Flat roof repair. Roofing works - soft, built-up and membrane roofing Replacement of flat roofing

The cheapest price for a soft device flat roof is a bituminous material that you can see in most multi-storey buildings Soviet period construction.

In addition to the fact that bitumen is difficult to tolerate negative temperatures, it is also capable of absorbing water, which also leads to numerous gusts.

The second unpleasant fact of using bitumen as a roofing coating is strong heating on sunny days. Already at 70˚ the resin begins to melt, gradually sliding along the edge of the roof. But even if it is made using proven technology, water still, after penetrating into the lower layers when heated, begins to tear the bitumen material, turning into steam.

The presence of water in a bitumen roof in the lower word is indicated by such a sign as grass, weeds and even trees growing on the surface.

Polymer membranes are a more modern material based on polyurethane. With the help of mastic it is possible to repair a flat roof, obtaining a fairly long-term effect. The fact is that polyurethane mastic copes well with Russian climatic conditions, will survive low temperatures and can be partially repaired.

For those residents who plan to install a flat roof and forget about its repair for long years, it is recommended to line the surface with polymer membranes that have a service life of twenty years and are not afraid of temperature changes, mechanical damage and exposure to ultraviolet rays.

Modern polymers can be attached to the base of the roof or spread out like a carpet. In the latter case, a certain ballast will be required that could keep the surface from being lifted by the wind.

Fastening flat roof membrane coating is carried out only around the perimeter, so even if the house begins to shrink, residents of the upper floors will not have to suffer from leaks.

The main difference between the membrane and bitumen material is the absence of the human factor during installation. After all, if bitumen can be poured unevenly, causing cracks and swelling to appear, then the membrane coating is laid, for example, by our professionals - “Moscow Roofers”, who reliably connect the joints by heating and fix the material around the perimeter.

Flat roof repairs are becoming increasingly in demand these days, since this roof structure is very widespread not only in multi-storey buildings, but also in individual construction. Its benefits are quite obvious. A flat roof with a small angle of inclination allows not only to save thermal energy, reducing the heat transfer area. It allows you to use it for household and economic purposes, thereby increasing usable area the entire building.

Before you begin repairing a flat roof, you must study all the rules and requirements, since mistakes can lead to a shortening of its service life.

However, this use also has negative side. It greatly increases the risk of damage to the roofing, primarily mechanically. Meanwhile, a flat roof, despite its apparent simplicity, is a rather complex structural system.

That is why flat roof repairs must be carried out in strict compliance with a number of rules and recommendations. Their violation can lead to a radical reduction in the service life of the roofing, up to its complete destruction.

Flat roof installation and possible types of damage

Before you begin repairing a flat roof, you need to know its structure. Then the weakest points of this particular structure will be clear, and it will be easier to identify the cause of the roof leak. Usually its design consists of several layers. This is a load-bearing surface, which acts as reinforced concrete slab ceiling, on which a vapor barrier layer is placed, and on it, in turn, insulation.

The latter is most often used mineral wool. A layer of waterproofing is laid on it, which in most cases is played by rolls of roofing felt.

If the roof surface is occupied for economic or domestic needs, a layer of waterproofing is applied on top concrete screed designed to protect it from mechanical damage. In addition, to prevent moisture condensation from the insulation layer, the ventilation holes, covered with special caps. Their connections with the top layer of waterproofing must be sealed carefully.

The main reason for the penetration of moisture under the waterproofing layer, in addition to mechanical damage, is the effect of temperature changes in the surrounding atmosphere. The second most common cause of roof leaks can be considered a violation of technology during the initial installation of the roofing.

It is worth remembering that the service life of a roof covered with such roll materials, like roofing felt, is limited to a maximum of 5 years.

In winter, under the influence of severe frosts, it begins to lose elasticity and crack. In summer, thanks to its black color, it attracts solar thermal energy and heats up to 70°C.

As a result of this, the resin impregnating it begins to melt and gradually slides downhill to the edge of the roof.

The base that remains in place largely loses its waterproofing properties and gradually begins to let moisture through.

Modern waterproofing mastics and resins have a significantly longer service life, but are also much more expensive.

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Roof repair using roll materials

Rolled bitumen materials are the most common and popular roofing product, primarily due to their affordable price. Another reason for their popularity can rightfully be considered that their use does not require dismantling the old coating. However, you should not immediately lay new rolls on top of the old coating. It must be prepared in advance.

First of all, it is necessary to remove debris and dust accumulated on the roof. After this, the formed air bubbles are identified on the roof. They are opened with a knife like an envelope and, if necessary, dried. After this they are heated blowtorch until the bitumen impregnation melts and close, eliminating air bubbles.

Only then can the next layer of rolled roofing felt be laid. The roll is rolled out on the roof surface, one edge is heated and it is glued at the lower edge of the roof.

After this, they roll it back up, winding it onto a piece of pipe that is slightly longer than the width of the roll.

Then they begin to slowly unroll it, heating the surface with a blowtorch. An indicator of the quality of heating is a small puddle of molten bitumen along the roll unrolling path.

The next roll in the longitudinal plane must be laid on the previous one with an overlap of at least 10 cm.

The adjacent roll must overlap the edge of the previous one by at least 5 cm. As a result, if the technology is followed correctly, after the molten bitumen has cooled, a monolithic waterproof membrane is formed, covering the entire surface of the roof.

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Application for repair of polymer materials

Majority modern materials, intended for waterproofing, are made on the basis of polymers. If it is mastic, then its main component is liquid polyurethane. Its first layer is applied directly to the prepared surface using paint roller. It adheres tightly to the bitumen base. Then a reinforcing layer of non-woven synthetic fabric with a density of 20 to 60 grams per m² is placed on the not yet hardened mastic so that it is completely recessed. After this, a second layer of polyurethane mastic is applied on top. The hardening process lasts from 3 to 5 hours.

Another effective modern waterproofing material is liquid rubber. It is applied by spraying using special portable backpack sprayers. The main advantage of this method is that it is not afraid of any unevenness on the roof surface. To obtain a rubber coating with a thickness of 3 mm, it is necessary to spray from 4 to 4.5 kg per 1 m². The resulting membrane is resistant to temperature changes, but in severe frost it loses its elasticity, which makes it more susceptible to mechanical damage.

Another product that is becoming increasingly popular these days is tension polymer membranes. They are assembled using welding machines that connect the joints with hot air, and are attached only to the edges of the roof. Therefore, if the foundation of the house begins to subsidence, the coating will retain its integrity. However, as with previous materials, membranes are also vulnerable to mechanical damage, so if the surface is intensively used, a protective coating must be placed on top of the waterproofing.

The simplest protective coating, especially for coatings made of rolled materials, is a concrete screed. Unfortunately, over time it begins to crack and crumble. Very good reviews are received about the high-strength polyurethane coating"Marisil 400", but many are scared off by its high price

In general, it can be noted that the repair of a flat roof, unlike its other varieties, is practically not associated with a risk to life and health, and therefore can be done with your own hands, without the help of hired specialists.

That's why she's so popular.

The convenience of its use lies in the emergence of additional meters of room space.

As well as reducing the amount of material for coating, ease of installation, ability to preserve large quantity heat and much more.

If necessary, it is possible to repair a flat roof without the help of a special team, but it is worth knowing all the nuances of the process.

When covering a roof with bitumen-containing materials, you should know that it requires regular inspection. In addition, minor damage to the coating is much easier to fix and repair than to carry out more serious repairs.

If the base material rots, water begins to leak inside the roof, which is very unpleasant for living in such a house. It is important to detect a leak in time.

To determine the need for repairs, the surface of the coating should be inspected. If the roof is pitched, then in addition to the material itself, It’s better to check from the attic side and the rafter system.

In general, flat roof coverings are vulnerable to prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation and can begin to rot when exposed to high temperatures are damaged, therefore During the inspection you need to pay attention to:

The presence of delaminations or swellings on the surface;
The presence of cracks, abrasions, cracking, and generally any violation of the integrity of the material;
Violation of the tightness of joints and seams;
Existing depressions in the plane, which serve as a source of moisture accumulation.

There are two repair options that soft roofing may require:

Minor repairs;
Capital.

Necessity overhaul occurs if:

Violated minimum height parapet. This becomes an obstacle to ensuring the necessary overlap on the layers of waterproofing materials. As a result, the tightness of the roofing is broken;
The ventilation device is broken, which leads to the accumulation of vapors under the surface of the coating and the accumulation of moisture in the layer;
Roof material displacement. This problem must be eliminated as soon as possible; the roofing layers, when displaced, lose their functions.

ATTENTION!

If there are several visible damages to the roof surface, in most cases the problem can be solved by minor repairs.

Frequently occurring defects

Material selection

After the roof area has been inspected and the scope of future repairs has been determined, it is worth making a list of materials that will be required for the work.

How good will the coating restoration be? largely depends on right choice material for this.

You should choose it based on the following points:

Choose brands from manufacturers who have already have managed to prove themselves;
The materials have positive reviews from consumers;
The price range must be affordable all segments of the population;
The material is easy to use;
Characteristics of strength and reliability at a high level;
They have a long service life.

From more popular materials that are used in the repair process can be distinguished:

Bitumen-polymer material;
Flat type of membrane tile;
Roll material;
Flexible tiles.

In addition to the main type of materials, additional ones will be needed., these include:

Middling rubber;
Nails;
Lathing;
Plywood;
Cement for screed;
Bitumen;
Thermal insulation and;
Reiki;
Rubber seals;

Bitumen-polymer material

Flat variety of membrane tiles

Flexible tiles

Minor repair process

Process minor repairs also has its own installation features, depending on the size of the damaged areas. When installing a flat roof, the material is laid in layers, fastening them together with a bitumen mixture or mastic.

When bubbles form on the coating, this indicates that the middle of the coating began to delaminate and this problem needs to be addressed urgently.

Previously very importantthoroughlyexamine the area for moisture. If there is moisture in it, then it is very important to find the area through which moisture is seeping and replace it with a new one.

If there is no water in the area, then it is enough to attach a patch. This principle is used to determine the nature and method of minor repairs in the event of any damage.

Damage in a small area is eliminated as follows:

Initially calculate the distance from material that protects roofing felt from sunlight.
After that cut the swollen surface crosswise with a knife so that it is in the center of the problem area.
After that conduct a surface inspection under the coating for moisture.
If the surface is dry, then carry out the procedure of attaching a patch, if not, then leave it to dry or use a hair dryer for such purposes.
After the surface has dried, use a spatula mastic is applied under the edges of the material. Ruberoid is attached on top using pressing movements, after which a similar manipulation is repeated with the second layer and the material is secured with nails.
Further cut out suitable size patch, on the outer side of which mastic is applied and applied to the problem area.
For reliability, nail the patch using plaster nails and apply mastic on top along the contour.

Mastic in last stage The process should also be applied to nail heads.

If the surface of the leaky roof is large enough, then repair apartment building carried out as follows:

The surface area is completely cut out, covering all problem areas around the perimeter, while counting the number of layers that will need to be laid.
After that cut out several patches(depending on the layers counted) equal in size to the cut area.
Further lay the material in layers, applying mastic along the contour of each of them. Laying is carried out end-to-end, pressing on the roofing material with the maximum possible force.
It is necessary to lay layers until they are equal in height to the rest of the coating, after which another patch is cut out, but this time exceeding the size of the part of the roof being repaired.
Mastic is also applied to the last patch along the perimeter, applied to the roof surface and fixed with slate nails.

Minor repairs

Overhaul process

Major repairs also have their differences depending on the type of repair.

Repair may be as follows:

Complete replacement of the roof covering;
Update roofing material and equipping the roof with additional insulating materials;
Re-equipment of the roof structure and creation of a different angle of inclination of the slope.

The overhaul option depends on the problem and the type of construction of the entire roof. The overhaul process is as follows, taking into account the need for complete replacement material and supplementing it with insulation:

Dismantling a flat roof. They begin to disassemble the roof with all its constituent elements and layers. To make it easier to navigate the process, it is worth imagining the reverse sequence of installation of the structure. Initially, they remove ebbs, aerators, aprons, etc.. After this, they begin to clean all layers of the roof covering. Remove concrete screed and insulation.
Installation new roof.

The process of installing a new roof is carried out in the following sequence:

First install beacons to be able to lay the concrete mixture;
After that line the insulation;
For insulation material lay out reinforced mesh, after which the screed is poured, the thickness of which should be approximately 4 cm;
Lay out in several layers;
Attach: parapet, belts.

Additional equipment with insulation materials is necessary in case of unsatisfactory heat conservation or low level of insulation.

ATTENTION!

If there is a need to add insulation material, That After dismantling the covering, the insulating material is removed and panels with a wedge-shaped profile are attached. A waterproofing film is laid on top of the insulation.

If a decision is made to provide additional insulation to the roof by laying it on top of the surface, then the process is as follows:

Initially, a waterproofing film is laid, on top of which polyurethane foam is laid;
To ensure secure attachment to the roof, a gravel cushion is installed on top, which is not only a load, but will also provide protective properties to the coating from exposure to ultraviolet rays.

Roof removal

Flat roof repair in winter

In some cases, it may happen that repairs need to be done in winter period.

Of course, if the situation is such that urgent repairs cannot be avoided, then they need to be done.

But if the reconstruction of the coating can wait, then It’s better to hold off until more favorable conditions arise.. In winter, having decided to make repairs, It is worth keeping in mind the following features of the process:

The biggest challenge is the weather conditions. It is necessary to approach each stage very carefully and competently. so as not to end up with poor-quality repairs.
When starting to reconstruct the coating areas, it is necessary to keep them dry and prevent moisture from getting between the layers of roofing material.
In light of the above, better to have on hand heat gun . With its help it will be easier to maintain the desired level temperature regime and install the roof covering correctly.

Roof repair in winter

Conclusion

Repair process soft roof If necessary, it is not difficult to do it yourself. It is worthwhile to approach this issue carefully from the first stage, choose the right material and a high-quality result is guaranteed.

Useful video

In this video you will learn how to make repairs using mastic:

In contact with

The photo above shows a standard design, the so-called ⇒ built-up roof. Here, rolled bitumen materials are used as a waterproofing coating.
When installing such a roof, a gas burner with a propane cylinder is used, as well as a hose with a reducer to adjust the outlet pressure. When laying on a new base, apply two layers; if the old one is well prepared, then you can get by with one layer.
To increase waterproofing properties and service life, slopes are installed on flat roofs. It is needed in order to control the flow of rainwater, creating high points on the parapet areas towards the drainage funnels.
Initially, the slope must be designed relative to the funnels and create zones with a rise, slopes with a height greater than the main roof area. By following these instructions and the design drawings, it will be possible to prevent the appearance of stagnant zones where water will accumulate.
Large puddles on the roof good environment for the appearance of vegetation and at the slightest defect in the joint seams, a layer of water will eventually push the moisture into roofing pie which will lead to a major overhaul.

Roofing defects such as swellings, air bumps on the surface appear due to insufficient drying cement-sand screed grounds. The same defect can occur even after repair, if you do not dry the damaged area by opening the cake and immediately fuse new layers onto the old ones.

Installing aerators over the entire roof area will create exit points (ventilation) and remove moisture vapor from the under-roof space.

A slope can be created using a screed with the addition of expanded clay, while the specified slope is formed by a metal profile or stone blocks cut along a cord from a high point to a low point.
The slope can also be formed from wedge-shaped insulation from the Technonikol company from solid (dense) stone wool, then coat it with a primer based on bitumen mastic. This will allow you to create an adhesive substrate for durable installation of a soft roof.
To maintain the correct geometry and dimensions of overlaps along the side and end connections of adjacent rolls, it is necessary to first spread the bitumen coating and cut according to the shape of the junction of half-timbers, weather vanes, parapets, chimney and ventilation pipes.
Further, when working with gas burner it is necessary to heat the material to a temperature sufficient to combine the materials at the molecular level. An indicator on the underside of the rolled material helps with this; when a burning flame is directed towards it, the film is deformed.
The characteristic leakage of the bitumen roller ahead of the movement of the equipment with the roll is a sure sign of compliance with the technology of “welding” the coating.

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Perhaps many residents apartment buildings faced such problems as leakage, as well as the insufficiently reliable condition of the roof. This includes such disadvantages as poor-quality coating, roof collapse in an old house, etc. That is why major repairs of the roof of an apartment building are one of the most urgent standing questions for many residents.

Very often, many citizens, turning for help to various authorities involved in the maintenance of houses, are faced with their complete inaction, as a result of which they collect funds for roof repairs in an apartment building on their own.

However, before contacting such bodies and paying for the services of specialists in roofing work, it is necessary to understand the reason itself. Next we will talk about what types of roofs exist in apartment buildings, as well as the problems arising in connection with them and ways to solve them.

Types of roofing in apartment buildings

Since there are several types of roofs in multi-story buildings, it is important to understand the features of each of them, since repair work can vary significantly.

According to the design and shape of the roof, they are divided into:

single-pitched (with different inclined angles);
gable;
multi-slope;
pitchless (standard flat roofs);
complex (more typical for modern buildings than for old houses).

The roof structure includes an outer covering and an internal support (this can be a rafter system or a reinforced concrete slab). Also required elements are drainage system, as well as layers of insulation and waterproofing. One way or another, when carrying out a major overhaul of the roof of an apartment building, it is imperative to take into account everything design features roofs.

Roof repair methods

Work on the restoration of roofs of buildings with many apartments is usually divided into two large groups: current, or temporary, and capital, or complete.

Thus, current repairs to the roof of an apartment building are carried out if any defects in the roofing system are discovered. Very often, all work comes down to replacing the old and damaged roofing covering, which is usually roofing felt, with a new one, eliminating cracks and crevices that have appeared. Based on the need, the new coating can be laid in either one or two layers. Upon completion of the repair work, all seams and joints of the roofing sheet are completely sealed with special substances.

Regarding finances, this type of repair is not too expensive, so it is more common. However, there is another type current repairs when laying a new roofing sheet is not necessary. At the site of the defect, after a preliminary cut, the edges are bent, and inner space carefully cleaned. Next, it is dried using and treated with a layer of construction mastic, both the coating and its base. The edges are returned to their place, after which they must be pressed tightly against each other, waiting for complete adhesion.

Places where rot has appeared are completely cut out, and the roof is cleaned. All defective areas are filled with the same mastic, and then a new piece is glued to the area being treated, close to the old material. Of course, this method of repair is far from the highest quality, but nowadays it is quite common, especially on the roofs of old houses.

A major renovation of the roof of an apartment building involves a complete remodeling of the roof. The old covering is removed from it, after which a fresh screed is poured in and a new roofing carpet is laid in two layers. Carrying out such repairs should only be trusted by specialists, since damage may occur during the work. interior decoration located on the upper floors of apartments.

If the roof of an apartment building is leaking, this may be a consequence of improperly performed work. The main work during a major overhaul consists of fusing roofing material with a special gas burner (read: ""). The underside of the roofing carpet is heated from below, after which the material is carefully pressed against the base of the roof. It is very important to control the temperature of the fire, since its incorrect indicator can lead to the destruction of the material. The covering must be laid according to the overlap principle, and all seams must be treated with construction sealant.

Factors causing roof leaks in apartment buildings

There is only one way to avoid leaks - by performing a major roof repair. The reasons for the occurrence of these unpleasant defects can be very different, but most often they appear after heavy rains or during a period of massive melting of snow cover.

Thus, the causes of roof leaks in apartment buildings may be the following:

Roof leak detection

Before submitting an application for major repairs, you must clearly identify the area that is damaged. Most often, this involves comparing the location of the leak and then locating the source of damage on the roof. On soft bitumen roofs This is very easy to do - air bubbles form at the defect site.

In this case, the carpet should be replaced completely, and the necessary area should be thoroughly dried. You should not carry out this work yourself; it is better to entrust the work to specialists. But if there is a desire, detailed descriptions The entire progress of work with videos and photos can always be found in our articles on roofs and their repair.

Sometimes it happens that the problem of leaks on pitched roofs can also be complicated by rotting wooden rafter legs. With this outcome, it is usually necessary to replace not only roofing, but also individual structural elements.

Roofs based on the fusing principle

As has already become clear, the essence of a major overhaul comes down to the installation of weldable materials. According to existing standards, planned repairs with replacement (if necessary) of individual sections of the coating must be carried out special services Twice a year.

The whole process involves fusing roofing felt and other overlapping materials with a gas burner. Such repairs should be carried out for flat roofs, which are the majority today (read: ""). This material is resistant to moisture, temperature changes, and direct ultraviolet rays.

What to do if the roof is leaking, see details in the video:

The process of repairing pitched roofs

Coating for pitched roofs Usually a different material is used. Often these are sheets of metal, treated with zinc or simply painted. Repair work in this case, they consist of finding damaged covering elements, replacing them correctly and monitoring the condition of the roof base under the covering. To do this, the material must be removed and necessary work for the restoration of the rafter and sheathing system, as well as the base itself located under the covering.

Sometimes it is impossible not to complete such an important part of the work as replacing the waterproofing layer and installing additional high-quality insulation. If the damage is insignificant, you can simply apply patches and treat all joints with sealant.

Any cracks and crevices should be filled with polyurethane-based sealant and covered with special polyurethane adhesives. It is important that the area of damage to be repaired is degreased and treated with a primer before all work. After the restoration is completed, it is customary to coat the roof with a paint specially designed for a specific roof, the functions of which are to give the coating greater strength and increase its service life.