Abstract of the GCD for the senior group “In the world of minerals. Lesson summary for the preparatory group “Underground riches of the earth”
Summary of direct educational activities for children of the preparatory group, topic: “Minerals”
Goals and objectives:
Summarize knowledge about minerals; give children an idea of the properties of magnets and how they are used in industry; develop the desire for search and cognitive activity, mental activity, the ability to observe, analyze, and draw conclusions; develop the ability to work in a team.
Materials and equipment:
Parcel, samples of minerals, a container with water, 5 fish made of colored oilcloth with an eye-button curved on the back side, magnets, a sheet of A3 cardboard with a drawn race track (two tracks), mounted on four cubes (can be attached with buttons), blanks for cars (bottom, roof), metal plates for each car (can be from a furniture lock), a piece of foam plastic, a partner's needle, colored paper, a presentation “Minerals” (in the attachment).
Integration of educational areas:
Cognition, communication, health, artistic creativity.
Progress of direct educational activities:
Educator:
Children, say hello to the guests.
Children say hello. A parcel is brought into the hall. The teacher opens the package. Inside is a note and a small box.
A note:
“Hello, dear guys of the Droplets group. The Mole from the fairy tale “Thumbelina” is writing to you.
The other day I was counting my countless riches and came across a box that I got from my great-grandfather. There are some pebbles inside. I was about to throw them away, but Thumbelina advised me not to do this, but to first figure out what it was. She advised me to ask you for help, since you are about to start school and probably know a lot. Help me please.
Best regards, Mole."
Educator:
What's in the box? (opens it)
Children:
Minerals.
Educator:
Why are they called that?
Children:
They are mined from underground. They benefit people.
Educator:
What three types of minerals do you know?
Children:
Solid, liquid and gaseous.
Educator:
How are they obtained?
Children:
Open (quarry) and closed (mine).
Educator:
Let's figure out what minerals are in this box.
Very durable and elastic
A reliable friend for builders.
Houses, steps, pedestals
They will become beautiful and noticeable.
Children:
Educator:
What benefits does granite bring?
Children:
It is used in construction.
Educator:
Once a huge pump
He grabbed my nose.
Put me in a pipe
Now I'm running through the pipe.
I'll run to the factory -
They'll warm me up there. Here
These are the products:
(Not candy or fruit)
Kerosene, gasoline, fuel oil...
They will make me out.
He won't run without me
No bus, no taxi,
The rocket doesn't rise.
Guess what it is?
Children:
Educator:
What is made from oil?
Children:
Gasoline, plastics, detergents, medications.
Educator:
It brings warmth to homes,
It's light all around,
Helps melt steel
Making paints and enamels.
It's black and shiny
The assistant is real.
Children:
Educator:
How does it benefit people?
Children:
This is fuel.
Educator:
If you meet me on the road,
Your feet will get stuck.
And make a bowl or vase,
You'll need it right away.
Children:
Educator:
What is it used for?
Children:
Bricks, dishes, and cosmetics (blue clay) are made from it.
Educator:
Plants grew in the swamp,
They became fuel and fertilizer.
Children:
Educator:
What benefits does it bring?
Children:
This is fuel and fertilizer.
Educator:
They cover the roads
Streets in villages.
It is also found in cement.
He himself is fertilizer.
Children:
Limestone.
Educator:
Where is limestone used?
Children:
Used in construction. Chalk is made from it.
Educator:
Mom has an excellent assistant in the kitchen.
It blooms like a blue flower from a match.
Children:
Educator:
No wonder it was cooked in a blast furnace.
The scissors and keys turned out great...
Children:
This is ore.
Educator:
What is iron ore made from?
Children:
Scissors, nails, rails, magnet.
Educator:
You said magnet. What do you know about him?
Children:
It attracts iron objects.
Educator:
I invite you to go to the magical land of magnets, where you will learn about the properties of magnets and how to use them. Stand in a circle on the carpet. Let's fly.
Breathing exercises “Wings”
Instead of hands there are large wings.
Come on, take to the sky, squadron!
1 – raise your arms up through your sides (inhale);
2 – lower your hands down, saying “down” (exhale).
Let's stand on our toes
It's good for us at the top!
How can you be down there without us?
Starting position – legs slightly apart.
1 – rise on your toes. Simultaneously raising your hands and looking at them (inhale);
2 – slowly squat down (back straight), knees to the sides, arms forward and pronounce the sound “sh-sh-sh” (exhale).
Wiggle
Let's sway a little
And below us are the clouds.
Starting position – feet shoulder-width apart.
1 – tilt to the right – “kick” (inhale)
2 – tilt to the left – “kick” (exhale)
We need to look around.
Is my friend flying nearby?
Starting position – feet shoulder-width apart, hands on the belt.
1 – turn to the right (inhale)
2 – starting position (exhale)
3 – turn to the left (inhale)
4 - starting position (exhale)
We greet the Sun with clap,
Let it shine through people's windows.
Starting position – legs slightly apart.
1 – raise your arms up (inhale)
2 – clap your hands, saying “clap” (exhale)
3 – spread your arms to the sides (inhale)
4 – starting position (exhale)
We'll pretend we're bees
The bees in the sky are new settlers.
Starting position – legs slightly apart.
1 – spread your arms to the sides (inhale)
2 – lower your hands down with the sound “z-z-z” (exhale)
Landing
We're landing, hurray!
To the land of magnets, kids!
Starting position – feet shoulder-width apart, hands in a “lock”, lower down.
1 – raise your arms up (inhale)
2 – tilt forward with simultaneous lowering.
Educator:
Here we are in the magical land of magnets.
Experiences:
Game-experience "Fishing"
Equipment:
Container with water,
5 fish made of colored oilcloth with a button eye, curved on the reverse side,
Magnet.
Progress of the experiment:
Place the fish in a container of water.
Place the magnet against the outside of the glass at the level of the fish. After it “bites”, slowly move the magnet upward along the wall of the glass. So you need to catch all the fish.
Experience result:
The fish follow the movement of the magnet and rise upward until they approach the surface of the water. This way you can easily take them out without getting your hands wet.
Conclusion:
The magnetic field acts through both glass and water.
Educator:
Due to their ability to attract objects underwater, magnets are used in the construction and repair of underwater structures: with their help it is very convenient to secure and lay a cable or keep a tool at hand.
Experience game "Paper racing"
Equipment:
A sheet of A3 cardboard with a drawn racing track (two tracks), mounted on four cubes (can be attached with buttons),
Blanks for cars (bottom, roof),
Metal plates for each machine (can be from a furniture lock),
Scissors and tape (you can use glue and brushes),
Magnets.
Progress of the experiment:
Attach metal plates to the bottoms of cars with tape and glue the roofs.
Set up the cars at the start.
Place magnets under the cardboard at the starting level where the cars are parked, and move the magnets along the contours of the road.
Experience result:
Cars move along the track, repeating the movements of a magnet that children move under the cardboard. The magnetic field passing through the cardboard attracts metal plates attached to cars, forcing them to follow the magnet.
Conclusion:
The magnetic field acts through cardboard and paper.
Educator:
Magnets can work through paper, so they are used, for example, to attach notes to the metal door of a refrigerator.
Experience game “Magnetic regatta”
Equipment:
A piece of foam plastic in the shape of a boat,
Tailor's needle for the mast,
Colored paper for the sail (you can immediately attach the sail to the mast);
Magnet,
Bowl or basin with water.
Progress of the experiment:
Let the boat float in a basin of water. Control the boat by moving the magnet over the pelvis (without touching them).
The result of the experience. The magnet sets the boats in motion even if it doesn't touch them.
Conclusion:
The force of a magnet acts even at a distance.
Educator:
Due to the property of magnets to act at a distance and through solutions, they are used in chemical and medical laboratories, where it is necessary to mix sterile (very pure) substances. In order not to come into contact with an insufficiently sterile instrument, a small steel plate covered with sterile material is lowered into the test tube with the substance that will be mixed. Under the test tube there is a magnet, which, when rotating, sets the plate in the test tube in motion. This way the substance is mixed.
Experiment “Why do two magnets sometimes repel each other?”
Equipment (for each child or for a couple):
Two small furniture magnets.
Progress of the experiment:
Bring two magnets close to each other.
Turn one of the magnets over to the other side and bring the magnets closer to each other again.
Experience result:
In one case the magnets attract, in the other they repel.
Educator:
The ability of magnets to repel is used to railways in China and Japan. Some high-speed trains do not have wheels: powerful magnets are installed inside the train and on the rails, which are turned towards each other with identical poles. Such trains practically fly above the rails and can reach enormous speeds.
Educator:
Magnets are used to produce jewelry: Necklaces and bracelets can have a magnetic clasp or be made entirely of magnets (shows the children some magnetic jewelry. Magnets are also used in children's toys (shows the children a magnetic marble constructor or other toy).
Today we learned a lot about minerals and magnets. What have you learned? What did you like most? And now it's time for us to return to kindergarten.
Relaxation “Flying high in the sky”
(Calm relaxing music sounds).
Educator:
“Close your eyes and listen to my voice. Breathe slowly and easily. Imagine that you are in a fragrant summer meadow. Above you are the warm summer sun and high blue sky. You feel absolutely calm and happy. High in the sky you see a bird soaring in the air. This is a large eagle with smooth and shiny feathers.
The bird soars freely in the sky, its wings spread to the sides. From time to time she slowly flaps her wings. You hear the sound of wings energetically cutting through the air.
Now let each of you imagine that he is a bird. Imagine that you are slowly floating, floating in the air and your wings cutting through the air. Enjoy the freedom and wonderful feeling of floating in the air.
And now, slowly flapping your wings, you approach the ground.
Now you are already on earth. Open your eyes. You feel well rested, you have a cheerful mood and a wonderful feeling of flight that will last throughout the day.”
Educator:
I invite you to decorate clay figurines as a keepsake of today’s new knowledge about minerals, which you will then take home.
About everything in the world:
In 1930, the film “The Rogue Song,” about the kidnapping of a girl in the Caucasus Mountains, was released in America. Actors Stan Laurel, Lawrence Tibbett and Oliver Hardy played local crooks in this film. Surprisingly, these actors are very similar to the characters...
Section materials
Lessons for the younger group.
Program content:
1. Give children an idea of the Urals - as the richest region in the country in mineral resources.
2. To consolidate children's knowledge about minerals, their properties and applications.
3. Develop sensory-aesthetic perception (peer, admire), activating visually effective ways for children to learn about objects; Develop observation and cognitive activity.
Materials:
Map of Russia, photographs with a view of the Urals, paintings with landscapes of the Ural Mountains, Book by M.M. Mamina-Sibiryak “Green Mountains”, a collection of materials and stones, herbal tea, products made of stones, metal, souvenirs, a magnet, 2 tables, a magnetic board, symbols of minerals, cards with words denoting the object.
Preliminary work:
Study of some minerals, their properties, applications; reading P. Bazhov’s fairy tales “Zhivinka in Action”, “Stone Flower”; collecting a collection of stones with children; working with a globe, map; study of some natural areas of Russia; surface study earth's crust;
Progress of classes:
The teacher enters the hall with the children and approaches the map of Russia.
IN.:Guys, look what beautiful picture. And green lawns, and blue stripes, and yellow sand.
D.: This is a map.
IN.:What is a map? /children's answers/.
A map is a conventional image of the earth on a plane, on paper. /Image of rivers, mountains, forests, etc./.
Before us is a map of Russia - our country is huge, amazingly diverse in nature. The harsh beauty of the Arctic coasts gives way to picturesque forests, majestic rivers flow across the plains, peaks high mountains covered with snow. More than a hundred years ago, the Russian poet Ivan Nikitin, in his poem “Rus,” said:
It's you, my
Sovereign Rus',
My motherland
Orthodox!
Wide are you, Rus',
On the Face of the Earth
In royal beauty
Turned around!...
Our homeland is not only very beautiful, but also very rich in various minerals. Do you know what this is? /Children's answers/. Minerals are the formation of the earth's crust, they are very different, people use them in economic activities.
What minerals do you know? /Children's answers/.
What do you think? large groups can they be separated? /Children's answers/.
Solid (ores, coal, marble, granite, salt).
Liquid (oil, mineral water).
Gas (Flammable gases, methane, propane, helium).
Conclusion: Now you know exactly what minerals are. Do you want to know which region in Russia is richest in mineral resources? Do you want to go in search of minerals?
Then join hands and go!
Music sounds, children with a second teacher walk around the hall.
They approach the stand with landscapes of the Ural Mountains. They open their eyes, and in front of them is the first teacher in Russian costume.
(introduces children to a beautiful, rich region)
Mistress of Copper Mountain:
Hello guys! So you came to visit me. You are in the Urals - in the most beautiful, richest region in Russia. I am the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. Admire the beauty of my mountains. The Ural Mountains stretch from north to south for more than two thousand kilometers; they have long been considered the border between Europe and Asia. The mountains of the Urals are not high, but the mineral resources are unusually rich.
Do you want to look into the depths of my mountains? I will introduce you to some of my riches.
Children come to the table where there is a collection of minerals, look at it, and get to know each other.
Coal is rock, lies in layers, thickness (thickness) up to several meters. Coal is one of the most important types of fuel; it is used in metallurgical, chemical industry, used by people for space heating. It is black in color, has a shine, and crumbles from strong impacts. /Children look/.
Guys, do you remember who once in the old days became interested in coal mining and decided not to try other crafts?
Children's answers: - Quiet, from Pavel Bazhov's fairy tale “Zhivinka in Action.”
Iron ores are natural mineral accumulations containing iron. It is found in rocks in the form of solid clusters and plates. This mineral is red-brown to black in color. The ore is processed and iron is obtained, and metal is smelted from the ore in huge blast furnaces. At high temperature, iron is melted, and people pour it into molds to obtain the necessary parts, objects, tools, etc. /shown in the picture of a blast furnace/. Iron has one very interesting property - it is attracted by a magnet (another mineral).
Experience: Attracting parts with a magnet: screw, scissors, copper plate, spring, aluminum blank, etc.
Target: Check which parts are made from iron ore and which from other ores.
Conclusion: Not all objects are attracted by a magnet, which means they are made from other ores that do not have this property.
X.: Guys, you have already learned a lot about iron ore, its properties, and now let's play a little and check what you remember.
Game "I am a magnet".
Target: Learn to choose objects made of iron.
Game rule: You need to find a card with a word that denotes an object made of iron. /Nail, newspaper, car, knife, tractor, scissors, telephone, fork, doll, handkerchief/.
After the game, the children come to the table and the Mistress of the Copper Mountain.
Continues to introduce them to minerals.
Marble is a crystalline rock, a very durable stone, sometimes different colors: red, gray, white. Applicable as finishing material during the construction of various buildings, metro stations. Sculptors carve various figures from marble, monuments that adorn our cities. /Showing buildings, sculptures in the picture/.
X.: But not only building materials and I am rich in metals - the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, I am the owner of huge deposits of precious stones.
Gems are mineral bodies that have beautiful color, brilliance, and hardness. The most famous of them are malachite, lapis lazuli, jasper, amethyst, and rock crystal. These stones are of great value for their beauty. They are not used in construction; they are used to make various decorations.
X.: Do you remember who wrote about the Ural mining masters? Who worked on the malachite box? Do you want to see her? /Product display/.
Look how beautiful the picture is, it is made of stones. Its frame is green marble, the leaves on the birch are made of rock crystal and rhodonite, the water in the river is made of fluorite, and the pine branches are made of very beautiful malachite.
Masters know how to beautifully and correctly process a stone so that it sparkles with all its facets and shows its beauty.
Look how the picture sparkles and shimmers. /Give the picture to the children to hold in their hands and examine/.
X.: Guys, do you know that the Urals are rich not only in their mountain treasures, but also in their culture. In the old days, various rituals were held, one of them: “Like a maiden, she chose a good fellow.” Maybe some of you know this round dance?
All: My dear, round dance /2 times/
Stop, don’t leave /2 times/
Maiden: I sang and danced /2 times/
She led a round dance and dropped the wreath.
All: My dear father comes /2 times/
The wreath is not carried /2 times/
Dear mother goes /2 times/
The wreath is not carried /2 times/
Good fellow goes /2 times/
He carries a wreath.
Child: Thank you, Mistress of the Copper Mountain, but we need to hit the road.
X.: What great guys you are! Thank you for listening to me carefully. But before you leave, I will treat you to tea, but not simple tea, but with medicinal herbs, tasty, healthy, aromatic. I have a lot of them in the Urals. I have one grandmother in one village, she is with us “for the position of a doctor, due to great fame. They know the power in herbs..." P. Bazhov.
Have any of you heard of her? What is her name? /Vihoriha/.
Tea party.
The mistress of the copper mountain says goodbye to the children and gives them a painting.
X.: Let this picture be a souvenir of our meeting, admire the beauty of the Ural gems, the work of stone craftsmen and remember the Urals. I have many more minerals that I would like to tell you about. Therefore, I hope that we will see you again.
Now hold hands, close your eyes and go.
Music sounds, children with a second teacher walk around the hall,
They approach the map.
IN.: Your journey is now over. Did you like it? Who did you visit? What did you see? What new did you learn? /Children's answers/.
Based on the children's answers, the teacher conventional signs indicates minerals on the map: coal, iron ore, granite, marble.
IN.: Look how many signs there are on the map, and what does this mean? /Children's answers/.
The Urals are one of the richest regions of Russia. Having been there, it is impossible not to fall in love with the beauty of this region. I hope that you will also be lucky enough to visit there and see everything with your own eyes.
Age: middle group (4-5 years)
Integration of educational areas: "Cognitive Development" , "Social and communicative development" , « Speech development» , "Artistic and aesthetic development" , "Physical development"
Tasks:
- Expand children's understanding of inanimate nature (Socio-communicative development)
- Continue to introduce professions - miner (Cognitive development)
- Expand children's understanding of the properties of stones and their purpose (Cognitive development)
- Continue to discuss information about objects that go beyond the usual immediate environment (Speech development)
- Promote curiosity (Speech development)
- Give the concept of new words - the bowels of the Earth, minerals, precious stones. (Speech development)
- Develop music listening culture skills (Artistic and aesthetic development)
- Improve motor skills (Physical development)
Types of children's activities: cognitive-research, communicative, motor, musical.
Methods and techniques: visual - illustrations, viewing a collection of natural stones, viewing photographs of precious stones, verbal - conversation, story, riddles, practical - listening to music.
Materials and equipment: illustrations, a collection of natural stones and photographs of precious stones, a disk with the sounds of the sea.
Preliminary work: reading a Khakass fairy tale "Why did the mountains fall silent" , didactic games “Find the same stone” , "Find out by touch" , family cartoon viewing "Dwarves and the Mountain King" , "Silver Hoof" .
Logics educational activities:
Educator: Guys, our group has accumulated a whole collection of stones. I brought part of this collection from the seaside, where I vacationed in the summer; many of you were also at the seaside and brought stones as a souvenir of your vacation and brought them to kindergarten. How many of you have been to the sea? What did you see there? (children's answers). Do you want to hear the sound of the sea? Now I will turn on the music, you will close your eyes, listen carefully and imagine the picture that it tells you. (Children listen)
What did you hear, what pictures flashed before your eyes? (Children's answers).
Let's listen to the music again, do you hear how the sea roars, how the waves, running onto the shore, roll stones from place to place, how they knock against each other?
Educator: On the tray are sea stones, take them in your hands, what do they feel like? (flat, round, smooth).
Educator: Yes, that’s how they were made sea waves. IN sea water the stones crash against each other, the water breaks off their edges. And they become smooth, smooth - without a single corner. Now take the pebbles from the other tray and place them next to the sea ones. Touch them, what can you say about them? What are they? (rough, uneven, with sharp corners).
Educator: So what is the difference between sea and river pebbles? (Children's answers) Compare them by strength (children test stones for strength and draw conclusions about their hardness).
Educator: Do you know where the stones came from? (children's assumptions). Our planet, the vast, beautiful Earth, keeps many secrets. Do you want to get acquainted with what is stored inside the Earth?
There is a whole world underground! And what a one! Look (the teacher offers illustrations depicting underground caves, stalactites, stalagmites). Where do you think the caves came from, how were they formed? (Children's guesses)
These caves were made by water. I can’t even believe that such soft and gentle water can be so strong and so powerful. It can wash and wash away entire halls of caves among the rocks in the mountains.
Educator: (pays attention to the beads from natural stone, photo of precious stones)). Look at the beautiful shapes, the play of colors, the lines in the drawing. It was Mother Earth and her assistant water who created such miracles. Rings and beads are made of precious stones. These stones are very beautiful. They sparkle and shimmer different colors. Such stones are rare in the ground and are expensive, which is why they are called precious. Admire this sun stone (the teacher demonstrates amber, the children look at it) What can you say about him? Do you want to touch this one? gem and find out his story?
Educator: Amber is a fossilized resin. Millions of years ago, some species of coniferous trees healed their wounds with resin: whether a branch broke off or the bark of a tree was split off, resin immediately began to be released, which closed the wound. What do you think will happen if an insect lands on a sticky, resinous surface? (It will stick), resin - sticky, viscous. In the resinous puddles, all sorts of small animals and birds left their traces: some fluff, some a feather, some a hair. You can also see air bubbles or raindrops in amber. It took a lot of time for the resin to turn into amber. Coniferous trees grew old and fell. They were covered with earth, under the heavy layer of earth that had piled up, the resin hardened like stone and became amber. How did amber get into the sea? A river flowed through the forest, amber was a light stone, and the waters of the river washed it out of the ground and carried it with them. The river flows into the sea. And the amber treasure ended up in the sea. The storm and waves carried the stone ashore. How beautiful jewelry give them for birthdays.
Educator: (shows a piece of coal) Guys, do you think this stone can serve as decoration? It may be ugly and get your hands dirty, but its value and benefit to humans is very great. This is coal. It burns well and is used as a fuel to generate heat and electricity. Coal is stored underground, which is why it is called a mineral. How do you understand the expression "minerals" ? (Fossils - because you need to look for and dig them out of the ground, and useful ones, because they bring great benefits to people). Why is coal called hard coal? (because it's hard) In addition to coal, the Earth's storehouse contains many more minerals, all of which are inanimate. We'll talk about them next time. Are you interested in learning how coal is mined? Then we will have to go to the mountains.
Physical education minute
We'll go right now
And then let's go left
Let's gather in the center of the circle
And we’ll turn around on the spot
We'll sit down quietly
And let's lie down a little
We will rise quietly
And let's jump lightly.
Let our feet dance
And they clap their hands.
Let's turn right
And then we'll go straight
We walked and reached the mountains.
Educator: Coal is mined in quarries if it lies shallow, or in mines if the reserves are deep. (the teacher’s story is accompanied by a display of illustrations). People who mine coal are called miners, miners (Why?). The work of miners is very difficult and dangerous. Everyone respects miners for their strength and courage.
Educator: Today we took a trip through the depths of our Earth, learned about minerals. Who will be the first to guess the riddle: “It’s an unsightly stone, it lies in the ground in a layer, in order to lift it up, you need to visit the mine. There are lights underground - these are miners in the mine. Hammers are used to beat off this very necessary stone. (Coal)
What are minerals? (Children's answers). What minerals did you learn about today? (Children's answers). What are the names of the stones from which jewelry is made? (Children's answers).
Think about what icon you will use to represent coal, amber (the teacher invites the children to draw icons)
Tasks: expand children's knowledge about nature, introduce underground minerals, provide initial information about rational use natural resources in everyday life (water, energy, gas), be able to list their names and determine which group they belong to.
Material and equipment: illustrations depicting oil and gas production, a cross-sectional model of the earth, a toy mole, underground minerals.
Guys, today we will make an unusual journey. We will travel across the surface of the Earth and descend into its very depths to the very center.
Guess the riddle:
He gnawed everything, both the meadow and the garden.
Earth mover
In the dark during walking hours
I dug lanes under the field (mole).
Guys, where does the mole live? (Underground.)
Our planet has existed for billions of years. During the existence of the Earth, nature has created a huge variety of treasures in its depths. These treasures come in solid, liquid and gaseous forms.
Places where minerals lie in the depths are called deposits. Some treasures lie on the surface of the Earth, others are hidden at a depth of several kilometers. Such treasures are called "Minerals".
Solids include: coal, granite, iron ore.
Granite is a hard, durable, grainy substance. It is used in construction. The upper part of the earth's crust is called the granite layer.
Coal is black and hard. Who can tell me where coal is used? (children's answers). Coal, in addition to fuel, is used in the chemical industry; paints and plastics are produced from it.
(Showing pictures of coal mining.)
Liquid - one of the representatives is oil. Gasoline and kerosene are obtained from oil. It is an excellent fuel for cars and airplanes. Drilling rigs are built and drilled to extract oil. deep wells. It does not come to Earth on its own; it is pumped out with a special pump. (I show pictures of oil production.)
Guys, listen to the riddle: Mom has an excellent assistant in the kitchen
It blooms blue from a match (Gas).
Gaseous gases include natural gas. It is a very light substance and a very good fuel. Colorless, light, odorless. To extract gas, wells are also drilled and gas is transported through special pipes to different regions of our country. It is used in everyday life and in industry.
And now you and I will have a little rest.
Fizminutka:
Along the path, along the path
Let's gallop on the right leg
And along the same path
We jump on our left leg.
Let's run along the path
On the lawn, on the lawn
We'll jump like bunnies
Stop, let's rest a little
And we'll walk home.
And now we will talk about construction minerals.
Granite – When granite breaks down, a colored fossil, sand – clay – is formed. Sand is a loose rock (yellow, reddish in color). Sand consists of tiny particles. Huge glasses are made from sand and crystal products are made.
Clay – located along river banks, in ravines and lowlands. Bricks are made from clay, various dishes, porcelain vases.
There is also such a mineral as lime - a white substance similar to chalk. It is used as fertilizer.
Guys, now let's play a little. I will ask you riddles, and you will find the answer on my table.
(On the table there are granite, sand, clay, coal, lime in forms; pictures of gas and oil production).
Very durable and resilient
A reliable friend for builders
Houses, steps, pedestals
They will become beautiful and noticeable (Granite.)
If you meet me on the road
Your feet will get stuck
How to make a bowl or vase
You will need it right away (Clay.)
The white pebble has melted
Left marks on the board (Chalk)
They cover the roads with them
Streets in villages
And it's also in cement.
He himself is fertilizer (Limestone.)
The kids really need it
He is on the roads, in the yard
He's at a construction site and on the beach
And it is even melted in glass (Sand.)
Flows through the pipe, bakes pies (Gas)
It brings warmth to homes
It's light all around
Helps melt steel
Making paints and enamels
It's black and shiny
Real assistant (Coal.)
He won't run without her
No bus, no taxi
The rocket won't rise
Guess what it is? (Oil).
Lesson objectives:; form initial concepts about the mineral resources of your country; consolidate knowledge about living and inanimate nature, distinguish between objects of nature and the world of things; interest in nature.
Progress of the lesson
Conversation with children about objects of living and inanimate nature.
The following objects are on the table: flowers, stone, doll.
IN. Today we will talk again about living and inanimate nature. Tell me which of these objects is alive and which is not. (Children's answers.) Why do you think that a flower is Live nature. Does stone belong to nature? What kind of nature is this? Why is a doll not nature? Guys, take one picture at a time, look at what is drawn on it, and if it is a living object, put the picture near a flower, if it is inanimate nature - near a stone, and if it is not nature, then put it near a doll. (The children look at the cards, the teacher checks with the children whether the task is completed correctly.) The teacher invites the children to sit on chairs.
Conversation with children using a physical mapyour country
Q. Let's remember what nature is? A wonderful writer and nature lover M. Prishvin wrote: “We are the masters of our nature and for us it is a storehouse of the sun with great treasures of life. Fish is water, birds are air, animals are forests and mountains, and man needs a homeland. And protecting nature means protecting the Motherland.” What is the name of our Motherland? Look at the map, what country is shown on it?
Our country is not that big anymore, but it has a lot of wealth. See how much is on the map Green colour, that means a lot of green forests. Blue color shows rivers and lakes. There are a lot of fish in the forest, and there are a lot of fish in the rivers and lakes. But there is also wealth inside the earth, in its depths. These riches are called minerals. These minerals are searched and found by people whose profession is geologists.
Imagine that we are geologists, and we are in a laboratory, and we will study minerals. A laboratory is where they examine, study, research various objects, and do experiments. Let's go to the tables, our laboratory will be there. (Children sit at tables.)
Experiments with children with minerals.
Q. The guys brought the minerals with a train, although it is a toy, the minerals are real. In the first carriage there are white pebbles. Take them in your hands and tell me what they are? (Chalk.) What is chalk for? Where did he come from? It turns out that long ago, where we live, there was a sea in which there were many snails in shells, time passed, the snails died, and their shells fell to the bottom of the sea. They were covered with sand and silt, their shells turned to chalk. People learned to extract chalk and use it. Doctors attribute purified chalk to people so that they have healthy teeth and strong bones. This chalk is called calcium glucanate. Taste the tablet.
Let's try what's in the second trailer. (Salt.) Salt is also a mineral; it is mined in our state. At first it is called stone. Why do you think? And then it is ground, cleaned, and it becomes food. Why is it called food? Salt is mined near cities such as... (shows these cities on the map). but remember that we are geologists, and they are looking for minerals in the mountains, swamps, forests, overcoming any obstacles.
Children sit in front of the board, the teacher shows the cities and draws attention to the symbol on the map of oil.
IN. Look how many black triangles there are, they show that in these places, deep underground, a river flows, the water in which can burn. Geologists found this river and drove it into the ground steel pipe. (Show the picture.) A fountain came out of the pipe black water which is called oil. (Showing oil in a test tube.) It is thick and burns. In special factories, petroleum is used to make gasoline, kerosene, asphalt resin, plastic and many other things. What is gasoline and kerosene used for, and what is it made from plastic?
The children are invited to take a cup from the tray and drink some water. What is this? ( Mineral water.) Mineral water is very useful for humans, and it is also found in the depths of our earth. We have many more minerals, such as..., but we will talk about them in the next lesson.
