which a corresponding joint is ground into the log.
Due to the wedge-shaped shape and smooth joints surfaces, the connection is reliably jammed under load in the bowls, and the spike will prevent the lock from blowing out. Thanks to the tightness of the connection, water does not enter, which reduces the risk of wood rotting. The “wedge to wedge” cutting technology, thanks to the high density of the connection, will prevent the carriage from turning and will limit the rims from deformation due to possible stresses. On the contrary, during the use of the log house, compaction will occur between the crowns.
The features of the Norwegian castle are to prevent heat loss in corner connections and minimizing wood shrinkage problems. Accordingly, a wooden house made from a carriage will not require additional caulking of the walls. I would also like to remind you that there is also such a positive point as the ability not to produce additional internal or exterior finishing walls (lining, siding, etc.) This will greatly reduce the cost of building materials.
Unlike a round log, a carriage has a little more cracking, this is because when the carriage is sawed, the cut wood loses its strength. When drying the carriage, longitudinal cuts are made at the top and bottom, which are hidden from view between the upper and lower crowns.
The process of Norwegian felling is very labor-intensive, and almost all operations are performed manually.

Characteristics of the log houses we produce from Lafet.

Types of cutting: Norwegian cutting, Diamond cutting, Canadian cutting.
Log diameter: 28-45 cm.
Carriage width: 20-24 cm.
Carriage height (lift): 28-45 cm.
Wood: pine, spruce, cedar, larch.
The price for manufacturing a log frame into a gun carriage is indicated.

Stages of cutting a log into a carriage:

Selection of wood. Logs are checked for absence of mechanical and biological (fungus, blue stain) damage.

Making a carriage (block) on a sawmill.
The logs are then processed with a plane
Grinding.

Aligning the first crown on the level.
At the same time, the grooves of the log house are processed antiseptic for the construction period. We use several that have proven themselves: Senezh Vinta and Senezh Tor.
A little trick: we add a coloring pigment to the Senezh Vinta antiseptic (the coloring pigment disappears after 2 months), so as not to miss untreated areas.
Why do you need to do processing? When cutting, the grooves and locks of the log house are poorly ventilated and during drying, condensation collects faster than it evaporates. Of course, after felling the log house is disassembled and the logs have time to ventilate, but before this time the appearance of moisture is inevitable. We are not changing our minds, we are simply sharing our experience.

We treat the ends of the log house with Senezh Tor. In the photo above, the ends of the log house are white - this is Senezh Tor.

Log cutting.
At the request of the client, the carriage can be made in several ways.
If necessary, an unloading cut is made in the carriage.
During assembly, gelling is carried out.

Our chips.

Independent selection of wood from the plot.
Own large construction site.
Own crane and tractor.
Debarker.
A special feature for Norwegian cutting.
We use a fading pigment (described above).
Preparing the roof at the construction site.
Great experience.
The project is done by whoever will do the cutting!