Destroyed Chechen militants. Reference

“Jihad” was the code name for the operation to storm Grozny, undertaken by Chechen militants in August 1996. From a military point of view, the assault on Grozny did not end in victory for either side.
But if you look at political consequences, Operation Jihad was extremely effective: government forces left the city, and the signing Khasavyurt agreements marked the end of the First Chechen War. How did the events develop in Grozny and around Grozny in August 1996?

Balance of power

The garrison of Grozny at that time consisted of 6,000 people. This number included soldiers of the internal troops and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. About 10,000 military personnel of the Ministry of Defense were concentrated in Khankala and in the area of the Severny airport. In Grozny, there were 22 checkpoints, 5 commandant's offices and 2 commandant's stations. All checkpoints were supplied with ammunition, water and food. Many objects that could be of interest to the attackers were turned into strongholds. However, Grozny is Big City, which attracts more than 100 roads. Only 33 of them were under the control of federal forces. The total number of militant units that entered the Chechen capital, according to Maskhadov, was only 850 militants. Other sources talk about 1.5-2 thousand fighters. Speaking about the numerical superiority of federal troops over the militants, we should not forget that during the week of fighting the number of Maskhadovites increased to 6 thousand due to the transfer of reinforcements.

Militant tactics

It would be incorrect to call the militants’ tactics an assault in the strict sense of the word. They did not storm the city, but simply entered it. The accumulation of forces in the suburbs of the city began long before August; some militants entered the city under the guise of civilians. On August 6, at 5.00 am, Chechen troops began to enter Grozny, cleverly taking advantage of deficiencies in the location of checkpoints, and moving along routes uncontrolled by federal troops. At the same time, the militants did not set as their goal the capture of all objects occupied by federal units. The tactic was to block checkpoints and commandant's offices. The main blow was dealt to the Government House, the buildings of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the FSB and other administrative buildings in the city center.

Fighting in Grozny

On August 6, the day the assault began, units of the Ministry of Defense, which were located at the Severny airport and at the base in Khankala, almost did not react to the situation in the City. The army generals believed that the “allied forces” from the Ministry of Internal Affairs would cope with the situation on their own, and were in no hurry to help. Only in the evening of August 7, armored columns were sent to help the besieged. However, time was lost, and the Chechen detachments were able to organize ambushes along the route of movement of the columns of federal forces. Only on August 11, one of the columns from the 205th motorized rifle brigade made its way into the center of Grozny to the complex of government buildings. It became possible to evacuate the wounded, journalists and bodies of the dead. The commander of the combined group of federal forces, General Pulikovsky, ordered the introduction of assault troops into the city. The militants put up active resistance. The situation of the government forces surrounded in Grozny remained very difficult, and our losses were growing. But by August 13, the situation began to improve, federal troops unblocked most of the encircled objects. Aslan Maskhadov's adventure was close to failure. The militants suffered serious losses and found themselves surrounded. A group of units of the 58th Army deployed around Grozny. However, federal troops did not receive an order to completely liquidate the militants.

Pulikovsky's ultimatum

General K. B. Pulikovsky, commander of the combined group of federal forces, was extremely determined, intending to destroy all separatist forces in the cauldron. He presented an ultimatum to the surrounded militants: to surrender within 48 hours, otherwise a powerful blow would be dealt to the city using all the heavy artillery and aircraft. The civilian population was given an exit corridor. According to eyewitnesses, the militants did not doubt Pulikovsky’s determination, and his words truly frightened the field commanders. The militants found themselves in a hopeless situation, they were running out of ammunition, and there was no hope for reinforcements. Pulikovsky’s decision was assessed extremely negatively by a number of publicists, who said that if his ultimatum had been implemented, a large number of civilians would have died in Grozny, who simply would not have had time to use the corridor provided by the federals, and the federal units that were still present would also have suffered losses. in the city.

Signing of the Khasavyurt Agreements

Even before the expiration of the ultimatum, Secretary of the Russian Security Council A.I. Lebed, vested with the powers of the representative of the President of the Russian Federation in the Chechen Republic, arrived in Chechnya. Oligarch Boris Berezovsky came with him. Lebed immediately canceled Pulikovsky's order, declared that the Russian army was demoralized and incapable of fighting, and insisted on continuing negotiations with the militants. The militants who escaped final defeat considered this a manifestation of the will of Allah and a real miracle. The negotiations ended on August 31 with the signing of the Khasavyurt Agreements. The first Chechen war is over.

Losses

From August 6 to August 22, federal forces in Grozny lost 2,083 people (494 killed, 1,407 wounded, 182 missing). 18 tanks, 61 infantry fighting vehicles, 8 armored personnel carriers, 23 vehicles were burned, and 3 helicopters were shot down. It is difficult to name the exact losses of the militants. However, there is evidence that militant losses exceeded Russian losses by 2-3 times.

Results

Commander of the 58th Army of the North Caucasus Military District, General G. N. Troshev, author of the book of memoirs “My War. Chechen diary of a trench general,” he wrote about the results of the storming of Grozny: “Perhaps never before in Russia have generals been so powerless and helpless in a war due to the pressure of civilians who are complete amateurs in military matters. ... And if you evaluate the moral side of the matter, then you won’t be able to find the right words. Because in Chechnya, a fighter... perceived himself as a defender of the unity and dignity of the Motherland, his enemies were afraid... And after fleeing from Chechnya (under the stick of Lebed and Berezovsky) he felt spat upon and disgraced. The whole world laughed at him. “Tiny Chechnya defeated great Russia!” - that’s the rumor that spread around the world.” According to General Troshev, if it had been possible to destroy the militants then, there would have been no Second Chechen War, terrorist attacks in Moscow, Volgodonsk, etc., as well as aggression in Dagestan. Much of Pulikovsky's plan was implemented during the storming of Grozny in 1999-2000, which put an end to the active stage of the Second Chechen Campaign.

9 January 1996, militants attacked the Russian city of Kizlyar (Republic of Dagestan).
The militants, numbering about 350 people, acted under the command of Salman Raduev and Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov. The initial goal is to eliminate the helicopter base of the federal forces and take hostages among the federal security forces. However, it didn’t work out. As a result of a clash with federal forces and local police, the militants tried to capture the city, train station and airport. After local battles throughout the city, the militants took hostages among the civilian population (about 3,000 people) and established themselves in the local maternity hospital, because it is much more convenient to fight behind the backs of pregnant women - the militants managed to repeat the Budyonnovsky scenario...

The next day troops entered the city. Some of the militants remained to hold the bridge over the Terek on the approach to the city. By the end of the day, 32 people were killed and 64 were injured.
At that time, the militants never entered into negotiations with the command of the federal forces, who blocked the neighborhoods near the hospital.

Taking advantage of the situation, Salman Raduev demanded that the Russian leadership withdraw troops from the territory of Chechnya and North Caucasus. Of course, no one agreed to this, but the militants were released on buses with hostages from the maternity hospital. It would be madness to storm it. For every Chechen killed, the militants threatened to shoot 15 civilians.

The return route of Raduev’s group passed through the territory of Dagestan along the border with Chechnya. The militants wanted to switch to their side in the area of the village of Pervomaiskoye, located 300 meters from the border.

Near the border Aksai River, a convoy of buses with militants and hostages (165 people) was stopped by warning fire from helicopters (which hit an escort vehicle of the Dagestani traffic police). The federal authorities were not going to allow the militants with hostages into the territory of Chechnya: it was assumed that they would free the people at the border. The militants intended to travel further with the hostages, to Dudayev’s headquarters in the village of Novogroznensky.

After the shelling, the convoy returned to the village of Pervomaiskoye, where the militants, hiding behind hostages, disarmed the Russian police checkpoint. The riot police had orders not to shoot at the buses. As a result, the number of prisoners from the militants increased by 37 policemen from Novosibirsk, they grabbed their weapons, communications and armored personnel carriers.

On January 11-14, militants fortified themselves in Pervomaisky. The village was blocked by federal troops. The militants began to prepare for the assault, forcing the prisoners to dig trenches. Russian Interior Minister Anatoly Kulikov and FSB Director Mikhail Barsukov arrived at the scene of the events. Negotiations have reached a dead end. Raduev constantly changed his demands. He insisted that Grigory Yavlinsky, Boris Gromov, Alexander Lebed and Yegor Gaidar become either mediators in the negotiations or voluntary hostages. He demanded that Prime Minister Viktor Chernomyrdin participate in the negotiations.

On January 16, 1996, in the Turkish port of Trabzon, a group of terrorists seized the passenger ferry Aurasia, threatening to shoot the Russian hostages and then blow up the ship. The terrorists demanded to stop the assault on the village of Pervomaiskoye, where the surrounded bandit group of Salman Raduev was located.

On the night of January 18, a group of militants approached from the direction of Pervomaisky and tried to unblock Raduev’s group. She pulled the forces onto herself, forcing the Dagestan riot police to move away from Pervomaisky.

In the same place, at 3 o’clock in the morning, the militants made a breakthrough. The bandits carried out a powerful three-minute fire raid, and then shouted “Allahu Akbar!” rushed to attack. On the rampart where our trenches were located, it came to hand-to-hand combat. They chopped with knives and spatulas. 150 militants in this area were opposed by no more than fifty special forces from the 22nd brigade of the North Caucasus Military District. (memoirs of Colonel General Gennady Troshev). When the terrible picture of the night battle opened up in the morning, it turned out that they had killed the entire first wave of militants. During the breakthrough, 39 militants were killed. 153 corpses of militants were found at the battle site and on the outskirts of the village, and 28 bandits were captured.

On January 18, the village was stormed. The decision to launch the operation was made after the news of the execution of elders and several policemen. Federal troops lost 26 killed and 93 military personnel wounded during the operation. In those days, nothing was known about the fate of the militant leader Salman Raduev.

Scheme of the assault on the village of Pervomaisky.

It later turned out that Raduev and a small group of militants with hostages still managed to get through the ring and escape to Chechnya. The militants escaped the encirclement using a gas pipe laid over the Aksai River.

The GRU Alpha detachment lost five killed and six seriously wounded. And that’s from our own people. After the battle in Pervomaisky, they were handing over equipment to conscripts and one of the soldiers accidentally leaned in the wrong place and pressed the electric trigger of the Thunder gun. The shot immediately “blown away” several people. By that time, Barsukov had already reported that there were no losses in Alpha...

February 9, 1996 The State Duma decided to grant amnesty to participants in “illegal actions” in Kizlyar and Pervomaisky, subject to the release of the remaining hostages. During the terrorist attack, the militants executed about 200 hostages, mostly Avars and Lezgins.

For the attack on the maternity hospital, the Dagestanis nicknamed Raduev “Gynecologist”, and the authorities sentenced the leader to death penalty. There were hotheads in Dgestan who were planning a similar campaign to plunder populated areas in Chechnya.

In March 2000, Salman Raduev was arrested by the FSB and transported to Moscow to the Lefortovo pre-trial detention center. A year and a half later, he was sentenced to life imprisonment, and in December 2002 he died in a maximum security colony in Perm from internal hemorrhage in the backside.

According to the Moscow News publication, the authorities allocated 250 million non-denominated rubles as compensation to residents of Pervomaisky, and each family received a VAZ-2106 car...

Happy memory to those who died at the hands of terrorists...

Info and photos (C) Internet

In December 1991, elected President of the Checheno-Ingush Republic former general Soviet army D. Dudayev announced the creation of the Republic of Ichkeria and its secession from Russia. Since the summer of 1994 they returned to Chechnya once fighting between “pro-Dudaev” militants and opposition forces. December 9 President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin signed the Decree “On measures to suppress the activities of illegal armed groups on the territory of the Chechen Republic.”

Photographer V. Podlegaev. Commander of the United Group of Federal Forces of the Russian Federation in Chechnya, Lieutenant General A.A. Romanov (center) and Chief of the Main Staff of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic A. Maskhadov (left) during negotiations. Chechen Republic. June 16, 1995. RIA Novosti

Two days later, units of the Russian Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Internal Affairs entered the territory of Chechnya, and on December 31, bloody battles for Grozny began. Using aviation and heavy weapons, the United Group of Forces (OGV) gradually expanded the territories it controlled, pushing the militants into the mountains. In June 1995, a detachment of militants took hundreds of people hostage in a hospital in Budennovsk (Stavropol Territory). In order to save the lives of citizens, the Russian government agreed to begin peace negotiations with representatives of Ichkeria.

However, negotiations broke down in October 1995, and hostilities continued. The conflict has become a difficult test for Russia and its security forces. In the eyes of the world community, Russia's authority has suffered serious damage. Anti-war sentiment increased within the country. In August 1996, taking advantage of the lack of clear political instructions to the OGV command from the Russian leadership, the militants captured Grozny. Under these conditions, President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin decided to hold peace negotiations. On August 30, an agreement was signed in Khasavyurt on the withdrawal of troops and the “freezing” of the status of Chechnya for five years.

Photographer V. Vyatkin. Paratroopers of a separate artillery battalion of the 247th Stavropol Airborne Regiment of the Russian Federation at the forefront. Chechen Republic. November 1, 1999. RIA Novosti

Continuous terrorist acts, attacks, and kidnappings have turned the south of Russia into a front-line zone. In August 1999, Chechen militants invaded Dagestan and captured several villages in the border areas. As a result of the military operation of the North Caucasus Military District in August-September 1999, the bulk of the militants were eliminated.

Photographer I. Mikhalev. A Russian soldier before the start of hostilities. Chechen Republic. May 12, 1996. RIA Novosti

In retaliation for the losses, in September the militants carried out a series of terrorist attacks with hundreds of casualties, blowing up residential buildings in Buinaksk, Moscow and Volgodonsk. In October 1999, a counter-terrorist operation began in Chechnya. During the winter-spring period of 1999/2000, troops created by decree of the President of the Russian Federation of the United Group of Forces (OGV(s)) pushed Chechen extremists to the south, cutting off the mountainous regions of Chechnya from the flat part of the republic.

Photographer H. Bradner. The movement of militants towards the presidential palace under artillery fire. Grozny. Chechen Republic. January 1995. Photo courtesy of J. Butler (UK)

On February 7, 2000, Grozny was liberated. Russian troops were faced with the task of eliminating numerous groups of militants in mountainous areas. The enemy introduced guerrilla warfare tactics, operating in the territories of both Chechnya and neighboring republics. As a result of the operation, the illegal armed formations of Ichkeria were defeated. However, battles with gangs continued for another eight long years.

Photographer Yu. Pirogov. Russian military personnel killed in battle. Area of the Severny airport, Chechen Republic. January 10, 1995. RIA Novosti

The counter-terrorist operation regime in Chechnya was canceled only on April 16, 2009. According to General Staff The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, in total, during the period of military operations in 1992-2009, without return, the losses of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and other law enforcement agencies in Chechnya amounted to over 8,500 people killed and dead, 510 people captured and missing, and over 70,000 people wounded.

Dzhokhar Dudayev congratulates his guards on Independence Day. Chechen Republic, Grozny. 1994

A column of armored vehicles enters Grozny. Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. (Otherwise the Chechen Republic). RF. December 12, 1994.

Chechen women during an anti-Russian rally in front of the parliament building. Grozny. Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. (Otherwise the Chechen Republic). RF. December 15, 1994.

Photographer Eric Bouvet. Russian soldiers say goodbye to their fallen comrade. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. 1995

The separatist rests during the fighting. Grozny, Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. January 1995.

Photographer Yu. Tutov. Russian soldiers during a break between battles. Chechen Republic. January 12, 1995. RIA Novosti

Photographer N. Ignatiev. Engineering reconnaissance of the railway track on the bridge over the river. Terek. Chechen Republic. January 1995. Photo courtesy of J. Butler (UK)

Photographer Christopher Morris. Chechen militants in the basement of a residential building. Grozny. Chechen Republic. RF. January 1995.

Federal soldiers during breaks between battles. Grozny. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. January 1995.

Russian soldiers during the assault on Grozny. Chechen Republic. RF. January-February 1995.

Transfer of units Russian army across the Sunzha River. Grozny. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. February 7, 1995.

Photographer Yu. Tutov. Presidential palace. Grozny. Chechen Republic. February 17, 1995. RIA Novosti

A combined detachment of fighters from the Tyumen OMON, SOBR, and Ural RUBOP is conducting a counter-terrorism operation in the combat zone. Grozny. Chechen Republic. RF. April 1995.

Sergeant Misunov. 7th Guards Airborne Division. Neighborhood of Shatoy. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. 1995

Tank driver Alexey Stepanov. 7th Guards Airborne Division. Near Shatoi. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. 1995

Photographer Oleg Klimov. Federal checkpoint. Grozny. Chechen Republic. May 1995.

Photographer Eric Bouvet. Russian soldiers. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. May 1995.

Life on the city streets. Grozny, Chechen Republic, Russian Federation. May 1995.

Photographer I. Mikhalev. Soldiers of the United Group of Federal Forces of the Russian Federation at a rest stop. Chechen Republic. May 25, 1996. RIA Novosti

Photographer V. Podlegaev. Handing over weapons to illegal armed groups. S. Zandag. Chechen Republic. August 16, 1995. RIA Novosti

Photographer I. Mikhalev. Russian soldiers before the start of hostilities. Chechen Republic. May 12, 1996. RIA Novosti

Photographer S. Gutsiev. View of Minutka Square in Grozny. Chechen Republic. May 15, 1996. RIA Novosti

The commander of a detachment of Chechen militants, terrorist Shamil Basayev during the seizure of a hospital in Budennovsk. Budennovsky district. Stavropol region, Russian Federation. June 19, 1995.

Photographer Alexander Nemenov. Russian soldier. Chechen Republic. RF. 1996

Photographer D. Donskoy. Meeting of the President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin with soldiers and officers of the 205th motorized rifle brigade of the federal forces of the Russian Federation in the North Caucasus. Chechen Republic. May 28, 1996. RIA Novosti

Child on Mira Street. Grozny. Chechen Republic. RF. August 1996.

Photographer - Thomas Dworzak. Punishment for drunkenness according to Sharia law. Grozny. Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. (otherwise the Chechen Republic). RF. August 1996.

Photographer I. Mikhalev. Member of illegal armed groups during a battle. Staropromyslovsky district of Grozny, Chechen Republic, August 14, 1996, RIA Novosti

Chairman of the ChRI government Shamil Basayev presents a personalized pistol to Joseph Kobzon “For support of the ChRI.” Grozny. Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (otherwise the Chechen Republic). RF. Summer 1997.

Pupils of the Military College of the Armed Forces of ChRI. The unrecognized republic of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (otherwise the Chechen Republic). RF. 1999

Photographer: Vladimir Vyatkin. During the entry of federal forces into the city. Gudermes. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. January 1999.

Photographer: Oleg Lastochkin. Residents of the village of Znamenskoye in the Nadterechny district, located in the combat zone, are leaving their homes. Chechen Republic. RF. October 1999.

Photographer O. Lastochkin. Mi-24 combat helicopter patrols over the location Russian troops. Chechen Republic, October 16, 1999. RIA Novosti

The crew of the BMP-2 near the road to Grozny. Samashki village. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. December 1999.

Photographer Yu. Kozyrev. Russian paratroopers repulse an attack by Chechen militants after being ambushed near Tsentoroi. Chechen Republic. December 16, 1999. Photo courtesy of Yu. Kozyrev

Photographer Yu. Kozyrev. Carrying the wounded out of the battle. Tsentoroi area. Chechen Republic. December 16, 1999. Photo courtesy of Yu. Kozyrev

Photographer Yu. Kozyrev. Carrying the wounded out of the battle. Tsentoroy district, Chechen Republic. December 16, 1999. Photo courtesy of Yu. Kozyrev

Photographer Yu. Kozyrev. Paratroopers after the battle. Tsentoroy district, Chechen Republic. December 16, 1999. Photo courtesy of Yu. Kozyrev

Photographer A. Kondratyev. And about. President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin among the fighters of the Russian federal forces in the North Caucasus. Chechen Republic. December 31, 1999, RIA Novosti

Photographer Yuri Kozyrev. Russian soldiers during a break between battles. Grozny. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. January 2000.

Photographer Natalya Medvedeva. Combined detachment of the 2nd separate special-purpose brigade of the GRU. Shatoi district. Chechen Republic. RF. February 2000.

Soldiers of the 101st Special Operational Brigade of the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The inscription on the BMP - “Even if she is wrong - she is my Motherland!” Grozny. Chechen Republic. February 9, 2000.

Scouts of the Guard platoon of Lieutenant Kozhemyakin D.S. shortly before the battle at Hill 776. Shatoi district. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. February 29, 2000.

Photographer Sergey Maximishin. A child plays with a cat at one of the checkpoints. Grozny. Chechen Republic. RF. year 2000.

45th Separate Guards Regiment special purpose patrols the mountain gorge of the Bass River. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. March-April 2000.

Photographer V. Vyatkin. The death of Sergei Timoshin, a serviceman of the 6th company of the 10th regiment of the Russian Airborne Forces. Chechen Republic. April 1, 2000. RIA Novosti

Photographer V. Vyatkin. Rest after a combat operation. Chechen Republic. April 1, 2000. RIA Novosti

After the assault on the village of Komsomolskoye. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. year 2000.

Photographer V. Vyatkin. A special operation of a unit of the Russian Airborne Forces to identify and destroy the base camps of Chechen gangs in the mountain gorge of the river. Bass, Chechen Republic. April 1, 2000. RIA Novosti

Photographer V. Vyatkin. An operation of a special reconnaissance detachment of the 45th Airborne Regiment of the Russian Federation to identify and destroy gangs in the mountain gorge of the river. Bass, Chechen Republic. April 1, 2000, RIA Novosti

Militia from among local residents at the parade in memory of the fallen Dagestani soldiers and local residents during the invasion of Chechen militants. Agvali village. Tsumadinsky district. The Republic of Dagestan. RF. October 2000.

Raid of a special forces reconnaissance group of airborne troops in the vicinity of the Baath River. The vicinity of the villages of Khatuni, Kirov-Yurt and Makhkety. Vedensky district. Chechen Republic. Russian Federation. October 5, 2000.

Some of the photos are taken from the book: Military chronicle Russia in photographs. 1850s - 2000s: Album. - M.: Golden-Bi, 2009.

MASKHADOV Aslan (Khalid) Alievich Elected in 1997, President of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Born on September 21, 1951 in Kazakhstan. In 1957, together with his parents, he returned from Kazakhstan to his homeland, to the village of Zebir-Yurt, Nadterechny district of Chechnya. In 1972 he graduated from the Tbilisi Higher Artillery School and was sent to Far East. He went through all the steps of the army hierarchical ladder from platoon commander to division chief of staff.

In 1981 he graduated from the Leningrad Artillery Academy named after. M.I.Kalinina. After graduating from the academy, he was sent to the Central Group of Forces in Hungary, where he served as a division commander, then as a regiment commander. Lithuania follows Hungary: commander of a self-propelled artillery regiment, chief of staff of the missile forces and artillery of the garrison of the city of Vilnius in Lithuania, deputy commander of the seventh division in the Baltic Military District.

In January 1990, during protests by supporters of Lithuanian independence, Maskhadov was in Vilnius.

Since 1991 - Chief of Civil Defense of the Chechen Republic, Deputy Chief of the General Staff Supreme Council CR.

In 1992, Colonel Maskhadov retired from the Russian army and took the post of first deputy chief of the Main Staff of the Chechen Republic.

Since March 1994 - Chief of the Main Staff of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic.

From December 1994 to January 1995, he headed the defense of the presidential palace in Grozny.

In the spring of 1995, Aslan Maskhadov led the military operations of the armed formations from the headquarters in Nozhai-Yurt.

In June 1995, he headed the headquarters of Dudayev’s formations in Dargo.

In August-October 1995, he headed a group of military representatives of the Dudayev delegation at the Russian-Chechen negotiations.

In August 1996, he represented Chechen separatists in negotiations with Security Council Secretary Alexander Lebed

On October 17, 1996, he was appointed to the post of Prime Minister of the coalition government of Chechnya with the wording “for the transition period.”

In December 1996, in accordance with the election law, he resigned from official posts - prime minister of the coalition government, chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces, deputy commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, in order to have the right to run for the post of president of Chechnya.

Since July 1998, he served as acting prime minister of Chechnya, combining this position with the post of president.

In December 1998, “field commanders” Shamil Basayev, Salman Raduev and Khunkar Israpilov tried to challenge Maskhadov’s constitutional powers under the pretext of his “pro-Russian position.” The “Council of Commanders of Chechnya,” headed by them, demanded that the Supreme Sharia Court remove Maskhadov from office. The Sharia court suggested that Maskhadov unilaterally sever relations with Russia. However, the court did not find sufficient grounds to remove the President of the Chechen Republic from office, although he was found guilty of selecting persons “who collaborated with the occupation regime” for leadership positions.
Destroyed on March 8, 2005 by Russian FSB special forces in the village of Tolstoy-Yurt, Grozny district.

BARAEV Arbi. He was suspected of organizing the kidnappings of FSB officers Gribov and Lebedinsky, the plenipotentiary representative of the Russian President in Chechnya Vlasov, Red Cross employees, as well as the murder of four citizens of Great Britain and New Zealand (Peter Kennedy, Darren Hickey, Rudolf Pestchi and Stanley Shaw). The Ministry of Internal Affairs put Baraev on the federal wanted list in a criminal case regarding the abduction in Chechnya of NTV television journalists - Masyuk, Mordyukov, Olchev and OPT television journalists - Bogatyrev and Chernyaev. In total, he personally accounts for the death of about two hundred Russians - military personnel and civilians.

On June 23-24, 2001, in the ancestral village of Alkhan-Kala and Kulary, a special joint detachment of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the FSB conducted a special operation to eliminate a detachment of militants from Arbi Barayev. 15 militants and Barayev himself were destroyed.

BARAEV Movsar, nephew of Arbi Barayev. Movsar received his first baptism of fire in the summer of 1998 in Gudermes, when the Barayevites, together with the Urus-Martan Wahhabis, clashed with fighters from the detachment of the Yamadayev brothers. Then Movsar was wounded.

After the entry of federal troops into Chechnya, Arbi Barayev appointed his nephew as commander of a sabotage detachment and sent him to Argun. In the summer of 2001, when Arbi Barayev was killed in the village of Alkhan-Kala, Grozny rural district, Movsar proclaimed himself instead of his uncle as emir of the Alkhan-Kala jamaat. Organized several attacks on federal convoys and a series of explosions in Grozny, Urus-Martan and Gudermes.

In October 2002, terrorists led by Movsar Barayev seized the building of the House of Culture of the State Bearing Plant on Melnikova Street (Theater Center on Dubrovka), during the musical "Nord-Ost". Spectators and actors (up to 1000 people) were taken hostage. On October 26, the hostages were released, Movsar Barayev and 43 terrorists were killed.

SULEIMENOV Movsan. Nephew of Arbi Barayev. Killed on August 25, 2001 in the city of Argun during a special operation by officers of the Russian FSB Directorate for Chechnya. The operation was carried out with the aim of establishing the exact location and detention of Suleimenov. However, during the operation, Movsan Suleimenov and three other mid-level commanders offered armed resistance. As a result, they were destroyed.

ABU Umar. Native Saudi Arabia. One of Khattab's most famous assistants. Mine explosives expert. Mined the approaches to Grozny in 1995. Participated in organizing explosions in Buinaksk in 1998, and was wounded in the explosion. Organized an explosion in Volgograd on May 31, 2000, in which 2 people were killed and 12 were injured.

Abu Umar trained almost all the organizers of the explosions in Chechnya and the North Caucasus.

In addition to preparing terrorist attacks, Abu-Umar dealt with financing issues

militants, including the transfer of mercenaries to Chechnya through the channels of one of

international Islamic organizations.

Destroyed on July 11, 2001 in the village of Mayrup, Shalinsky district, during a special operation by the FSB and the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.

Emir Ibn Al Khattab. Professional terrorist, one of the most irreconcilable militants in Chechnya.

Some of the most “well-known” operations carried out under the leadership or with the direct participation of Khattab and his militants include:

Terrorist attack in the city of Budennovsk (70 people were allocated from Khattab’s detachment, there were no losses among them);

Providing a “corridor” for S. Raduev’s gang to exit the village. Pervomayskoe - an operation prepared and carried out personally by Khattab to destroy the column of the 245th motorized rifle regiment near the village. Yaryshmards;

Direct participation in the preparation and attack on Grozny in August 1996.

Terrorist attack in Buinaksk on December 22, 1997. During an armed attack on a military unit in Buinaksk, he was wounded in his right shoulder.

RADUEV Salman. From April 1996 to June 1997, Raduev was the commander of the armed unit "General Dudayev's Army".

In 1996-1997, Salman Raduev repeatedly took responsibility for terrorist attacks committed on Russian territory and made threats against Russia.

In 1998, he took responsibility for the assassination attempt on Georgian President Eduard Shevardnadze. He also took responsibility for the explosions at train stations in Armavir and Pyatigorsk. The Raduevskaya gang was engaged in robberies in railways, she is guilty of theft of public funds in the amount of 600-700 thousand rubles, intended to pay salaries to teachers in the Chechen Republic.

On March 12, 2000, he was captured in the village of Novogroznensky during a special operation by FSB officers.

The Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation has charged Salman Raduev under 18 articles of the Criminal Code of Russia (including "terrorism", "murder", "banditry"). The sentence is life imprisonment.

Died on December 14, 2002. Diagnosis: hemorrhagic vasculitis (incoagulability of blood). He was buried on December 17 at the city cemetery of Solikamsk (Perm region).

ATGERIEV Turpal-Ali. Former employee of the 21st company of the Grozny traffic police. During the hostilities, he was the commander of the Novogroznensky regiment, which, together with Salman Raduev, participated in the Kizlyar and May Day events.

By this fact The Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation opened a criminal case under Art. 77 (banditry), Art. 126 (hostage-taking) and Art. 213-3, part 3 (terrorism). Put on the federal wanted list.

December 25, 2002 Supreme Court Dagestan sentenced Atgeriev to 15 years in prison for participating in an attack on the Dagestan city of Kizlyar in January 1996. Atgeriev was found guilty of terrorism, organizing illegal armed groups, kidnapping and hostage-taking, and robbery.

Died on August 18, 2002. The cause of death was leukemia. In addition, it was established that Atgeriev had a stroke.

GELAEV Ruslan (Khamzat). Former commander of the special forces regiment "BORZ" of the Armed Forces of ChRI, lieutenant colonel of the army of Ichkeria.

During combat operations - commander of the Shatoevsky garrison, commander of the "Abkhaz battalion". Gelayev’s formation consisted of eight hundred to nine hundred well-armed militants, including about fifty snipers from Lithuania and ten to fifteen snipers from Estonia. The so-called special-purpose regiment was stationed in the areas of Sharoy, Itum-Kale, and Khalkina.

In 2002, he announced his intention to obtain the post of President of Ichkeria; supported him former manager Dudayev's service foreign intelligence, famous criminal oil businessman Khozhi Nukhaev.

On August 20, 2002, Ruslan Gelayev’s gang attempted an armed transition from the Pankisi Gorge in Georgia through the territory of North Ossetia and Ingushetia to Chechnya.

On March 1, 2004, the territorial department "Makhachkala" of the North Caucasus branch of the border service department distributed reports of the death of Ruslan Gelayev in the mountains of Dagestan (reports of his death were heard repeatedly).

MUNAEV Isa. Chechen field commander. He led detachments operating in the Chechen capital, and was appointed military commandant of the city of Grozny by Aslan Maskhadov in early 1999.

Killed on October 1, 2000 during a military clash in the Stapropromyslovsky district of Grozny (according to the press center of the United Group of Russian Forces in Chechnya, 2000).

MOVSAEV Abu. Deputy Minister of Sharia Security of Ichkeria.

After the attack on Budennovsk (1995), they began to claim that Abu Movsaev was one of the organizers of the action. After Budennovsk he received the rank of brigadier general. In 1996 - July 1997 - Head of the State Security Department of Ichkeria. During the armed conflict in Chechnya, for some time in 1996 he served as chief of the main headquarters Chechen formations.

KARIEV (KORIEV) Magomed. Chechen field commander.

Until September 1998, Kariev was deputy head of the Security Service of Ichkeria. He was then appointed head of the 6th Department of the Ministry of Sharia Security, responsible for the fight against organized crime.

Kariev was involved in kidnapping and hostage-taking for ransom.

He was killed on May 22, 2001 by several shots at the door of the apartment he rented in Baku under the guise of a refugee.

TSAGARAEV Magomad. One of the leaders of Chechen gangs. Tsagarayev was Movzan Akhmadov’s deputy and directly led military operations; was Khattab's closest confidant.

In March 2001, Tsagaraev was wounded, but managed to escape and penetrate abroad. At the beginning of July 2001, he returned to Chechnya and organized gang groups in Grozny to carry out terrorist attacks.

MALIK Abdul. Famous field commander. He was part of the inner circle of the leaders of illegal armed groups in Chechnya, Emir Khattab and Shamil Basayev. Killed on August 13, 2001 during a special operation in the Vedeno region of the Chechen Republic.

KHAIHAROEV Ruslan. Famous Chechen field commander. During the war in Chechnya (1994-1996) he commanded detachments of defenders of the village of Bamut and the southeastern front of the Chechen army.

After 1996, Khaikharoev had extensive connections in the criminal world of the North Caucasus, controlling two types of criminal business: transporting hostages from Ingushetia and North Ossetia to the Chechen Republic, as well as smuggling of petroleum products. Former employee of Dudayev's personal security.

It is assumed that he was involved in the disappearance of newspaper journalists without a trace." Nevskoe time"Maxim Shablin and Felix Titov, and also ordered two explosions in Moscow trolleybuses on July 11 and 12, 1996. Accused by the Russian Security Service of organizing the explosion of an intercity passenger bus in Nalchik.

The organizer of the abduction on May 1, 1998 of the plenipotentiary representative of the President of the Russian Federation in Chechnya, Valentin Vlasov (this fact was established by Russian law enforcement agencies).

He died on September 8, 1999 in the district hospital of the city of Urus-Martan, Chechen Republic. He died from wounds received on the night of August 23-24, 1999 during the fighting in the Botlikh region of Dagestan (he fought as part of Arbi Barayev’s units).

According to another version, Khaikharoev was mortally wounded by fellow villagers who were blood relatives of Bamut. The news of his death was confirmed by the press service of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs.

KHACHUKAEV Khizir. Brigadier General, Deputy of Ruslan Gelayev. Commanded the South-Eastern Defense Sector in Grozny. Demoted to private by Maskhadov for participating in negotiations with Akhmad Kadyrov and Vladimir Bokovikov in Nazran. Destroyed on February 15, 2002 during an operation in the Shali region of Chechnya.

UMALATOV Adam. Nickname - "Tehran". One of the leaders of Chechen militants. He was a member of Khattab's gang. Killed on November 5, 2001 as a result of an operation carried out by special forces.

IRISKHANOV Shamil. An influential field commander from Basayev's inner circle. Together with Basayev, he took part in the raid on Budenovsk and the taking of hostages in a city hospital there in 1995. He led a detachment of about 100 militants in the summer of 2001, after his older brother, the so-called Brigadier General Khizir IRISKHANOV, Basayev’s first deputy, was killed in a special operation. “For the operation” in Budenovsk, Dzhokhar Dudayev awarded the Iriskhanov brothers the highest order of “Ichkeria” - “Honor of the Nation”.

SALTAMIRZAEV Adam. An influential member of illegal armed groups. He was the emir (spiritual leader) of the Wahhabis of the village of Mesker-Yurt. Nickname - "Black Adam". Destroyed on May 28, 2002 as a result of a special operation by Federal forces in the Shali region of Chechnya. During an attempt to be detained in Mesker-Yurt, he resisted and was killed during a shootout.

Rizvan AKHMADOV. Field commander, nickname "Dadu". He was a member of the so-called “Majlis-ul-Shura of the Mujahideen of the Caucasus.”

Akhmadov took command of his brother Ramzan's militant detachment in February 2001 after his liquidation. This detachment operated in Grozny, in the Grozny rural, Urus-Martan and Shalinsky districts, relying on accomplices in the ranks of the Chechen riot police operating in Grozny. On January 10, 2001, it was a group of militants subordinate to Dadu who took hostage a representative of the international organization Doctors Without Borders, Kenneth Gluck.

ABDUKHAJIEV Aslanbek. One of the leaders of Chechen militants, Shamil Basayev’s deputy for intelligence and sabotage work. Nickname - "Big Aslanbek". As part of the Basayev and Raduev gangs he took Active participation in armed attacks on the cities of Budennovsk and Kizlyar. During the reign of Maskhadov, he was the military commandant of the Shali region of Chechnya. In Basayev’s gang, he personally developed plans for sabotage and terrorist activities.

Since the day of the attack on Budennovsk, he has been on the federal wanted list.

On August 26, 2002, employees of the operational group of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation for the Shali region and one of the SOBR detachments, together with soldiers from the military commandant’s office of the Shali region, carried out an operation in the regional center of Shali to detain a militant. When detained, he offered armed resistance and was killed.

Demiev Adlan. Leader of a gang. Involved in a series of sabotage and terrorist acts on the territory of Chechnya.

Liquidated on February 18, 2003 by federal forces of Chechnya as a result of a counter-terrorist operation carried out in the city of Argun.

After being blocked by a unit of federal forces, Demiev resisted and tried to escape in a car. However, it was destroyed by retaliatory fire from federal forces. When examining the dead man, a PM pistol, grenades, radios and a fake passport were found.

BATAEV Khamzat. A well-known field commander, considered the “commander of the Bamut direction” of the resistance of Chechen militants. He was killed in March 2000 in the village of Komsomolskoye. (This was reported by the commander of the group of internal troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation in Chechnya, General Mikhail Lagunets).

During the Chechen campaigns, the Barayev clan became widely known for trafficking in kidnapped and captured people. Some experts who have studied the actions of these criminals are inclined to believe that the Barayevs were even more active in this type of activity than directly in military clashes with federal troops.

It is believed that the militants of the Islamic regiment "Jamaad", led by Arbi Barayev, in Chechnya, among others, kidnapped the special representative of the Russian President Vlasov, Major General Shpigun, many Russian officers and journalists, as well as four British citizens and one New Zealander. They did not stand on ceremony with the prisoners - when Barayev’s militants were not satisfied with the results of the hostage ransom negotiations, four foreigners’ heads were cut off and thrown onto the road.

Arbi Barayev was truly a scumbag, because he always wanted to commit atrocities on his own, uncontrolled by the leadership of the self-proclaimed Ichkeria. In the late 90s, Aslan Maskhadov stripped him of the rank of brigadier general for arbitrariness; in response, Barayev tried to kill Maskhadov himself. Arbi Barayev was also despised by field soldier Ruslan Gelayev, whose relatives were killed by Barayev’s people.

This is how General Troshev, one of the leaders of the anti-terrorist operation in Chechnya, characterizes A. Barayev in his book “My War. Chechen diary of a trench general":

“... He was a unique person in his own way: in five years he climbed the career ladder from traffic police foreman to brigadier general (analogous to our rank of lieutenant general)! It’s time to be included in the Guinness Book of Records. Moreover, the 27-year-old Chechen owes such a rapid ascent not to his brilliant mind, talents or valor of heart, but to the human blood he shed: since January 1995, he has personally tortured more than two hundred people! Moreover, with the same sadistic sophistication he mocked a Russian priest, an Ingush policeman, a Dagestani builder, and the subjects of Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain...”

Arbi Barayev's nephew Movsar participated in both Chechen campaigns, at first in a supporting role. In the second war, on the orders of Shamil Basayev, Movsar Barayev led a sabotage-terrorist detachment, which in October 2002 seized the House of Culture of Moscow Bearing OJSC on Dubrovka, taking over 900 people hostage. According to various sources, as a result of this terrorist attack, from 130 to 174 hostages died, 37 terrorists led by Movsar Barayev were killed by FSB special forces.