Roof and roofing. Roofing materials: modern types of roof coverings

We have safely said goodbye to the period of global shortages. The times when those wishing to furnish a country house or dacha had to choose between slate and roofing felt have faded into memory. The number of domestic coating options has significantly increased.

Their ranks are persistently crowded by foreign products, tempting with undeniable technical and aesthetic advantages. In order not to get lost in the “forest” of trade offers, when choosing materials for roofing, it is worth familiarizing yourself with the characteristic features of the types in demand.

The buyer’s natural dream is a beautiful roof that has not been “crying out” for repair for fifty years, with a price below the expected limit. This utopia is tenderly cherished by the romantics of the building materials segment. The average consumer has silently accepted the fact that you have to pay for long-term use and presentability. Moreover, everyone understands perfectly well that by purchasing expensive material, they save significantly on current and major repairs.

Price is not an issue for those who have the necessary amount. But the lack of funds forces us to pay attention to cheap options. Especially if laying a new coating needs to be done in an emergency. However, even when choosing inexpensive material You can consider the prospect of its further use as waterproofing or a base for the subsequent installation of a more attractive coating.

If we do not put cost issues on the right flank, then consumers are interested in slightly different criteria:

Decorative indicators.
Operational and technical pros and cons. These include wear resistance, response to atmospheric influences, guaranteed and real service life.
Ease of installation, the specifics of constructing the base for the coating and the subtleties of the installation process, which greatly occupies independent home craftsmen.
Maintainability, including the ability to carry out ongoing operations to restore the roof with your own hands.
Ease of transportation with minimum quantity damaged material while moving it to the site.

Let’s look at the types of rigid roofing available on the market today, taking into account the listed consumer issues. Analysis is a separate topic. For convenience, we will divide rigid representatives into groups according to structural parameters and installation methods.

Natural and artificial stone

Roofing coverings made from natural or artificial stone belong to the category of piece materials. They are painstakingly attached with individual tiles or sheets to the wooden sheathing of pitched rafter systems. The materials are distinguished by their considerable mass, although within the “stone” class there are variations in specific gravity. For the most part, they significantly increase the weight of the home being furnished. In connection with this circumstance, the presence of a powerful foundation and load-bearing walls capable of supporting a heavy stone roof is predetermined.

Slate tiles or natural slate

Slate roofing is made by painstakingly chipping individual sheets from monolithic blocks of shale. They prick along lamellar and elongated minerals. The labor-intensive process of dividing natural raw materials into tiles is included in the cost of the material, so it is difficult to classify it as a budget coating.

Slate tiles vary in size and shape; thickness can range from 3 to 9mm. Differences in dimensions and the natural stone surface gives finished roof, built on the principle of fish scales, originality. The color of the plates depends on the location of the extraction of shale blocks. Often dark gray tiles are on sale, less often material with a greenish or brownish tint is found.

Technical and operational advantages determined high density rocks compressed under natural conditions, including:

Minimal water absorption, characteristic of a material with a small number of pores.
Frost resistance, closely related to the ability to not allow water to pass through. Since water does not penetrate into the thickness of the shale, it means that it will not be able to destroy the plates, turning into ice in frost.
Excellent insulating qualities.
Inert to UV and chemical aggression.
The hardness of real stones. The material cannot be punctured and cannot be damaged by impact.
Fire resistance.
Insignificant values of thermal linear expansion.

The list of disadvantages includes price, difficult installation technology that requires the participation of experienced roofers, and weight, which requires strengthening the foundation and rafter structure. The sheathing pitch is marked according to the dimensions of the plates. Slate tiles are laid in rows on pitched roofs of any architecture, taking into account prevailing winds. The optimal slope slope is 35-45º.

To install the covering on a roof with a slope of less than 22º, a continuous sheathing with a waterproofing carpet is installed. Fix the tiles with copper nails into the grooves formed by the manufacturer.

The service life of slate coatings is calculated in centuries. The stone tolerates transportation well. The owner can replace tiles torn off by heavy winds with his own hands without any problems.

Good old ceramic tiles

Roofing ceramics are produced by sintering finely dispersed kaolin clay pressed into molds with mineral additives. As a result, ordinary and shaped shards with specified sizes and stone hardness are obtained. Adherents of clay tiles have at their disposal 14 tile profile options, for each of which ridge, walk-through, eaves, valley and other extensions are specially produced. The selection of the profile depends on the angle of inclination of the roof slopes.

The color of the material is determined by the composition of the pigments introduced during manufacturing and the firing temperature. You can buy a ceramic coating from a grayish-yellow tint to a brick-brown color with a matte or glossy outer side. The effectiveness of tiled roofs is simply undeniable.

The list of “stone” priorities is complemented by tiles with their own advantages, these are:

Ability to pass household fumes.
Weight, lighter than slate tiles.
Possibility to reuse dismantled ceramics.

An impressive disadvantage of the material is its fragility, which upsets installers and carriers. I'm not happy with the price of the add-ons, which significantly increase the cost of the roof covering kit.

When installing insulated roofs with high slopes, a diffusion membrane is laid under the tiles. The sheathing pitch is calculated so that one tile rests on two laths. For laying on low slopes, a continuous sheathing is constructed, which is covered with built-up waterproofing. The maximum degrees of low and high slopes depend on the type of profile.

The shards are laid loosely, hooking the spike of the back side onto the lath. However, roofers advise additional screwing of tiles copper wire. Shaped parts are fixed with screws or clamps. Impeccably laid tiles will last for more than a century; you can replace a damaged element in the current mode yourself.

Sand and cement tiles

Concrete tiles are produced by pouring cement-sand mortar into molds. When hardened, it turns into an artificial stone of the required configuration. The outer side is equipped with mineral granulate or acrylic shell to protect the tiles from atmospheric attacks. Concrete tiles are produced in a variety of profile shapes and colors. True, the palette is inferior to the color range of ceramics.

Specific Features:

The material is lighter and cheaper than traditional tiles, but its tiles are thicker.
There is inherent thermal linear expansion, which must be taken into account during installation.
Quite massive elements require precise alignment of the rafter system. Deviations in the plane of the rafter legs should not exceed 2 mm per meter.

Concrete tiles are suitable for landscaping pitched roofs. Valleys and overhangs are reinforced with strips of roofing steel. The pitch of the sheathing is determined according to the type of profile and the steepness of the slopes. If the angle of inclination is less than 16º, a continuous sheathing and a waterproofing carpet made of a diffusion membrane are installed. For fastening you will need galvanized screws or roofing nails.

Care should be taken during transportation and installation, as... bitumen shingles break. Attempts to restore them are pointless. Roof repairs are carried out using the usual method for any tile.

The desire of the developers to make the piece concrete roof more similar to the ceramic prototype gave rise to the idea of replacing Portland cement with a polymer component. This is how a polymer-sand piece coating with thinner and impact-resistant elements appeared. The color range is richer, the price is slightly higher. It is installed and repaired in the same way as concrete tiles.

“Slate” family

Sheet corrugated slate is still in demand in low-rise construction. Its popularity is justified by its affordable price and acceptable service life. It is made by molding a mixture of Portland cement and asbestos diluted with water. In the production of foreign brands they use metal gaskets, ensuring the accuracy of wave geometry. You can get rid of the dull gray color of the coating by painting.

In addition to the standard stone advantages, the slate piggy bank includes:

The sheet area is convenient for installers, thereby reducing labor costs for installing the sheathing and fastening the elements.
Light weight compared to stone counterparts.
Large wavy profile, facilitating efforts to join and align sheets.

The disadvantages include insufficient water resistance. Daily testing of the coating for strength in heavy rain ends with getting wet with the possibility of leaks. The material is fragile; a hole in it can be left by a roofer’s foot stepping on a wave or a heavy stone.

The coating is laid over bitumen waterproofing, directing the waves along the slopes. The base can be a wooden rafter system or steel beams. They are attached to the slats with nails or screws with a rubber sealing washer. The wave of the outermost sheet acts as a guide when laying the next one. To replace a damaged element, the fasteners of adjacent sheets are loosened, the screws of the defective sheet are unscrewed, and the sheet itself is dismantled. After replacement, all loose points are tightened again.

Those wishing to equip a roof with high slopes have a reason to purchase asbestos slate without waves. The roof will resemble noble slate tiles, but will cost much less. For fans of colored roofs, we offer an asbestos-free member of the slate family. It is made from fiber-reinforced Portland cement. And then a bituminous soft brother appeared - Euroslate.

Metal roofing materials

Metal roofing is a generalized technical term for a number of coatings that are in demand in construction. Rolled or sheet roofing steel and profiled steel sheets are used in the construction. The most popular now is roofing steel with a protective and decorative polymer shell. Although there are fans of roofs, canopies, and awnings made of simple galvanized metal. Adherents of long-lasting coatings prefer roofing aluminum, an alloy of titanium with zinc and copper, which acquires an elegant patina over the years.

Metal coverings are laid on pitched roofs with a slope of 5º or more. When installing pitched roofs, snow guards must be installed to prevent avalanches of snow. The base for a metal roof can be a wooden rafter system with a sheathing made of bars or boards, steel beams with a profile pipe welded or screwed to it. Before installing a light metal roof, there is no need to strengthen building structures.

Rolled and sheet roofing steel

In the roofing industry, hot-rolled and cold-rolled coil and sheet steel are used. Hot rolled material is cheaper. Steel strips and sheets are joined on the ground using seams. The roofing card modules obtained as a result of folding are lifted to the site, where they are connected to each other with a standing seam. Standing, also known as vertical, seams are made in longitudinal seams, while recumbent, also known as horizontal, are made in transverse joints. Ideally, the number of transverse seams should be kept to a minimum because they are not completely airtight.

Advantages of seam roofs:

Almost perfect tightness, the highest in comparison with known types of coatings.
Light weight.
There are no overlaps – areas of potential danger of leaks.
The ability to lay roof coverings of complex geometric configurations, including vaulted and arched structures.
Resistance to fire spread.

Among the disadvantages, the most significant are the low insulating qualities. Therefore, when arranging the roofs of residential buildings, insulation is unquestioningly used. Poorly installed metal roofs are noisy, so it is advisable to entrust their installation to experienced contractors. If the base is level and the parts are secured according to the rules, it will not rattle from gusts of wind.

Seam roofs are constructed using sheathing installed in 20cm increments. It is impossible to fasten the slats less frequently, otherwise the noise will be disturbing. Continuous plank flooring is installed on the eaves and in the valleys. Fastening to the sheathing is carried out using floating devices - clamps, which provide the metal with the ability to move freely when heated. The transportation process is worry-free. Minor holes in the metal coating can be patched with your own hands.

Cards are attached by folding for the construction of aluminum, zinc-titanium and copper roofs, under which a continuous sheathing is constructed from boards, moisture-resistant plywood, OSB panels, etc. The advantages of non-ferrous metals include external aristocracy and long service life.

Profiled metal flooring

Profiling - the formation of corrugations and waves gives the sheet metal additional rigidity and provides ventilation to the under-roof space. Profiled roofing coverings differ in the type and size of the profile. They produce corrugated sheets in the form of large sheets and small modules, made of galvanized steel, aluminum, and copper. In order to improve performance and decorative properties, the outer side is coated with polymers or mineral granules.

Advantages of profiled metal:

Dimensions to minimize the number of butt seams.
Extensive color palette.
Easy installation.
Attractive price.
The ability to be used as a base for laying a more presentable coating in the future.

The corrugated sheet is attached to a wooden or metal sheathing. The sheets are laid overlapping, the outer corrugation serves as a guide. Fasten the covering with hex head screws. mandatory use rubber sealing washer.

During transportation, it is not advisable to crumple the sheets so as not to damage the outer protective and decorative layer. Although it is equipped with a film, it can peel off. In the process of attaching sheets to the sheathing, it is recommended to move along boards laid across several corrugated boards. If you have to step on the coating, it is better to do it in a lower profile.

Corrugated sheeting does not require repair for an average of 7 years, after which it should be painted at intervals of 2-3 years. It is repaired as it should be for metal roofs. Sheets with more than 30% damage must be replaced.

Metal tiles - a type of corrugated sheeting

Metal tiles are a variation on the theme of corrugated sheets. The difference is that in addition to longitudinal waves, it also has transverse steps. The material is produced with a lower set of accessories. simple, but quite labor-intensive. The downside is that it is preferable to cover roofs with simple geometry with it. There is too much waste when arranging hip and hip structures.

Roofing made of light-conducting plastics

Light roofs are constructed from transparent or matte plastic over verandas, gazebos, terraces, canopies are installed over the porch and the upper shell of skylights. Flexible material suitable for creating arched ceilings. Supplied in sheets and panels.

The family of roofing plastics includes:

Cellular or cellular polycarbonate, divided inside the sheet into two, three, four tiers of longitudinal channel-cells. It is attached to a metal or wooden sheathing with self-tapping screws and sealing-insulating washers. The sheets are connected to each other with polymer or aluminum profiles.
Profiled PVC that looks like corrugated sheeting. It is laid in a similar way, secured with screws and thermal washers.
Polyester with glass fiber reinforcement. Inexpensive roll coating is used in the arrangement of large-area objects. Examples of private use: greenhouses, winter gardens, swimming pools.

Plastics perfectly withstand the entire range of atmospheric phenomena. Quick to install and easy to repair. There is practically no rejection after transportation. When fastening, it is necessary to take into account the ability to expand with increasing temperature.

Roofs made of shingles and shingles

The low fire resistance of piece plates cut from coniferous wood does not always stop advocates of eco-style. The elements are laid like tiles on wooden sheathing, designed so that one shingle rests on three laths at once. The result is a three-layer coating capable of releasing household fumes. The most popular is the shingled covering made from Siberian larch.

In the presented review of rigid types of roofing for arranging the roofs of private houses, we described some of the materials most often used by owners of country estates. In reality, there are much more options. Moreover, their ranks are replenished with enviable regularity.

In order for the roof to fulfill its task, in addition to a solid frame structure, it requires an appropriate coating - durable, airtight, and aesthetically pleasing. The use of the wrong roofing material can result in disastrous results - from financial losses caused by continuous repairs, up to serious accidents that occur, for example, as a result of the collapse of the frame. It is also desirable that the roofing material is easy to install - there is less risk of errors. There are different types of roofing materials, and they all have characteristic features, knowledge of which will help you make the right choice in each specific case.

An important criterion when choosing roofing materials is the complexity of the roof structure. For simple structures, without decorative elements, it is advisable to use various types of sheet roofing, which allows roofing work as soon as possible. Below are the main types of roofing materials that are most suitable for this purpose.

Metal tiles are a roofing material that is made from galvanized steel sheets 0.4-1.25 mm thick, with an organic coating with a thickness of 25 microns (polyester coatings) to 200 microns (plastoizol). Weight 1 sq.m. coating ranges from 4.2 – 6.5 kg. Products can be supplied in sheets or in modules ( modular metal tiles). A standard module has dimensions of 350-400 mm in length and about 1100 mm in width, and the sheet can reach several meters in length - one sheet of metal tile is on average 6 square meters. roofs. The service life of metal tiles is 30-50 years.

Metal tiles are used in various industrial facilities and residential buildings, for roofing roofs with an inclination angle of 9 - 12°. The sheets are attached to the sheathing with self-tapping screws with special sealing caps. The pitch between the sheathing elements is from 35 to 40 cm, depending on the angle of the roof.

Pros and cons of this type of roofing:

advantages - ease of installation, relatively high strength with low weight, wide range of colors, low price;
disadvantages - large amount of waste, poor thermal insulation properties.

Profiled sheets are made from the same material as metal tiles and using similar technology, but are used mainly for domestic and industrial purposes, for example, for covering industrial buildings or shops. They produce corrugated sheets of various profiles (trapezoid, wave, etc.) and various colors. Thanks to production technology, this material, with proper installation, can last up to 50 years.

Corrugated sheet is a durable type of roofing material and can be safely used on long roofs. The sheet is attached to the sheathing with self-tapping screws with a sealing gasket, on any roof with an inclination angle of 10° or more. At a small angle of inclination, the seams should be treated with sealant.

The relatively low price and ease of installation have made it in demand in the most various fields construction. Among the positive and negative properties of the material, the following should be mentioned:

advantages - ease of installation, lightness and high strength of the resulting structure;
flaws - poor thermal insulation, questionable aesthetics of the finished roof.

Corrugated sheeting, like other sheet metal roofing materials, is characterized by high noise levels, which is why the roof needs additional sound insulation.

Ondulin

To produce ondulin sheets, pulp and paper fibers, purified bitumen and polymer resins are used. Ondulin sheets are painted in various colors temperature resistant paint. The material is used as a covering for residential buildings, single- and multi-storey buildings, agricultural facilities, as well as public facilities. The sheets have a wavy profile, length – 2000 mm, width – 950 mm. With a sheet thickness of 3.0 mm, its weight is only 6.5 kg. This, as well as ease of installation, allows you to do the roof yourself.

Ondulin sheets are attached to the sheathing with special nails. Installation on roofs with an angle of 6° is possible, the pitch of the sheathing elements is from 30 cm. The material is easily cut with a regular hacksaw, which simplifies working with it.

For all its attractiveness, ondulin, in addition to its positive properties, also has disadvantages:

advantages - resistant to corrosion, maintenance-free, safe for health and environment, has good sound insulation;
disadvantages – low level fire safety, relatively short term operation (up to 25 years).

Slate

Asbestos cement sheets, better known as slate, are characterized by high strength and durability. Today, both flat and corrugated slate are on sale, as well as a painted version. Wavy slate comes in six, seven and eight waves. Quite a heavy building material, with a length of 1750 mm and a width of 980 - 1130 mm, depending on the thickness, it can weigh up to 25 kg.

The slate is mounted on a sheathing made of timber with a cross-section from 50 mm to 75 mm, in increments of 50 cm. If the roof inclination angle is less than 22°, then the sheathing must be reinforced. The slate is secured with special roofing nails.

Pros and cons of slate:

advantages - service life of about 40 years, low price, high fire resistance;
disadvantages - fragility, low moisture resistance.

Taking this into account, slate can only be used for outbuildings.

This roofing material is made from galvanized sheet steel, 05 and 0.7 mm thick, coated with a protective and decorative color coating. It can have either a completely flat surface or a wavy or trapezoidal profile, which serves to strengthen long sheets and minimize the effect of deformation that sometimes appears as a result of exposure to high temperatures. Sheets are available in various widths. The length is selected to the size of a particular slope. On small roofs (with a slope length of up to 10 m), one sheet can cover the entire length.

The roof got its name because of the way the individual elements were connected. The edges running from the eaves to the ridge are connected with a standing seam, and the transverse edges of the roof slope are connected with a rebated seam. The connection can be single or double. During installation, the side edges are joined with a fold, moving from the cornice to the ridge. The panels are secured to the sheathing using special fasteners (clamps).

Seam roofing is used in residential and industrial construction. Her strengths and weaknesses:

advantages - high flexibility and low weight, aesthetics, no risk of fire, immunity to low temperatures;
Disadvantages - difficulty of installation, noise.

When selecting roofing materials and analyzing their properties, one should take into account the severity of certain atmospheric phenomena in a given region of the country (wind strength, intensity of rain and snow). For example, the roofs of houses in mountainous areas must have a large angle of inclination in order to easily get rid of snow. In areas where strong gusty winds are common, it is advisable to choose heavy types of roofing materials for the roof rather than lightweight metal coverings.

Soft roofing and its varieties

There are several types of soft roofing on the building materials market, which are widely used both on the roofs of industrial buildings and in private construction, especially on roofs with a large number architectural elements.

Flexible tiles - fiberglass plus bitumen

Bituminous shingles, often also called shingles, flexible tiles, etc., are similar in structure to classic roofing felt. Technically, it differs little from it, since its design also uses a core in the form of a strong base (cellulose, fiberglass or plastic), which is impregnated with bitumen mass and covered with stone chips. Advantage bitumen shingles is the possibility of its installation on roofs of any configuration.

Suitable for most roofs with a slope of 12° or more. If we're talking about about the upper boundary, the roof can be very steep, up to the vertical planes. Flexible tiles are attached to a continuous sheathing made of plywood or OSB boards. Brief description:

advantages - resistance to negative influence weather conditions, various types of deformation, simple installation that does not require special skills and equipment, good sound insulation, long service life;
disadvantages - it is difficult to replace one element, it heats up quickly under the scorching sun, quite a high price.

Roll fused roofing

It consists of two layers of bitumen, between which a supporting base is placed, then a layer of polymer and a mineral coating on top. Polyester, fiberglass or fiberglass is used as a base. The main area of application of rolled roofing materials is industrial construction and buildings for utility purposes. The optimal slope slope for one layer is 9 – 22°, for two layers 3 – 15°.

Roofing strips are fused onto a cleaned surface treated with a bitumen-based primer using a torch. Each strip should overlap the previous one by at least 10 cm. High-quality deposited material can last up to 30 years.

This is perhaps the most budget option roofing - all types of bitumen-based rolled roofing materials are characterized by a low price. The pros and cons of this material are as follows:

advantages - good vapor permeability, lightness, environmental friendliness;
disadvantages - low fire resistance, not very attractive appearance.

This product is a type of new generation roll materials. Produced PVC membranes, TYPE and EPDM. The nominal thickness of the product is 1.80 mm, 2.20 mm and 2.50 mm (in this case, the homogeneous waterproof membrane layer has a thickness of 1.20, 1.50 and 1.80 mm, respectively). Dimensions 2*20 m.

Sealing is carried out by welding with hot air, without the use of additional preparations. Thanks to this, the connection is homogeneous, its strength is higher than the strength of the material itself, and the seam itself retains all the advantages of the base material. The production of materials is carried out in compliance with high environmental standards. If the roof inclination angle is more than 10°, then the membrane is secured mechanically. The main pros and cons of the material:

advantages – resistance to mechanical stress, water resistance, ease of installation;
disadvantages - increased requirements for the base, exposure to aggressive chemicals.

Self-leveling roofing - applied directly to concrete

Using self-leveling roofing, they create a single (without joints), elastic, light and durable (up to 15 years) coating. To cover flat roofs, bitumen-rubber or polyurethane (polyurethane foam or polyurethane elastomers) masses are used. All of them are supplied ready for use on construction.

A prerequisite for a good coating is proper preparation of the base. It must be durable, with a uniform structure; before starting work it must be cleaned, leveled and primed. On flat roofs you can do without reinforcement. If the angle of inclination is more than 2°, then in order to avoid drainage of the mass, the surface is reinforced (with fiberglass tapes, polyamide, polyester or polypropylene mesh). In any case, the use of reinforcement increases the service life of the roof. In addition to its advantages, the material also has some disadvantages:

advantages - no seams, perfect fit to the base, ease of use and relatively low price;
Disadvantages - increased requirements for the foundation.

Like other building materials, the main types of roofing materials, in addition to their undeniable individual advantages, are not without some disadvantages. Therefore, when choosing a roof covering, you should carefully analyze the conditions in which the building will be used.

Roofing materials used in the construction of any building. Today, a variety of types are used to cover the roof. Some of them are suitable for country mansions and dachas, others for outbuildings, and others for city houses. To choose the right roofing materials, you need to have a clear understanding of the properties of each of them. In this article we will look at the main criteria for choosing a material, as well as popular types of coatings.

What to consider when choosing suitable materials

General roof loads. It must withstand the effects of wind, as well as a lot of precipitation. The weight of the coating is selected in such a way that there is no excess load on the rafter system.
Material characteristics. These include resistance to corrosion, fire safety, mechanical strength, durability, etc.
Roof configuration. For roofs with complex geometric shapes, you need to choose the appropriate material.
Purpose of the building. The material is selected depending on the type of building (residential building, outbuilding, etc.).
Price. It is also one of the decisive factors and affects the final cost of the coating and its installation.

Sheet roofing

Metal tiles

Externally, this roof covering looks very beautiful. It can easily be confused with expensive ceramic tiles. The roofing material is made of cold-rolled steel sheet (-mm thick) with zinc coating and protective varnish. Ready sheet has a mass of 3-5 kg per 1 m 2. used as a roof for the roofs of industrial buildings, private houses, as well as for kiosks, garages, etc. Often a flat roof is framed with metal tiles (it is laid at a slope), resulting in a false roof. The main advantages of the material include speed and ease of fastening, relatively low weight, convenient transportation and affordable cost.

Corrugated sheet

It is made of cold rolled steel with hot dip galvanization. Sheets can be corrugated and rectangular. The material is coated on all sides with a zinc or aluzinc layer. There is additional polymer protection on top. Corrugated sheeting comes in the form of a wave, trapezoid, and also a rectangle. The following grades of corrugated sheet are used for roofing: H57, H60, C8, HC35, C21, C44. Such roofing materials can be used in the construction of outbuildings (sheds, garages, etc.). They often cover the roofs of shops, industrial enterprises, car washes. The advantages of roofing material are easy installation, high strength, long service life and low price.

Ondulin

This coating is also called aqualine and euroslate. Ondulin consists of thin cellulose fibers, which are impregnated with bitumen and various polymer additives. The coating is painted with heat-resistant polymer paint (1 or 2 layers) and looks quite attractive. The sheets weigh approximately 6.5 kg. They are usually made in the form of waves. Ondulin can be used to cover sheds, garages and bathhouses. The material bends easily, making it great for organizing complex roof. Advantages of the roofing material: high ability to withstand heavy loads, water resistance, environmental friendliness, hygiene, noiselessness (the sound of drops is practically inaudible even in heavy rain), low weight, simple transportation and installation.

Slate

It is one of the most affordable roofing materials. The covering consists of Portland cement and asbestos. Standard Sheet has a mass of 10-15 kg. Slate can have 6, 7 and 8 waves. They are usually used to cover outdoor toilets, sheds, and other utility buildings. The main advantages of the material include low cost, non-flammability, ease of processing and bending strength.

Seam roofing

It is made of smooth steel sheets (galvanized or not, with or without a polymer protective layer), which prevent moisture from lingering on the roof. The roof got its name because of the special connection of the sheets - the fold. It can be standing or lying, single or double. The width of the sheets is fastened together with recumbent folds, and the length - standing folds. This type of roofing is one of the most reliable ways of arranging a roof. With its help you can achieve a tight connection metal sheets. The roofing material also has an attractive appearance and durability. It does not burn, is lightweight, can withstand low temperatures and is characterized by high flexibility. Thanks to this latter quality, they can be used to cover roofs of even complex geometric shapes. Seam roofing can be used to organize the roofs of cathedrals and manor-type houses. It can also cover industrial structures.

Soft roof

Flexible tiles

To make it, fiberglass is taken and impregnated with bitumen with a modifier. After this, slate or basalt chips are applied to the roofing materials. The latter protects against the negative effects of ultraviolet radiation, gives color and a three-dimensional pattern. A self-adhesive layer of bitumen with polymer is applied to the tile from the inside out. usually used for roofs of complex geometric shapes, as well as for finishing the attic. Advantages flexible tiles: attractive appearance, flexibility, resistance to corrosion and condensation, quietness.

Roll fused roofing

It is also called stekloizol or hydroisol. Such roofing materials are made from fiberglass, fiberglass or polyester. The base is filled with oxidized bitumen; for durability and elasticity, a modifier is added to it: APP (atactic polypropylene) or SBS (styrene-butadiene-styrene). After this, a layer of polymer is applied and a topping of fine slate, sand or mica is made. The coating is used on flat roofs of high-rise buildings (industrial and residential). In a private house it is used to construct waterproofing. Advantages: moisture and fire resistance, environmental friendliness, low price and low weight.

Flat membrane roofing

It has a thickness of 0.8-2 mm and can be of 3 types: TPO (thermoplastic olefins or polyolefins), EPDM (ethylene propylene diene monomer) and PVC (polyvinyl chloride). The latter is not environmentally friendly, but can reliably protect against ultraviolet radiation and is not subject to combustion. EPDM membranes are durable and environmentally friendly. TPO membranes are also safe for human health, as they consist of thermoplastic olefins with mesh reinforcement. Such roofing materials are used on flat roofs of public and residential buildings. Main advantages: high moisture resistance and chip resistance, quick installation, large width, which allows you to cover different types of roofs.

Piece roofing materials

Ceramic tiles

The tiles are made from clay by high-temperature firing. After this, it becomes very strong and hard and acquires a beautiful brown color with a reddish tint. Some types of tiles are glazed before firing. This is necessary to increase its water-repellent properties. Ready-made roofing materials (tiles) have a mass of 2 kg, length and width of approximately 30 cm. There are many types: flat and grooved tape, single- and double-wave, stamped grooved, ceramic row, grooved. Such roofing materials are used to cover roofs in brick, stone and wooden houses. Among the advantages: non-flammability, optimal sound insulation, resistance to temperature changes, corrosion, aesthetics, economical operation (gutter cleaning and maintenance are carried out once a year).

Sand-cement tiles

This coating is made from a solution of sand and cement, which is pressed under pressure. Iron oxides act as dyes. They make the tiles look like ceramic ones. Glaze is applied on top of the product (sometimes there is no coating). The surface of the tile is smooth or has a convex profile pattern. The tile weighs approximately 35-40 kg (per 1 m2). The roof is suitable for houses made of stone, brick or wood. Advantages: resistance to ultraviolet radiation, chemicals, and low temperatures.

Slate roofing

The coating is made from natural material - slate. The tile has a thickness of 4 mm and a weight of up to 25 kg (per 1 m2). The roof is made by hand. The width of one tile is 15-30 cm, length - 20-60 cm. This roofing is suitable for the roofs of any houses. Pros: very long term service, beautiful appearance, moisture and fire resistance, frost resistance.

Self-leveling roofing

This covering is also called mastic roofing. It is a special type of membrane. This is a viscous liquid made from oligomers. Mastic roofing hardens in air. It turns into an elastic film and has excellent adhesion to metal, concrete and bitumen. It is on these surfaces that it should be applied. It is optimal to use in regions with harsh winters or very hot summers. Self-leveling roofing can be unreinforced, reinforced or combined. Advantages: quick installation, environmental friendliness, no seams, frost and fire resistance, high degree of moisture protection.

Roof installation. Metal tiles. Installation instructions for standing seam roofing.

Selection of building and finishing materials during construction country house or a cottage must be done already at the design stage, and roofing for the roof is no exception. The market offers a huge selection of products that differ in composition, physical and mechanical properties, appearance and cost. Before purchasing, it is advisable to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various materials, calculate the price and installation costs, and also take into account the nuances of the building design itself (purpose, number of floors, shape of the roof structure, etc.).

Popular types of materials for roofs Source liveposts.ru

What to consider when choosing

Before purchasing roofing products, you need to pay attention to the following points:

Strength. The finished coating should be as resistant to snow and wind load as possible.

Weight. Roofing material should not create excessive load on the rafters and foundation of the house. For this reason, for light buildings on a pile foundation, a soft roof, ondulin, is usually chosen, and for houses on a strip or slab foundation, any type of product is suitable, including natural tiles, the mass of which is the greatest.

Service life. For cottages, they usually purchase material that retains its properties for at least 50 years, and for country houses and outbuildings, they buy varieties that are more affordable, but last less (15-25 years).

Safety. High-quality products should not contain toxic substances.

Another factor that people pay attention to when choosing the type of roofing for a roof is price: in Moscow for 1 sq. we will have to pay an average of 500-900 rubles. The most accessible types are corrugated sheets, slate and soft roof, composite and ceramic tiles are the most expensive.

The roof of a residential building is an important element of its appearance Source stroicod.ru

Also, when purchasing roofing building materials, it is necessary to take into account the purpose of the house (for permanent, temporary, seasonal residence), the shape of the roof (flat, gable, multi-slope, asymmetrical, domed, etc.). It is necessary to pay attention to the compatibility of the shade of the product with the color scheme of the future building: this is especially important for residential buildings and cottages, which should be not only cozy and reliable, but also aesthetically attractive.

Metal roofing: types, pros and cons, cost

Metal roofing uses great success and combines practicality with affordability and relatively quick installation. Such materials can last 15-20 years, withstand heavy loads, but are susceptible to icing, require careful insulation, and due to low sound insulation, it will be too uncomfortable on the upper floors during rain or hail.

Metal materials: 1 – metal tiles, 2 – corrugated sheets, 3 – seam roofing Source tr.skopelitissa.com

Today on the market you can find the following types:

Metal tiles. It is made of galvanized steel, the outer side imitates the design of natural tiles. Pros: high strength, ability to install over old flooring, fire safety, large selection of colors. Cons: high thermal conductivity, noise during rain. Price per square meter– 300-600 rubles.

Profiled sheet. These are corrugated sheets, they are attached to the sheathing using special screws. The quality of a profiled sheet does not differ from metal tiles, its appearance is less aesthetic, but the cost is 250-350 rubles per meter.

Seam roofing. It was named after the type of connection - the fold: the element has a snap-on design. This roofing material is reliable and looks more aesthetically pleasing. The cost of a seam roof per meter is 500-700 rubles.

Natural tiles

If you plan to build a block, brick house for permanent residence, your budget allows you to purchase more expensive material, you can pay attention to tiles.

Roofing made from natural tiles looks the most aesthetically pleasing Source krovlyaregion.ru

There are several varieties of these products on the market, which differ in composition, properties and price. The most common ceramic tiles, which are made from clay by firing high temperature in special ovens. The coating is resistant to mechanical and climatic influences, does not fade in the sun, has high fire resistance, and retains its ideal appearance for 100-150 years. However ceramic tiles can be mounted only if the rafter system is designed for a heavy load: the material is too heavy. The cost of products starts from 1500-1700 rubles.

For finishing a cottage in a traditional European style You can choose slate tiles, which have been known since the Middle Ages and are suitable for cladding roofs of all shapes and sizes. Natural slate has excellent thermal insulation properties, does not create noise during rain and hail, and does not crack from external influences and does not fade in the sun. The service life is 150-200 years. The price of such products is about 400-600 rubles per tile.

The slate coating looks very unusual Source rmnt.mirtesen.ru

Another popular variety is cement-sand roof tiles. Such products are practically indistinguishable from their ceramic counterparts and have the same pros and cons, with the exception of their service life: it varies between 80-100 years. In addition, this variety is cheaper: the price per square meter is 400-500 rubles. The material is suitable for pitched roofs with a slope of 20-60 degrees; steeper surfaces will require additional waterproofing.

Types of soft roofing

Flexible roofing materials are considered very popular: they are universal and, due to their low weight, are suitable for any building, be it a brick cottage or a summerhouse. Flexible roof It is resistant to temperature changes, easy to install, has high sound insulation, and is safe. The average service life is 15-17 years, subject to proper installation. One of the most popular varieties is built-up roofing. These products are most often black, but you can also find options with basalt topping in different shades. The cost of a roll varies between 700-1200 rubles.

Source teh-krov.ru

Another variety - soft tiles: it imitates the design of a ceramic analogue and has a multilayer structure. The base is made of fiberglass or polyester, covered with a bitumen composition, on top there is a substrate and mineral coating (top layer). There are the following types of roofing of this type:

Class A tiles. It has a high level of fire safety and retains its properties and appearance for at least 20 years.

Class C tiles. The base is roofing cardboard, which has less wear resistance. The service life does not exceed 15-20 years.

Manufacturers offer this material with different shapes of elements, from rectangles to imitation shingles. The cost is 250-450 rubles per square meter, depending on the manufacturer, design and composition.

Other products

The range is not limited to the materials mentioned above; customers can choose and buy other types of roofing materials. Among them there are both modern options(for example, composite products) and traditional types of coatings.

Other types of roofing: 1 – composite tiles, 2 – slate, 3 – ondulin Source tr.skopelitissa.com

For example, in the last 5-7 years, composite tiles have become increasingly popular. It has a steel base with an aluzinc coating and basalt topping, and is characterized by increased strength, a variety of colors, long-term operation (more than 100 years), and excellent heat and sound insulation. This material weighs less than its natural counterparts, does not fade in the sun, and is relatively inexpensive - 500-700 rubles per square meter.

Video description

About the types and properties of roofing in the video:

Another popular coating is ondulin, or euroslate. It is made from cellulose fibers impregnated with polymer; the sheets have a corrugated structure. The products are lightweight, practical, easy to transport and install, the cost of a sheet is 500-650 rubles. The closest analogue is classic asbestos-cement slate, which is heavier, more fragile, requires regular maintenance and careful waterproofing, but is cheaper - 200-250 rubles per piece. Most often, slate roofing is installed on non-residential buildings and extensions.

The right choice of material is the key to creating a beautiful and reliable roof Source roomester.ru

On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer turnkey roof design and repair services. You can communicate directly with representatives by visiting the “Low-Rise Country” exhibition of houses.

Conclusion

Before building a country house or cottage, it is important to study what types of roofing materials there are, their types and prices. On the market you can find both natural and artificial varieties in any price segment, from economical to premium. The choice should be made taking into account the design features of the future building, your own aesthetic preferences and budget.

The variety of roofs misleads the average person who is inexperienced in construction.

When considering roof options, it is difficult to determine what exactly is needed for a future structure and which one is appropriate to build in a particular case.

In addition, you want the roof to be not only beautiful, but also strong, durable, and meet all requirements. The variety of designs allows architectural designers to turn all the most unpredictable projects into reality.

There are different types of roofs of private houses, we will talk about them now.

A pitched roof is a rectangular plane resting on opposite load-bearing walls.

There is a pitched roof:

Ventilated;
unventilated.

Design Features

Directly depends on the slope. Since the slope of the structure is affected not only by the finishing coating, but by the feature climatic conditions, That all these values should be calculated correctly.

An important indicator for the design of any roof is also the total load.

Slope angle

Directly depends on the coating material: coatings differ in their ability to retain snow precipitation.

It is recommended to select materials for covering a pitched roof based on their ability to self-clean from snow.

In addition, depending on the natural features, in places where winds prevail, the area is not sufficiently protected by trees, it is recommended to change the angle of the slope.

Options for a pitched roof truss system

WITH tropic roof structure with one slope can be:

Sliding;
layered;
hanging.

It is most often made from wooden elements for various purposes.

Rafter system of a pitched roof

Installation features

The installation of a single-pitched rafter structure is carried out on the Mauerlat.

If a hanging frame is being installed, a truss is first made on the ground. The entire structure is manufactured according to a given template.

The roof can be equipped with an insulation system. To do this, install the elements necessary for a warm roof.

The final covering of the roof is a protective covering material.

Advantages and disadvantages of a pitched roof

Despite the ease of installation and simple design, the lean-to system has its own characteristics.

Advantages:

Inexpensive design;
ease of installation;
resistance to strong winds.

Repair work during operation at pitched roof It’s not difficult to produce and not too expensive.

Flaws:

The need for snow removal;
low height of the attic space. The advantages of this type are strength and reliability in terms of resistance to the vagaries of the weather.

Shed roof

Gable roof

The design, which consists of two slopes, is called gable.

Gable structures can be classified according to the location of the slopes:

symmetrical;
asymmetrical;
broken;
multi-level;
gable with a ridge on the slope.

Additionally, other configurations can be designed gable roofs: broken from one slope, double broken, with extended canopies or extensions.

Design options

Particular attention is paid to the load.

Besides, The angle of inclination is important in accordance with the coating.

Quite simple, with the correct determination of all indicators (angle, roof load, natural load) the roof will be reliable and durable.

Tilt angle

The average amount of snowfall in the region is taken into account when calculating the roof load. Besides this, the strength of the wind currents affects the slope of the slope.

With different slopes for different materials, a certain one corresponds. All materials have their own indicators.

Rafter system

It can have a layered, hanging, or combined design.

The rafter structure option is selected based on the span between the external walls. In addition to the rafter beams, the structural elements of the rafter system are: ridge, Mauerlat, crossbar, tie rods, and other elements.

Each of the additional elements distributes the load, fixes or strengthens the more vulnerable parts of the structure.

Rafter system gable roof

Installation

When installing a gable roof basic steps need to be followed:

Install beams;
secure the sheathing;
install roofing.

If the rafter legs are lengthened, additional slats are installed under the overhang.

Advantages and disadvantages

The gable roof is the most common roofing model.

This is due to the advantage of this design:

Possibility of arranging an attic;
there is no need to clear the snow from the surface yourself;
simple project;
variety of coatings.

Flaws:

Dependence of roof height on span;
when arranging an attic room, additional structural reinforcement and arrangement is required window systems and heating elements.

A gable roof is not the best complex design, and when fully equipped, it is the most in demand.

Gable roof