Worldview. Concept and classification
Worldview - a set of views and ideas of a person about the world around him, society and man’s place in the world.
Worldview structure: knowledge, spiritual values, principles, ideals, beliefs.
Forms of worldview:
attitude - a visual-sensory, figurative sense of the integrity of the world and one’s place in the world, based on personal experience, myth, social experience;
worldview - visual, but containing individual reasoning, abstract concepts, theoretical explanations, a representation of the surrounding world, its laws and oneself as part of this world;
worldview - based on a holistic theory, abstract and universal, a well-founded understanding of the essence of the world and the essence of man, a clear idea of the meaning of one’s life and a consistent pursuit of it.
Types of worldview:
ordinary, the source of which is personal experience or public opinion associated with everyday activities. It is specific, accessible, simple, gives clear and understandable answers to everyday questions;
religious, the source of which is a certain authority endowed with access to supernatural knowledge. It is holistic, answers spiritual questions, questions about the meaning of life;
scientific, based on rationally processed experience. It is conclusive, clear and strict, but does not solve life problems person;
philosophical, based on reason turned to itself. It is evidence-based, reasonable, holistic, but difficult to access.
1.3. Types of knowledge
Knowledge - the result of cognitive activity.
Cognition - activities aimed at gaining knowledge about the world around us, society and people.
Structure of cognition:
subject (the one who carries out cognition - a person or society as a whole);
object (what cognition is directed at);
knowledge (the result of cognition).
Forms of knowledge:
1. Sensual - cognition through the senses, giving direct knowledge about the external aspects of objects. There are three stages of sensory knowledge:
A) feeling - reflection of individual properties and qualities of objects that directly affect the senses;
b) perception - formation of a holistic image that reflects the integrity of objects and their properties that directly affect the senses;
V) performance - a generalized sensory-visual image of objects and phenomena, which is preserved in consciousness even in the absence of direct influence on the senses.
2. Rational - cognition through thinking, reflecting the essence of cognizable objects. There are three stages of rational knowledge:
a) concept - a form of thought that distinguishes objects according to essential characteristics and generalizes them into a class;
b) judgment - a form of thought that affirms or denies a certain state of affairs, a certain situation;
c) inference - a form of thought that moves from existing judgments to new ones.
Types of knowledge:
1. ordinary - knowledge acquired through practical activities and social interaction
2. mythological - figurative knowledge passed on from generation to generation
3. religious - knowledge based on belief in the supernatural
4. artistic - based on subjective creative revelation
5. scientific - systematic, theoretical, experimentally confirmed knowledge.
6. pseudoscientific - knowledge that imitates science, but is not science.
Epistemology - a branch of philosophy that studies knowledge, namely, the possibilities and limits of knowledge, methods of obtaining knowledge. In epistemology there are two main approaches:
epistemological pessimism (knowledge is impossible or significantly limited);
epistemological optimism (knowledge is possible).
Within the framework of pessimism there are:
the extreme direction is agnosticism, which considers all knowledge impossible, and all knowledge false;
and skepticism, doubting the possibilities of reliable knowledge.
Epistemological optimism is divided into empiricism and rationalism. Empiricists (sensualists) argue that cognition is based only on data from the senses. Rationalists believe that knowledge should be based only on reason.
Novosibirsk College of Electronics
For the course “Social Studies”
Human worldview
Completed
student 122 groups
Prudnikov S.G.
I checked
Cherepanova E.V.
Novosibirsk 2003
Introduction........................................................ .............3
1.What is a worldview? .......................................4
2.What is the worldview? ................................4
3. Three main types of worldview...................................5
3.1 Everyday worldview……………………….5
3.2 Religious worldview……………………...6
3.3 Scientific worldview...................................................7
4. Consciously formed worldview......8
5.Society and the formation of a worldview......8
5.2 Totalitarian society...................................................8
5.1 Democratic society...................................9
6. Worldview of our era...................................................9
7.Conclusion……………………………………………………………..10
8. List of references used...................................13
Introduction.
There are no two people in the world with the same patterns on their skin.
fingers, no two people have the same fate. Each person is individual and unique. Not even two people
with the same spiritual world. But does this mean that
does nothing unite him with the other?
Of course no. People have a lot in common: their homeland,
place of residence, position in society, language, age.
But what unites also separates: people can
be a different place of residence, a different place in life
society, another language, age. IN spiritual world there too
uniting and separating people: spiritual inte –
res, life positions, value orientations, level
knowledge. Analysis of monuments of spiritual culture of all stages
development of humanity, as well as the analysis of the spiritual world
of our contemporaries, shows that one of the most important -
The most important element is worldview.
1.What is a worldview?
In the simplest, most common understanding
worldview is the totality of a person’s views on
the world that surrounds him. There are other words that are close to the worldview: worldview, worldview. All of them
suggest, on the one hand, the world that surrounds
person, and on the other hand, what is associated with the activity
man: his sensations, contemplation, understanding, his cart -
vision, view of the world.
Worldview differs from other elements of spirituality
of the human world in that it, firstly, represents co-
a person's views are not on any particular side
the world, namely the world as a whole. Secondly, worldview
represents a person’s attitude towards the world around him: is he afraid, is the person afraid of this world, or is he
lives in harmony, in harmony with him?
Thus, the worldview is a complex phenomenon of spirits -
of the new human world.
2.What is the worldview?
First of all, we note that a person’s worldview is not
historical character: every era of human history -
torii has his own level of knowledge, his own problems,
facing people, their approaches to solving them,
their spiritual values.
We can say: how many people, so many worldviews.
However, this will be incorrect. After all, we have already noted that lu -
action not only separates something, but also unites a community
homeland, language, culture, history of its people, property -
military status. People are united by school, character
education, general level of knowledge, common values. Poe –
it is not surprising that people can have similar, about -
leading positions in considering the world, in its awareness and evaluation -
The classification of worldview types can be once -
personal. Thus, in the history of philosophy, several approaches to the development of worldviews can be traced. Some of them give priority to God (theocentrism) or nature (nature-centrism), others - to man (anthropocentrism), or to society (sociocentrism), or to knowledge, science (knowledge-centrism, science-centrism). Sometimes worldviews are divided into progressive and reactionary.
3. Three types of worldview
The following types of world carriers are widely distinguished:
point of view: everyday, religious, scientific.
3.1 Ordinary worldview
The everyday worldview arises in a person’s life in
the process of his personal practical activity, which is why it is sometimes called the everyday worldview. Views
in this case, are not justified by religious arguments or scientific data. It is formed spontaneously,
especially if the person was not interested in worldview -
what questions in educational institution, did not study on my own -
specifically philosophy, was not familiar with the content of religion -
oznyh teachings. Of course, it cannot be completely ruled out that
knowledge of religions or achievements of science, for man is constant -
but communicates with by different people; impact is noticeable
public media. But the preob -
The everyday, everyday basis works. The everyday world carrier -
vision is based on direct life experience
human - and this is its strength, but it makes little use of experience
other people, the experience of science and culture, the experience of religious
consciousness as an element of world culture - this is its strength -
The everyday worldview is very widespread,
since the efforts of educational institutions and church pastors
often they only touch the very surface of the spirit sphere –
a person’s life and do not always leave a noticeable
3.2 Religious worldview
Religious worldview is a worldview, the main ones of which are religious teachings contained in
such monuments of world spiritual culture as the Bible,
Koran, holy books Buddhists, Talmud and a number of others.
Let us recall that religion also contains a certain picture
world, the doctrine of human destiny, commandments, for example -
involved in the formation of his certain way of life,
to save the soul. Religious worldview also has
strong and weak sides. To his strengths Can
include a close connection with world cultural heritage,
orientation towards solving problems related to spiritual
human needs, the desire to give a person faith in
opportunity to achieve set goals.
The weaknesses of the religious worldview are:
there is intransigence towards other positions in life, not -
sufficient attention to the achievements of science, and sometimes their
ignoring. True, in Lately many gods -
words express the idea that theology faces
the task of developing a new way of thinking,
“about proportionality
God to the changes brought about by science and technology.” But on -
while theologians cannot definitely say “which
it is precisely the type of consent that can be established between laboratories -
a stool and a church bench.”
3.3 Scientific worldview
Is the rightful heir to that direction of the world
Philosophical thought, which in its development is constantly
It was based on the achievements of science. It includes a scientific picture of the world, generalized results of the achievement of human knowledge, principles of relationships
people with natural and artificial habitats.
The scientific worldview also has advantages and disadvantages -
statistics. The advantages include its solid foundation -
the achievements of science, the reality contained in it
goals and ideals, organic connection with production and
social practical activities of people. But you can't
turn a blind eye to the fact that a person has not yet taken over in him -
having a place. Man, humanity, humanity -
this is true global problem present and future.
The development of this triad is an inexhaustible task, but it is impossible to
the ability of the task to be taken does not require detachment from it, but us -
steadfastness in its decision. This is the dominant feature of owls -
belt science, designed to enrich the worldview.
Turn to man, humanity, humanity, if he
will become comprehensive and may become decisive
an ennobling factor for all types of worldviews -
nia; then their main common feature will become humanistic
direction.
This worldview is most promising for activists -
of people striving to achieve the development of society along the path of scientific, technical, social and environmental
who has made progress, but humanity is still at its very best -
began the path to broad mastery of its fundamentals.
Consciously formed worldview
In society, there has long been a conscious desire -
the ability to develop a holistic and well-founded worldview,
within the framework of which the entire history of man would be comprehended
quality, its cognitive and transformative activity -
ity, culture and value orientations. Mi development –
views usually follow a certain tradition,
based on one direction or another in philosophy. Conscious –
strong desire to develop a holistic worldview
manifested by different social groups of people, politics -
political parties that see in it the basis not only of their
spiritual unity, but also programs of specific actions
to transform society.
A worldview of this type can be built on the most
different philosophical foundations.
It can be both religious and non-religious, with -
than in the first case its development is carried out with software -
Not a single person lives in the world “just like that.” Each of us has some knowledge about the world, ideas about what is good and what is bad, what happens and what does not happen, how to do this or that work and build relationships with people. All of the above together is usually called a worldview.
Concept and structure of worldview
Scientists interpret worldview as views, principles, ideas that determine a person’s understanding of the world, current events and his place among people. A clearly formed worldview puts life in order, while the absence of it (Bulgakov’s famous “ruin in the minds”) turns a person’s existence into chaos, which in turn leads to the emergence of psychological problems. The structure of the worldview includes the following components.
Informative
A person gains knowledge throughout his life, even when he stops studying. The fact is that knowledge can be ordinary, scientific, religious, etc. Ordinary knowledge is formed on the basis of experience that is acquired in Everyday life. For example, they grabbed the hot surface of the iron, got burned and realized that it was better not to do that. Thanks to everyday knowledge, one can navigate the world around us, but the information obtained in this way is often erroneous and contradictory.
Scientific knowledge is logically justified, systematized and presented in the form of evidence. The results of such knowledge are reproducible and easily verified (“The Earth is spherical,” “The square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the legs,” etc.). Obtaining scientific knowledge is possible thanks to theoretical knowledge, which allows one to rise above the situation, resolve contradictions and draw conclusions.
Religious knowledge consists of dogmas (about the creation of the world, the earthly life of Jesus Christ, etc.) and the understanding of these dogmas. The difference between scientific knowledge and religious knowledge is that the former can be verified, while the latter is accepted without evidence. In addition to the above, there are intuitive, declarative, parascientific and other types of knowledge.
Value-normative
This component is based on the values, ideals, beliefs of the individual, as well as the norms and rules that govern the interaction of people. Values are the ability of an object or phenomenon to meet the needs of people. Values can be universal, national, material, spiritual, etc.
Thanks to beliefs, a person or group of people are confident that they are right about their actions, their relationships to each other and to the events taking place in the world. Unlike suggestion, beliefs are formed on the basis of logical conclusions, and therefore are meaningful.
Emotionally-volitional
You can know that hardening strengthens the body, you cannot be rude to your elders, people cross the street when the light is green, and it is impolite to interrupt your interlocutor. But all this knowledge may be useless if a person does not accept it, or cannot make the effort to put it into practice.
Practical
Understanding the importance and necessity of performing certain actions will not allow one to achieve a goal if a person does not begin to act. Also, the practical component of worldview includes the ability to assess a situation and develop a strategy for action in it.
The selection of worldview components is somewhat arbitrary, since none of them exists on its own. Each person thinks, feels and acts depending on the circumstances, and the ratio of these components differs significantly each time.
Basic types of worldview
A person’s worldview began to form together with self-awareness. And since throughout history people have perceived and explained the world in different ways, over time the following types of worldviews have developed:
- Mythological. Myths arose because people could not rationally explain natural phenomena or public life(rain, thunderstorm, change of day and night, causes of illness, death, etc.). The basis of the myth is the predominance of fantastic explanations over reasonable ones. At the same time, myths and legends reflect moral and ethical problems, values, understanding of good and evil, and the meaning of human actions. So the study of myths plays an important role in shaping people’s worldviews;
- Religious. Unlike myths, human religion contains dogmas that all followers of this teaching must adhere to. The basis of any religion is observance moral standards and maintaining a healthy lifestyle in every sense. Religion unites people, but at the same time it can divide representatives of different faiths;
- Philosophical. The basis of this type of worldview is theoretical thinking, that is, logic, system and generalization. If the mythological worldview is more based on feelings, then in philosophy the leading role is given to reason. The difference between the philosophical worldview is that religious teachings do not imply alternative interpretations, and philosophers have the right to free thought.
Modern scientists believe that worldviews also come in the following types:
- Ordinary. The worldview of this type is based on common sense and the experience that a person receives during life. The everyday worldview is formed spontaneously through trial and error. This type of worldview is rarely found in its pure form. Each of us forms our views on the world based on scientific knowledge, common sense, myths and religious beliefs;
- Scientific. It is a modern stage in the development of a philosophical worldview. Logic, generalizations and system also take place here. But over time, science moves further and further away from real human needs. In addition to useful products, weapons are being actively developed today mass destruction, means of manipulating people’s consciousness, etc.;
- Humanistic. According to humanists, a person is a value for society - he has the right to development, self-realization and satisfaction of his needs. No one should be humiliated or exploited by another person. Unfortunately, in real life This is not always the case.
Formation of a person’s worldview
A person’s worldview is influenced from childhood by various factors (family, kindergarten, media, cartoons, books, films, etc.). However, this method of forming a worldview is considered to be spontaneous. An individual’s worldview is purposefully formed in the process of education and training.
The domestic education system is focused on developing a dialectical-materialistic worldview in children, adolescents and young men. By dialectical-materialistic worldview is meant the recognition that:
- the world is material;
- everything that exists in the world exists independently of our consciousness;
- in the world everything is interconnected and develops according to certain laws;
- a person can and should receive reliable knowledge about the world.
Since the formation of a worldview is a long and difficult process, and children, adolescents and young men perceive differently the world, the worldview is formed differently depending on the age of students and pupils.
Preschool age
In relation to this age, it is appropriate to talk about the beginnings of the formation of a worldview. We are talking about the child’s attitude to the world and teaching the child ways to exist in the world. At first, the child perceives reality holistically, then learns to identify particulars and distinguish between them. A big role in this is played by the activities of the baby himself and his communication with adults and peers. Parents and educators introduce the preschooler to the world around him, teach him to reason, establish cause-and-effect relationships (“Why are there puddles on the street?”, “What will happen if you go out into the yard without a hat in winter?”), and find ways to solve problems (“How to help kids escape from the wolf?"). By communicating with friends, the child learns how to establish relationships with people, perform social roles, act according to the rules. Fiction plays a major role in shaping the beginnings of a preschooler’s worldview.
Junior school age
At this age, the formation of a worldview occurs in and outside of lessons. Schoolchildren gain knowledge about the world through active cognitive activity. At this age, children can independently find the information they are interested in (in the library, on the Internet), analyze the information with the help of an adult, and draw conclusions. Worldview is formed in the process of creating interdisciplinary connections, observing the principle of historicism when studying the program.
Work on the formation of a worldview is already carried out with first-graders. At the same time, in relation to the younger school age It is still impossible to talk about the formation of beliefs, values, ideals, and the scientific picture of the world. Children are introduced to the phenomena of nature and social life at the level of ideas. This creates the ground for the formation of a stable worldview at further stages of human development.
Teenagers
It is at this age that the development of the actual worldview occurs. Guys and girls have a certain amount of knowledge, have life experience, and are able to think and reason abstractly. Teenagers are also characterized by a tendency to think about life, their place in it, the actions of people, and literary heroes. Finding yourself is one of the ways to form a worldview.
Adolescence is a time to think about who and what to be. Unfortunately, in modern world It is difficult for young people to choose moral and other guidelines that would help them grow up and teach them to distinguish good from bad. If, when committing certain actions, a guy or a girl is guided not by external prohibitions (it is possible or not), but by internal convictions, then this indicates that young people are growing up and have learned moral standards.
The formation of a worldview in adolescents occurs in the process of conversations, lectures, excursions, and laboratory work, discussions, competitions, mind games etc.
Boys
At this age stage, young people form a worldview (mainly scientific) in all its completeness and volume. Young people are not adults yet, however, at this age there is already a more or less clear system of knowledge about the world, beliefs, ideals, ideas about how to behave and how to successfully do this or that business. The basis for the emergence of all this is self-awareness.
The specificity of the worldview in adolescence is that a guy or girl tries to understand his life not as a chain of random events, but as something holistic, logical, meaningful and promising. And, if in Soviet time the meaning of life was more or less clear (work for the good of society, build communism), but now young people are somewhat disoriented in their choice life path. Young men want not only to benefit others, but also to satisfy their own needs. Most often, such attitudes give rise to a contradiction between the desired and actual state of affairs, which causes psychological problems.
As at the previous age stage, the formation of the worldview of young people is influenced by school lessons, classes in a higher or secondary specialized educational institution, communication in social groups (family, school class, sports section), reading books and periodicals, and watching films. To all this are added career guidance, pre-conscription training, and service in the armed forces.
The formation of an adult’s worldview occurs in the process labor activity, self-education and self-education, as well as under the influence of the circumstances of his life.
The role of worldview in human life
For all people, without exception, worldview acts as a kind of beacon. It provides guidelines for almost everything: how to live, act, react to certain circumstances, what to strive for, what to consider true and what to consider false.
Worldview allows you to be confident that the goals set and achieved are important and significant both for the individual and for society as a whole. Depending on one or another worldview, the structure of the world and the events taking place in it are explained, the achievements of science, art, and people’s actions are evaluated.
Finally, the established worldview provides peace of mind that everything is going as it should. Changing external events or internal beliefs can lead to an ideological crisis. This happened among representatives of the older generation during the collapse of the USSR. The only way to cope with the consequences of the “collapse of ideals” is to try to form new (legally and morally acceptable) worldviews. A specialist can help with this.
Worldview of modern man
Unfortunately, in modern society there is a crisis in his spiritual sphere. Moral guidelines (duty, responsibility, mutual assistance, altruism, etc.) have lost their meaning. Receiving pleasure and consumption come first. In some countries, drugs and prostitution have been legalized, and the number of suicides is growing. Gradually, a different attitude towards marriage and family, new views on raising children are being formed. Having satisfied their material needs, people do not know what to do next. Life is like a train, in which the main thing is to get comfortable, but where and why to go is unclear.
Modern man lives in an era of globalization, when the importance of national culture is declining and alienation from its values is observed. An individual becomes, as it were, a citizen of the world, but at the same time loses his own roots, connection with his native land, members of his clan. At the same time, contradictions and armed conflicts based on national, cultural and religious differences do not disappear in the world.
Throughout the 20th century, people had a consumer attitude towards natural resources, did not always wisely implement projects to change biocenoses, which subsequently led to an environmental disaster. This continues today. Ecological problem is one of the global problems.
At the same time, a significant number of people realize the importance of change, searching for life guidelines, ways to achieve harmony with other members of society, nature and themselves. Promoting a humanistic worldview, focusing on the individual and his needs, revealing a person’s individuality, and establishing friendly relationships with other people is becoming popular. Instead of an anthropocentric type of consciousness (man is the crown of nature, which means he can use everything it gives with impunity), an ecocentric type begins to form (man is not the king of nature, but a part of it, and therefore must treat other living organisms with care). People visit temples, create charities and environmental protection programs.
A humanistic worldview presupposes a person’s awareness of himself as the master of his life, who must create himself and the world around him, and bear responsibility for his actions. Therefore, much attention is paid to nurturing the creative activity of the younger generation.
The worldview of modern man is in its infancy and is characterized by inconsistency. People are forced to choose between permissiveness and consumerism and concern for others, globalization and patriotism, the approach of a global catastrophe or the search for ways to achieve harmony with the world. The future of all humanity depends on the choices made.
Conventionally, all types of worldview are divided into two groups: socio-historical types and existential-personal types.
Already described earlier. You just have to refresh your memory: a worldview is a set of concepts, beliefs, values about life, about the person himself, about his position in life.
Types of worldview and life goals
Depending on what worldview we use, we set the corresponding life (), and, accordingly, according to the type of our understanding of the world, we choose a way to realize such a goal.
Unhappy and unsuccessful people usually take the goal from one worldview context, and the path to it from another. Happy and successful people- the goal and the path to it are in the same coordinate system (in the same context of their worldview).
Types of worldview, historical and social
Formed in chronological order. It is very good to understand what the difference is - knowing the history of all mankind. From the Stone Age to the present day. Each period of time reflected the principles that lay in each of these types of worldview.
Another interesting fact: humanity developed - and its thinking developed, its worldview changed. And exactly the same thing happens with the development of a child. That is, in essence, every person, growing up, develops his own worldview by choosing appropriate goals.
Archaic type of worldview
This is humanity’s earliest understanding of the world, of man himself in it.
It is characterized by the fact that realism and fantasy are not separated from each other. These two concepts merged in the form of early beliefs: animism, fetishism, totheism. There is no clear division from your “I” and the world around you. As such an understanding, “Soul” does not exist at all. At the same time: all living things are endowed with life, like humans: from stone to the sun.
Life goals are not formed consciously: it is to please oneself and other animate beings (sacrifice, rituals, idols ....)
Mythological type of worldview
At this point in history, there is a clear separation of “oneself” from the world around us. And if there is an “I,” then there is a “He,” whose actions and thoughts may not coincide with mine. From such views, confrontation (confrontation) already occurs.
This is the era of cults and pantheons of gods. Just as life itself is full of confrontation and competition for a place in the sun, so myths are born about exactly the same confrontation between the gods.
Life goals acquire a clearer structure and meaning: to be with Strongest of the world this, to have power... to achieve the favor of a certain god or person...
Religious
Even more 
her division of the world. What is this world And that world. The concepts of soul, spirit and body appear. To God is God, to Caesar what is Caesar's.
The concept of faith appears - in the invisible, without critical analysis of the latter. Ideas common to all religions: about God’s creation of the world, about the concepts of good and evil, about the consequences of not following certain rules of behavior.
Life goals - according to the concept of faith that a person professes - are “correct” in its understanding of actions and thoughts.
Philosophical type of worldview
With an increase in knowledge about the person himself and the world around him, a collapse occurs (critical mass), when this knowledge needs to be rethought. This is how various schools of philosophy are formed.
If the knowledge is reinterpreted in the context of such a school, then they believe that the philosophy is the same, but is developing... If the contradictions with the old school are obvious, a new philosophical movement is formed.
Life goals in this context are personal growth, self-development, self-actualization, search for truth...
Exponential-personal types of worldview
It is formed according to the maturation of the person himself. From uncritical, not separating yourself from your mother to your teenage self existential crisis... plus the external environment of influence is superimposed.
The basis of each person’s worldview is a collective image from many types of worldviews. It could be like harmonious combination philosophy, faith and traditions, and without much criticism, various worldview laws are perceived as axioms.
Take the previously described types - mix something from below into a pile, and there you have it modern man such a person.
The goals will be different depending on which worldview concept dominates... The most interesting thing happens: when the goals are on one plane, and the paths to them are on another...
Dogmatic
Dogma is not critical, but conscious adherence to rules and laws, according to some worldview.
Pursuing goals - according to dogmas and rules.
Reflex
Reflexes are the subconscious following of certain rules. If in dogmas the mind still takes part, in reflection it is following the principles and rules without the participation of consciousness, reflexively, impulsively.
In this situation, reflection plays an inconspicuous but, sometimes, very significant role.
Choosing the right goal, according to the type of worldview
Many concepts from the listed types are firmly woven into our consciousness.
Some examples - then and now.
Archaic type: before - open worship of idols (all living things), now - baubles, beads, talismans... bringing good luck, the concept of many new people is “the living universe”...
Mythological type of worldview: before - worship of the pantheon of gods: Zeves, Veles, Iris..., now - from challenge (obtaining sacred knowledge from unearthly forms of being) to the influence of stars, concepts of fate and karma, implicit and subtle worlds.
If a person fails, he cannot achieve success, here is the answer why this happens:choosing a goal not from one’s own type of worldview.
The fact is that changing your vision of the world is quite difficult, but choosing the right one that corresponds to the type of worldview is quite simple. It will only bring its own goal! From other people's goals, not your own, you will only be unhappy...
Good luck to you and choosing the right goals!
Worldview- is a system or set of ideas and knowledge about the world and man, about the relationships between them.
In a worldview, a person realizes himself not through his attitude to individual objects and people, but through a generalized, integrated attitude to the world as a whole, of which he himself is a part. A person’s worldview reflects not just his individual properties, but the main thing in him, which is usually called the essence, which remains the most constant and unchanging, manifesting itself in his thoughts and actions throughout his life.
In reality, a worldview is formed in the minds of specific people. It is used by individuals and social groups as a general outlook on life. Worldview is an integral formation in which the connection of its components is fundamentally important. The worldview includes generalized knowledge, certain value systems, principles, beliefs, and ideas. The measure of a person’s ideological maturity is his actions; Guidelines for choosing methods of behavior are beliefs, i.e., views actively perceived by people, especially stable psychological attitudes of a person.
From point of view historical process there are three leading historical type of worldview:
§ mythological;
§ religious;
§ philosophical.
Mythological worldview(from the Greek mythos - legend, tradition) is based on an emotional, figurative and fantastic attitude towards the world. In myth, the emotional component of the worldview prevails over reasonable explanations. Mythology grows primarily out of human fear of the unknown and incomprehensible - natural phenomena, illness, death. Since humanity did not yet have enough experience to understand the true causes of many phenomena, they were explained using fantastic assumptions, without taking into account cause-and-effect relationships.
Religious worldview(from Latin religio - piety, holiness) is based on faith in supernatural forces. Religion, in contrast to the more flexible myth, is characterized by rigid dogmatism and a well-developed system of moral precepts. Religion spreads and maintains examples of what is right, moral behavior. Religion is also of great importance in uniting people, but here its role is dual: while uniting people of the same faith, it often separates people of different faiths.
Philosophical worldview defined as system-theoretical. Characteristics philosophical worldview are logic and consistency, systematicity, and a high degree of generalization. The main difference between the philosophical worldview and mythology is the high role of reason: if myth is based on emotions and feelings, then philosophy is primarily based on logic and evidence. Philosophy differs from religion in the permissibility of free-thinking: one can remain a philosopher by criticizing any authoritative ideas, while in religion this is impossible.
If we consider the structure of the worldview at the present stage of its development, we can talk about ordinary, religious, scientific and humanistic types of worldview.
Everyday worldview relies on common sense and everyday experience. Such a worldview takes shape spontaneously, in the process of everyday experience, and is difficult to imagine in its pure form. As a rule, a person forms his views on the world, relying on clear and harmonious systems of mythology, religion, and science.
Scientific worldview based on objective knowledge and represents modern stage development of philosophical worldview. Over the past few centuries, science has moved further and further away from "foggy" philosophy in an attempt to achieve accurate knowledge. However, in the end, she moved far away from a person with his needs: the result scientific activity is not only useful products, but also weapons of mass destruction, unpredictable biotechnologies, techniques for manipulating the masses, etc.
Humanistic worldview based on the recognition of the value of every human person, his right to happiness, freedom, development. The formula of humanism was expressed by Immanuel Kant, who said that a person can only be a goal, and not simple means for another person. It is immoral to take advantage of people; Every effort should be made to ensure that every person can discover and fully realize himself. Such a worldview, however, should be considered as an ideal, and not as something that actually exists.
