Homemade rounding machine. Do-it-yourself rounded log

The rounding machine is designed to give the correct shape to logs used for the construction of log houses. The use of machines makes it possible to speed up and simplify the preparation of wood. Hand-processed logs come out the same diameter, with a groove, planed surfaces and prepared mounting bowls.

Purpose of the machine for cylindering

The woodworking machine completely prepares the log for installation in the wall structures of log houses. Functions of woodworking machines:

production of grooves for installation;
rounding of logs (including final);
production of edged boards from gun carriages;
production of parquet dies;
milling smooth wood;
no pruning edged boards;
preparing the crown cup;
timber production;
sawing timber into carriages;
adjustable log rotation speed;
making a compensation groove using a circular saw.

The movement of the carriage is controlled by a laser pointer. An important property of rounding machines is the ability to perform any manipulation with one set of tools without reinstalling the log. The combination of cutters and techniques makes it possible to produce complex products with different diameters, for example, balusters. You can process a log up to 7 m long with your own hands.

The device of the machine for cylindering

The log processing machine drawing includes:

a metal frame, usually made of rectangular rolled pipe;
guides for moving saw and power devices;
headstocks for fastening the log and twisting it. The front one is equipped with a dividing head, with which the barrel is fixed. The spindle head is also installed there;
Wood is processed using cutters. The shape cutter selects the groove for installation. The universal cutter is designed for cutting crown cups, processing planes, and rounding;
knives for cutters are removable. Made from good steel, they can be replaced and sharpened without touching the cutter;
levers for placing logs;
stop roller to prevent logs from sagging;
mechanical brakes are installed at both ends of the carriage and are used during removal of the crown bowl;
the carriage lock stops it while removing bowls;
device for manually rotating the barrel: used when cutting a longitudinal groove.

Types of machines for cylindering

Mechanisms for cylindering are divided into the following types:

checkpoints.
cyclic.

Pass-through machines ensure constant advancement of the barrel. During processing, the log is advanced through the tool.

Cyclic machines move and process wood in cyclic movements and are divided into:

cyclo-pass: the log is motionless, the cutter moves;
cyclo-positional: the tool is stationary, the material moves.

There are two types of movements used in woodworking: linear and rotational. The shape of the final product depends on the combination of movements. With a cyclo-pass mechanism, the logs move in a straight line and the tool rotates. During positional movement, the barrel rotates and the cutter moves along its axis.

An industrial rounding machine sharpens or mills wood. The turning process is possible with rapid rotation of the log. As a result, a lot of sawdust is formed. During milling, waste is generated periodically; in this case, the tool rotates.

Rounding equipment is divided into three categories according to the level of automation:

mechanized machines. The worker loads the material, he also monitors and adjusts the mechanisms.
automatic machines. The worker only controls all processes. Loading and processing occurs automatically.
semi-automatic machines. Only one stage of woodworking is automatically controlled, then a worker is connected.

Comparison of woodworking machines

Continuous rounding machines are productive, but they allow errors in processing and surface roughness;
cyclic positioning equipment processes wood very efficiently and carries out all operations, but is significantly inferior in productivity.

Thanks to compact size and stable base, cycle positioning equipment is widely used in woodworking.

Homemade rounding machine

sawmill at the base of the machine

The easiest way to make a machine with your own hands is from a sawmill. Instead of the front cone, a stop is installed. The headstock located at the rear is equipped with a thrust bearing. An additional electric motor or handle is used to rotate the log.

The most difficult thing to make is a cutter, so it is made up of parts. You should choose as much as possible durable material. The cutter moves on an additional rail. The device is similar to a regular one milling machine: a log is placed in the grooves, its rotation is started, the cutter moves along.

A homemade rounding machine must be placed on a strong concrete base. You can prepare a frame of sleepers or thick timber, installed on compacted soil.

Installation progress:

The frame is being assembled. A building level is used, an error of up to 0.5 mm per 1 m is allowed. The frame is installed at a height of 20 cm.
Installation of the power mechanism, headstocks.
A cable for the electrical cable (mobile) is attached to the installed racks.
The power mechanism is equipped with a stopper.
Grounding is provided.
A motor is connected to the power supply to rotate the log. When connecting, check that the phases correspond to the modes. If the phases are connected incorrectly, when pressing the buttons the head will move in the other direction. This means the phases need to be changed.
The direction of rotation of the log is checked. It changes by changing the phases on the electric motor. Before checking the phase connections, it is strictly forbidden to start the rotation motors and the machine.

It is important to firmly and rigidly secure both headstocks, installing them parallel to the guides. The axes of the headstocks must match! The machine will quickly fail if the cutters are not balanced. The final stage machine installation - installation of cutters. The figured one is fixed to the shaft and attached to the conical part with a bolt. A universal one is screwed into its body and tightened tightly.

If it was kept in a damp place between starts or the interval between uses was more than 8 weeks, the machine should be kept in a dry shed to dry out the motors.

A rounding machine with a movable carriage in action:

All photos from the article

The construction of wooden housing in our great power has been developed since ancient times. First of all, this is caused by colossal reserves of this environmentally friendly and relatively inexpensive material. Despite the emergence of many new construction technologies, classic log houses still remain popular. After all, the advantages of rounded logs are obvious, and they will be discussed further.

Photo of the construction of a classic log house.

Why exactly a log?

First, let's find out what a rounded log is and why the vast majority of people prefer to build housing from it.

Important: speaking in the dry language of definitions, a rounded log is usually called a straight tree trunk, pre-processed on woodworking machines to give it the correct cylindrical shape. As a result, the top uneven layer and knots are removed, and compensation and mounting grooves are applied.

Scheme of a rounded log.

Advantages of the material

Wood itself has a natural porous structure, as a result of which it is one of the best heat and sound insulators.
Having clear geometric dimensions, this material fits perfectly together. Specially designed grooves ensure high tightness and quality of inter-crown seams.
All trunks have a clearly fixed diameter; the maximum deviation here can be no more than 2 mm. This makes it possible to select scaffolding for the construction of premises for various purposes with specified characteristics.
On this moment There is simply no building material that is more environmentally friendly and beneficial for people. Unlike wood, traditional brick or modern views building materials can only boast of environmental neutrality.

Product calibration.

Although the price of rounded logs may be higher than that of many competitors, such houses do not require additional internal and external cladding. This material itself has natural beauty, as a result of which owners save significantly on finishing.
Modern woodworking equipment makes it possible to initially produce trunks with ready-made connecting elements. This significantly speeds up the construction process and gives a lot of layout options.

Layout diagram.

You may have already heard that natural wood breathes. This means the ability of the array to take excess moisture from the air and release it when conditions change. Simply put, wood is a natural air conditioner, providing an ideal microclimate for human life in the house.
And finally, the construction instructions are quite accessible. A simple bathhouse, barn or small country house, a good owner, with a strong desire, will be able to build it with his own hands.

Some product characteristics.

What are the disadvantages

As we have already said, wood is a living material, so over time the wood begins to dry out and crack. This is true, but thanks to modern impregnations and primers for wood, such processes can be significantly slowed down.
Many people know that during the process of growth, a tree trunk slightly twists in a spiral. After the cut, this spiral sometimes begins to unwind. This is why craftsmen do not recommend building from freshly cut timber; the structure may fail. But a dry rounded log does not have this drawback.
Disadvantages such as high fire hazard and exposure biological pests are easily eliminated due to the same specialized impregnations.
Perhaps the only significant drawback of any wooden structure is the high percentage of shrinkage of new houses. Well-dried, high-quality wood shrinks up to 100 mm for every 3 - 4 m of wall in the first year. And 10 - 20 mm each for another 2 - 3 years. Freshly cut timber will take up to 10 years to shrink.

Log structure.

What affects performance

To determine the basic parameters of the material, there is a set of regulations. In our country this is GOST 2708-75, in the west ISO 4480-83. There is no big difference between them, the main parameters are identical. It is on this data that a program such as a calculator for rounded logs of volume, weight, density and other characteristics is based.

Array volume table.

Advice: it is desirable that the table of volume of rounded logs be original, that is, taken from the above-mentioned regulatory documents. Since now there are many corporate tables compiled taking into account the commercial interests of some corporations and containing inaccuracies that are beneficial specifically for those who compiled them.

Machines and equipment

Even 50 - 100 years ago, every carpenter or just a good owner knew how to round a log at home. Due to the fact that this occupation is long and very labor-intensive, with the development of woodworking production there are not many real specialists left.

Technological line.

Of course, in the debate about whether a log or a rounded log is cheaper, an ordinary unprocessed trunk wins. But line up good house or a high-quality bathhouse made from “wild” material is almost impossible. Apart from the time spent on handicraft cylindering and labor-intensive installation, you will not be able to seal the seams and joints hermetically. Accordingly, the room will be cold and will not last long.

A machine for cylindering logs is, in fact, a symbiosis of milling and turning functions. Such equipment has impressive dimensions and includes a common metal frame on which they are based, a power unit, which can consist of several power units.

The main work is done by the headstock. It is on it that cutters for stripping the top layer and figured cutters for finishing the log are installed. The tailstock, as in most similar equipment, serves to fix and feed the workpiece itself.

Factory machine.

If you want to know how long it takes to make a rounded log, then in this case it depends on the quality and functionality of the equipment. Modern automated lines are capable of turning a high-quality calibrated product from natural logs in a matter of minutes, according to specified parameters.

All such units come in two types - continuous and cyclic. The first ones are designed for large production volumes and have a minimum of functions. In them, the material moves in a continuous flow and, passing through the working area, is cylindered and milled.

Installing the workpiece on the machine.

Aggregates of the cyclic type perform a given algorithm of actions, after which the cycle is repeated. They, in turn, are divided into cyclo-pass type, where the barrel moves and the carriages are in a fixed position. And cyclo-positional, where the log is motionless and the carriages move around the workpiece.

As a rule, a do-it-yourself machine for a cylindrical log is made on the basis of a sawmill, where a stop is installed instead of the front cone, and the tailstock is replaced with a bearing or a rotating cone. The workpiece secured in this way rotates due to an additional drive or with your own hands, which is very difficult and inconvenient.

Kustanay machine.

Processing is carried out by a milling head mounted on separate guides. The very principle of operation of such a handicraft unit is reminiscent of the operation of a wood milling machine. A rotating workpiece is gradually processed by a milling cutter moving along guides.

Advice: due to the serious weight of the workpieces themselves, experts recommend rigidly mounting such equipment exclusively on a concrete base. If this is not available, as an option, you can lay a reinforced concrete slab for the floor.

General scheme machine

A few words about the characteristics

Domestic production is more focused on the so-called lunar profile of rounded logs. It contains a mounting cup for connecting the crowns and a compensation cut.

This cut serves to compensate for the natural internal tension array, as well as temperature and humidity expansions. Such a product is cheaper to manufacture, plus it does not require careful preliminary preparation material.

Types of profiles.

The Finnish profile provides a tighter connection of the crowns; therefore, less sealing materials are needed, but the log requires careful drying and preparation, as a result the price of the Finnish profile is higher.

The working height of the rounded log is 6 meters. This does not mean that products cannot be larger or smaller.

It’s just that most technological lines are oriented towards this size. An increase in height entails an increase in cost. The price of smaller barrels depends on the quality and complexity of processing of a particular product.

Storing goods in stacks.

As for the diameter, the working range here ranges from 160 to 320 mm. Rounded logs of 400 mm or more are processed on special machines. Such non-standard goods are used to equip the main crowns of the building, as well as other important load-bearing units. In addition, the walls of the first floors for multi-storey cottages are sometimes erected from logs with a cross-section of 400 mm.

The cost of the product is greatly influenced by the method of drying the massif. Natural drying takes place for about six months under open sheds in natural conditions. Such a product costs less, but its shrinkage is higher.

Chamber drying involves processing the material in special high-temperature chambers. Such a log shrinks less and is considered to be of higher quality.

Important: glued rounded logs appeared on the market relatively recently. The price for such products is much higher. But, according to experts, they are of exceptional quality.

Barrel processing.

The video in this article contains materials on this topic.

Conclusion

As a business, rounded logs are considered a very profitable option. To launch an average production line with a standard assortment, about half a million rubles are needed. In this case, the payback often does not exceed a year.

Chopped bathhouse.

rubankom.com

Features and installation of a log rounding machine | Construction portal

It so happened historically that since ancient times people have built their homes from wood. This is quite easy to explain by the ease of processing, the availability of such material and excellent thermal conductivity properties. Many years later, with the advent of new technologies, wood began to be processed using special machines. To obtain rounded logs of the same diameter and length, a special woodworking machine is used for rounding logs.

Features of the rounding machine

A rounding machine is a woodworking machine that is designed for the production of rounded logs and profiled timber from round timber and for the production of log houses. The rounding machine makes it possible to perform all the operations that are provided for by the log production technology: making a selection of mounting grooves, a crown cup, rounding a log (primary and secondary processing) and milling a smooth surface.

You can also use the machine to perform such operations as sawing a carriage into edged boards, sawing a log into a carriage and a board, making moldings and blanks for end parquet, obtaining an edged board from an unedged one.

When using a saw unit without removing the log from the center, you can make a compensation groove to relieve the internal stress that occurs when drying the log. All these operations are performed on the machine sequentially with one set of tools for one installation of the log. Because of this, when producing a finished log, there is no need to reinstall the cutters and log.

The combination of different processing modes makes it possible to obtain products of a rather complex configuration - balusters, timber with a complex profile and with different diameters. The formed geometric profile allows the construction of wood structures of any complexity. In addition, machines for rounding logs help to process material 7 meters long.

Design of a log rounding machine

The rounding machine includes the following blocks: a common metal frame made of square pipes, on which guides are installed that are intended to move the power unit and the saw carriage along them. On the common frame there are also headstocks and tailstocks, which are needed for installation in the centers of the original workpiece and driving the log into rotation. On the headstock there is a dividing head, which serves to fix the log in different positions, as well as a spindle head for rotating the cutters.

Milling cutters are used as a working tool special design– figured and universal, which are installed on the spindle shaft of the machine. A universal cutter is necessary for rounding, plane milling and cutting out crown cups. The shaped cutter is intended for cutting out the mounting groove. The technological feature of the cutter used on the machine is to provide a “soft entry” into the wood surface being processed. This results in reduced vibration and will also increase the accuracy of the work.

The knives used in the cutters are removable. If the operator saw that it could not be maintained required size treated surfaces, then you need to sharpen the removable knives. Removable knives are made of high-quality tool steel, which makes it possible to use one set of them for a long time, and the resource of the cutter itself is not limited.

To reduce time and facilitate installation, special mechanical levers are used in the center of the log; they can be installed on the frame in any place, as shown in the photo of the log rounding machine. When passing through small diameters (up to 200 millimeters) of the mounting groove, some deflection of the log may be observed; to eliminate this, a stop roller is used, which is adjusted to the diameter being processed and is installed on the side of the logs opposite the cutter.

When choosing a crown cup, reliable fixation of the carriage is required; for this purpose, mechanical brake devices are used, which are placed at both ends of the carriage and securely fixed. There is also a special mechanism for fixing the carriage, which prevents it from rotating when choosing bowls. When making a longitudinal mounting groove or bowl, very precise (manual) adjustment is also required - for these purposes, a special mechanism for manual rotation of the log is installed.

Classification of rounding machines

Log rounding machines can be divided into two types according to technological schemes:

Pass-through devices with continuous movement of logs. The log in pass-through machines is processed while moving in the tool area without stopping. The movement of logs can be carried out without a gap or with a gap between the ends of adjacent logs.
Cyclic devices with intermittent movement of logs. During one processing cycle in cycle machines, a repeating set of movements occurs. Cyclic machines are divided in turn into two types:
- Cycle-through rounding machines: the log is processed with a cutting tool that makes working movements;
- Cyclo-positional rounding devices: the log is processed while moving relative to the area of the working tool.

Each combination of movements makes it possible to determine the kinematic cutting pattern using different processing methods. The operation of the machine is represented by the following combinations of movements of the log and the working tool: linear and two rotational, linear and rotational.

When processed in pass-through cylindrical cups, a log undergoes a rectilinear movement, and the tool undergoes a corresponding rotational movement. The log in cyclo-pass machines at the moment of processing along the axis of the log makes a rectilinear movement, and the tool in position is rotary, as shown in the video about the machine for rounding logs. When processing a log in positional lathes, it produces a rotational movement, and the tool itself (cutter) moves in a straight line, parallel to the axis of the log.

Depending on the shape and type of the tool and its cutting edges, all types of log processing can be divided into two types - milling and turning. Turning is characterized by a constant process of chip formation. The main movement, which occurs at a fairly high speed when turning, is the rotation of the tool or log. Milling is characterized by a variable chip formation process. When milling, the main movement is the rotation of the tool.

Woodworking machines in our time, according to the degree of automation and mechanization, are divided into the following classes:

In mechanized machines, the main movement and feed movements are performed without human intervention. The operator provides regulation, adjustment and unloading, as well as loading of the machine.
In automatic machines (automatic machines), the entire complex of movements and operations is performed by the machine. A person is assigned the role of monitoring the work and periodically loading the machine with workpieces. In fully automatic machines, the loading of workpieces itself is automated.
In semi-automatic machines, operations are automated only within one cycle, and human intervention is required to complete the next processing cycle.

Comparing different log rounding machines, we can say that not only the price of log rounding machines differs, but also their functions:

Through-type machines have high productivity, but at the same time they demonstrate low processing accuracy and rather high surface roughness due to the lack of a basing system;
Cyclic positioning devices guarantee high accuracy and have excellent quality surface to be treated, but their output capacity is much less than that of pass-through devices;
Cyclic positioning machines have a reliable basing system, occupy a fairly small production area and are widely used in production.

Do-it-yourself installation of a rounding machine

Usually homemade machines for rounding logs are made on the basis of sawmills. The front cone is replaced with a stop, and a thrust bearing or tapered roller bearing is installed on the tailstock. The fixed log rotates using an additional motor, or manually, which is not so practical. Making a cutter is the most difficult. To complete a task as simply as possible, it is made into typesets, that is, assembled from several elements. It should be noted that the material of the cutter itself must be durable, that is, soft alloys are not suitable for these purposes.

Most in a simple way To ensure the movement of the cutter along the log itself, laying an additional rail track along which the installation will move is considered. This will make it possible to eliminate manual dragging. The principle of operation of such an installation is similar to the principle of operation of an ordinary milling machine, when the workpiece, fixed in positions, rotates, and the cutter moves along it.

Remember that it is recommended to install the machine for rounding logs with your own hands on a concrete area. It is also possible to operate the rounding machine on compacted soil. In this case, install the machine on transverse guides of wooden sleepers - for example, a beam with a cross-section of at least 1500X1500 mm. The recommended distance between sleepers is one meter. It is also necessary to prevent soil shrinkage in the places where the machine will be installed.

The machine begins to be installed by assembling the frame. The frame sections should be assembled and installed at an even level in one horizontal plane. Maintain an installation error of no more than 0.5 per 1000 millimeters - both across the guides and along them.

When installing the frame on a concreted area, the frame is mounted at a height of approximately 15-20 centimeters, and the joints of the sections are concreted. The power unit, front and rear headstocks, and racks are mounted on the installed frame, onto which a cable is pulled to secure the electrical moving cable. A clamp-stopper is installed on the power unit. The machine is also grounded to common system grounding.

Next, a motor is connected, which rotates the workpiece. Connect the machine to the electrical network, check that the power supply phases are connected correctly to the appropriate power modes. To do this, press the cutter up/down button. If the actual direction in which the power head moves coincides with the same direction as indicated on the control panel, then the power supply has been connected correctly. Otherwise, it is necessary to change the phases.

After this, you need to check the direction of rotation of the workpiece. When the direction of rotation is incorrect, it is necessary to reverse the phases on the motor. It is prohibited to turn on the workpiece rotation motor and the rounding machine motor until the correct connection of the power supply phases has been checked.

If, after you have made a machine for rounding logs, you carry out the initial start-up more than two months later, after a long break, or the machine was in storage and during transportation in a condition high humidity, then before starting it is necessary to keep it in a dry room for some time to remove moisture from the electrical equipment.

Remember that the front and rear headstocks of the log rounding machine must be placed parallel to the guides and, according to the selected length, be rigidly fixed. In addition, it is necessary to check the alignment of the tailstock and headstock of the rounding machine. For this purpose, measure the distance with an accuracy of one millimeter: between the vertical longitudinal profile and the center of the headstock, between the near guide and the center of the headstock. It is necessary that these distances be the same for the tailstock and the headstock.

Improper balancing of cutters and changes in the sharpening angle of knives can lead to failure of the rounding machine, or to deterioration in the quality of the surface of the product. The shaped cutter is installed on the conical part of the shaft and secured with a bolt. A universal cutter is screwed into the body of the shaped cutter and then tightened with a special wrench.

In addition, if you have made a machine for rounding logs, check that the frame is mounted correctly and horizontally. By placing spacers under the rear headstock, you can determine the parallelism of the axes of the tailstock and front headstock with the plane of movement of the cutter. The thickness of the gasket should be equal to half the taper value.

strport.ru

Do-it-yourself rounding machine for logs

Rounding machines are the main components of wood processing lines, which are applicable both in standard workshops and in the manufacture of similar products with your own hands. The main function of this machine is due to the cutter with complex design and using different types of knife sharpening to remove the smooth top layer from each log.

Log rounding machine

Currently, there are a huge number of similar products of various types and purposes on sale, among which it is not at all difficult to choose the equipment that is ideal for your case.

Galvanizing machine - equipment features

A machine for rounding logs is a mechanism in which the processing of logs is carried out through the contact of several special cutters with them. The latter are driven by a special motor (in some configurations there are two of them).

All logs are securely fixed by the system during feeding, making their simple and uniform processing possible.

Also, depending on the type of equipment, it may also have a rail track, the installation of which for the walk-through version requires a special concrete base for installation.

Read also: what models are there in the line of Corvette sawing machines?

Various types of rounding machines are on sale, including equipment of the Rus and Sherwood type, of the pass-through type, as well as of the modular type.

This equipment, like Sherwood or Rus devices, can be independent units or be part of a woodworking complex. They come in different capacities.

The average volume of logs that the Rus, Termit, and Sherwood machines can freely pass through is 240 mm, although some versions of such equipment can easily handle larger samples.

Round milling machine Sherwood OF-28Ts

Rounding plants allow you to perform a range of types of material processing. In particular, it is used to directly round logs, prepare a longitudinal laying groove, a compensation cut, as well as specialized elements for fastening - side bowls.

This equipment is suitable for all types of material without exception, including the popular beech, oak, birch, ash, pear, alder, pine and other types of wood. to menu

Pros and cons of this processing technology

The advantages of this type of machines for processing logs include:

High speed of product processing.
Precision in many types of processing thanks to the variety of knife sharpening.
Absolute operator safety when working with such equipment.
Simplicity in tinctures, high level automation of such devices.
High quality of material processing, regardless of the quality of the wood processed
Versatility - with this device you can make any workpiece from natural wood.
Low wood consumption, which is provided not only by the Rus and Sherwood samples, but also by a homemade rounding machine.

Rounding machines allow you to make any workpieces from natural wood

As for the disadvantages inherent in this type of device, among them it should be noted:

large dimensions of the equipment, due to which those who like to process wood with their own hands cannot always install such structures in their own home;
high prices for replacement parts, as well as necessary processing products before starting work, for example, sharpening knives.

Replacement parts for rounding machines

For simple processing of logs of various types on such machines without changing the quality of finishing of the material for such structures, it is necessary to purchase the following types of components:

Replaceable cutters, especially non-standard types(when purchasing these components, special attention should be paid to the quality of sharpening knives for certain types of timber).
Additional electromechanical drives for some design types.
Replacement parts for processing bowls.
Parts for making compensation cuts.

Also, sometimes for this type of equipment, including Sherwood and Rus machines, you can buy special types of knife sharpening for individual logs, as well as some flexible replaceable elements. You can replace them yourself. The list of such for each device is individual. to menu

Popular types of rounding machine

Currently, there are several popular varieties of such equipment used by professionals, as well as DIY enthusiasts to carry out construction, repair, Finishing work in the house.

Round timber rounding machine Altai-os550

Among these models:

Rounding machine Altai. The equipment, thanks to its knife sharpening features, allows you to process logs with a diameter of up to 550 mm. Equipped with spherical and end-type cutters. The main advantages of this version when processing logs: the ability to select the optimal speed of the device throughput, as well as adjust the depth of penetration of the knives. Ideal for all types of production, like Sherwood, including the construction of small wooden houses.
Rounding machine Kedr. Another type of pass-through type equipment for industrial enterprises. Allows you to lay up to 7.5 meters of logs per processing. Suitable for all types of logs thanks to the unique type of sharpening of the cutter.
Rounding machine Taiga OS 1. The equipment, like Sherwood, is suitable for roughing and finishing types of wood processing. Allows you to work with samples with a maximum diameter of 240 mm. Like other examples of the walk-through type, it can be used for industrial purposes, including the construction of a house or bathhouse from timber. Depending on the type of knife sharpening, it can be used for various tasks.
Rounding machine Termit. Universal equipment of the pass-through type, like the Rus machine, suitable for processing various types of timber. Ideal for industrial enterprises where it can receive up to 900 linear meters finished timber per shift. The modern design of this equipment eliminates the possibility of the log turning during processing.

General view and technical characteristics of the Termit rounding machine

All types of this equipment are most suitable for industrial production of timber, however, if there are proper conditions for doing it yourself, they can be used at home.

The cost of such products, as well as the Rus or Sherwood models, depends on the equipment included, as well as the company selling this type of equipment. The best prices for it from official dealers.

For those for whom such products are not suitable technical parameters, you can make a homemade rounding machine, created according to existing equipment sketches. to menu

The process of rounding logs on a machine (video)

Home page » Woodworking

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DIY rounding machines

People have worked with wood for a very long time. Since then, the use of this raw material has only gained momentum. Currently, there are entire facilities dedicated to wood processing. However, skillful owners can assemble some devices themselves if they need to process wood in large quantities. The rounding machine became a rather useful device.

Purpose of the equipment

The main purpose of this machine is that it is used to give the correct shape to those logs that are used for the construction of log houses. Naturally, harvesting can be done manually, but the use of an automated device significantly speeds up and facilitates the entire process.

The rounding machine has the following number of functions:

prepares grooves in logs for further installation;
carries out rounding of the material;
used for the production of edged boards from carriages;
you can prepare dies for parquet;
smooth wood can be milled;
trimming unedged boards;
production of timber of the required sizes.

In addition, this equipment can create expansion grooves using a circular saw, and the processing speed of raw materials is adjustable.

What does the unit consist of?

The rounding machine includes several of the following components:

A metal frame, which is most often made from rectangular-type pipes.
Necessary guides for moving the power and sawing device.
Headstocks used for fastening and torsion of logs. The headstock must be equipped with a dividing head that secures the barrel. The spindle head will also be mounted there.
The milling cutter for rounding machines is one of the key elements. If the cutter is of a figured type, then it can be used to make a groove for mounting, but if it is universal, then it can be used for rounding, cutting crown cups, and processing planes.
Removable knives for the cutter will also be an important element. They must be made of good steel. The main convenience is that they can be replaced without removing the cutter itself.

Types of units

Today there are several types of rounding machines.

Pass-through type machines ensure constant movement of the workpiece on the table, processing it at the same time. There are also cyclic type machines, in which movement and processing occurs in several cycles. In addition, this type of equipment is divided into two more - these are cyclo-pass and cyclo-position. In the first case, the wood workpiece remains stationary, and the cutter moves; in the second case, on the contrary, the processing tool does not move, the wood moves.

It is also worth noting here that the division of machines is also carried out according to the level of their automation. There are mechanical, automatic and semi-automatic machines. If a mechanical type of machine is used, then loading of material and setting up all processes is carried out by the operator. In automatic machines, all this happens without human intervention; you just need to control the progress of the work. Semi-automatic machines are capable of controlling only one stage of work; then operator intervention will be required.

A small comparison of classes

Continuous-type rounding machines are distinguished by their high productivity, but they also have a certain error during operation, and the surface may remain slightly rough.

Units belonging to the cyclic type process the surface much better, and also perform other operations, but this significantly affects productivity.

However, it is worth noting here that it is the second category of devices that has become more widely used. Since they are more compact, and their base is considered more stable.

DIY rounding machine

Most simple option Assembling such a device with your own hands will use a sawmill as a base. Instead of the front cone of the equipment, it is necessary to install a stop. The bearing for this part will be equipped with the headstock, which is located at the rear. To rotate the workpiece, you can use electric motor or a pen.

The greatest difficulty is in the manufacture of a cutter, and therefore they try to assemble it from several separate elements. It is very important that the material used for this part must be very durable. To move the cutter, an additional rail is used, which also needs to be installed. The final device is very similar to a conventional milling machine. The workpiece is placed in the grooves and rotates, and the cutter moves along. Rounding machines work in the same way.

Assembly steps

The first step is to assemble the frame. The installation height of the frame is 20 cm. The tilt error is allowed in the region of 0.5 mm per 1 meter. The second step is installing the power mechanism, as well as attaching the headstocks. Next, you need to secure the cable for the electrical cable to the installed racks. After this, you can begin attaching the stopper to the power mechanism. An important part of the job will be the grounding equipment for the device if it uses an electric motor. Only after the grounding has been arranged can you begin to connect the motor to the power supply. When this is ready, it is necessary to check the compliance of the phases with the operating modes. If they were connected incorrectly, then when the motor is turned on, reverse rotation will occur. If this happens, then the phases need to be swapped. When everything is ready, you should check again for correct rotation. It is strictly prohibited to lay the log before all inspection work has been successfully completed.

Particular attention must be paid to the headstock fastenings. They are installed as rigidly as possible and parallel to the guides. The axes of both elements must coincide. It is also important to balance the cutter, otherwise the machine will quickly fail.

What is the significance of the curvature of a log when sawing ungraded wood on a multi-rip machine?

Why does a thread-like strip form on its surface when rounding a log?

Why is the Kedr rounding machine cheaper? Question from Boris from Krasnoyarsk.

I bought a rounding machine that looks the same as OTSS-1M. Is it possible to buy a new cutter for it?

There is a need to purchase a laser cut indicator for a sawmill. Will your laser work in such conditions of -40C? What is the line length of a line laser?

Hello! Do you have machines for sale for rounding logs, where the natural consistency of the log is preserved? We build handmade houses. You have to cut and chop by hand, but I would like to try to get a similar result using a machine. Best regards, Evgeniy.

Hello, we purchased an OS1-400 machine from the Izhkomstanko company, started production and encountered one very interesting point, the essence of the question is whether it is necessary to make a raw round log larger in diameter by about half a cm, so that when it dries, you get the desired diameter? And does a dry log absorb moisture after assembly? If it absorbs, does the part increase in diameter? Or not? Thank you very much in advance for your help.

How to set knives on the OS1-400 cylinder machine?

How do you solve the log vibration problem?

Tell me, how do Svyatogor and Sherwood machines differ from Pilteh machines?

Why does a wave form when sawing on a band sawmill?

What is the difference between the OTS-4A rounding machine and the OTS-2A?

... I recently learned that the yield on circular sawmills is much more than 78-80 percent, after I also read about it on the Internet, is it true? After all, on disc wheels the thickness of the cut is greater, so why is the output so large?

How to check the geometry of a band sawmill?

What is better to specialize in production: only cylindering of logs, production of house kits, production and assembly of houses from cylindered logs?

How does the height of a wall made of rounded logs depend on the width of the mounting groove?

The principle of processing the surface of a log during rounding.

How to join a cross-cutting machine and a cup cutting machine in a line?

What to do if instead of a cylindrical log you get a cone (carrot)? The difference in the butt and apex reaches 5 mm.

How long does it take to round one log, what is the real productivity?

Why does the conveyor belt move to the side?

What are the types of rounding machines?

What is the difference between the OTS-2A rounding machine and the OTS-3A?

How to make a rounding machine with your own hands? I don’t see anything complicated except the rounding cutter. Is it possible to order from you a cutter for a rounding machine and a cutter for a cup cutter with a diameter of 220 mm?

The complete set of the OTS-3A rounding machine, what else will be needed to organize the production and assembly of houses from rounded logs?

What is the difference between houses made from rounded logs and those assembled from hand-cut logs?

Is it possible to additionally order a milling cutter for the OTS-1 rounding machine?

Is it possible to purchase your machine on credit or lease?

Where can I see your equipment in action?

I saw your machine in our region.

But I can’t find it in the photo on your Pilteh website?

Can I pick up the OTS-2A machine in my car?

Interested in corner disc sawmill. Deadlines?

I want to order a machine with certain parameters.

In order to cut the required part of a wooden board or make a product of the required thickness, special units will be required. In order to make a cut, you need circular saws. With their help, you can quickly cut the desired piece from a board or log. To calibrate the product you will need thickness planer. Thanks to it, it is possible to produce a wooden part of the required thickness with an accuracy of literally up to a millimeter.

Circular saws are different. Manual and stationary units designed for working with wood products are now being produced. different types. This equipment is a powerful electric tool, the main part of which is a durable disk with very sharp teeth. This unit will easily cut boards, laminate, slats, and wood boards. It's even suitable for cutting metal.

Circular saws come in different models. Therefore, their technical characteristics may differ. To choose the power tool you really need for production, you should familiarize yourself with the following characteristics of the equipment when purchasing:

depth of cut.

One of the most important indicators of the unit. It depends on the diameter of the disk. The larger its size, the deeper the cut will be;
Engine power is also an important indicator. It affects the speed of the equipment. How more powerful unit, the more productive it will be. Circular saws used in production can have a power of 2500 W. This is a very high figure;
equipment safety. Since circular saws will be constantly used by workers at a woodworking enterprise, they must be completely safe to use. Therefore, you need to choose units with a protection system, a lock that prevents their accidental activation.

To calibrate wood blanks, a thickness planer is required. Most often it is used in furniture production, since manufacturers of interior items require professional equipment that would allow them to produce neat and beautiful products. When choosing a thickness planer, you need to pay attention to its technical capabilities:

how often the shaft rotates. The faster it rotates, the smoother the surface of the workpiece will be;
depth and width of the cut made by the thickness planer. Depth is an indicator that means how much wood the unit can cut in one pass.
Width – what width of parts the machine can process.

What is a rounded log and what is it used for?

It is customary to call a rounded log from which the top layer of wood is cut off on a special woodworking machine. As a result of this processing, the diameter along the entire length of the log will be the same, i.e., a cylinder is obtained from a cone-shaped tree trunk.

Houses made of rounded logs look not just beautiful, but elegant. They are warm, durable, and, most importantly, environmentally friendly. Ordering a house made of rounded logs on the website http://stroi-terem.ru/category/houses-made-of-rounded-logs/ will not cause any difficulties. By going to the website you can find out prices, deadlines for completing work, delivery options, and much more. etc.

Logs are manufactured according to GOST 9463-88.

The nominal length of such logs should be from 3.5 to 6.5 m in increments of 250 mm. Thus, a total of 13 standard sizes are possible. Deviation from the obtained length is allowed from + 30 to + 100 mm.

For construction, rounded logs having a certain diameter are usually used. The standard defines the smallest log diameter as 140 mm. Most manufacturers set this diameter from the specified size in steps of 20 mm. Usually the row ends with 280 or 300 mm logs.

But since only for some manufacturers the state standard is a mandatory document, both the length of the logs and their diameter, at the request of the customer, can be made to any size that will correspond to the design dimensions of the future building.

To lay a rounded log in a log house, a longitudinal groove called a laying groove is cut on one side of it. Its width should be greater than the radius of the log and the shape should correspond as closely as possible to the lower log. Those. the radius of this groove must be equal to the radius of the log.

Typically, rounded logs are made from “raw” wood and are dried to the required condition already as part of the log house. Very often the drying process is uneven - when the inner layers remain wet, but the outer ones dry out quickly. Stresses arise in them, which cause longitudinal cracking of the logs. In the area of the longitudinal groove, stresses are removed by removing the laying groove. And on the side of the log opposite to the groove, the tension is relieved with a longitudinal cut several millimeters wide and a depth of approximately 0.05 - 0.1 of the diameter of the log. It is called a relief or compensation groove.

How do machines for rounding logs work?

Such a machine can be positional or through-type. In the first case, the axis of rotation of the log is stationary, and the log rotates at a frequency of 20 to 60 rpm. Steel roughing and finishing cutters move along the log with a rotation speed of 3,000 - 4,000 rpm. Roughing consists of first removing a layer of bark and wood until a given diameter is obtained, with an allowance for finishing. Then a thin layer of wood is cut off with a finishing cutter at high rotation speed, and a fine surface is obtained.

In pass-through machines, the processed log is fed by toothed rollers into a stationary rounding rotor, from which it emerges fully processed with compensation and stacking grooves.

Positional type machines are divided into turning and rotary cylinder machines.
Cylinder turning is a large lathe with a wooden workpiece length of up to 7 meters or more and a raw log diameter of up to 500 mm or more. The rounding rotor contains a rotating cutter, which produces rounding on the forward pass, and on the reverse pass, laying and compensation grooves are cut.

Theoretically, a simplified model of such a machine can be made at home, but working on it will be quite dangerous. The large mass of the rotating log, high speeds of the processing cutter and sufficiently large energy capacities are almost impossible to implement in the garage or shed of a private house.

It’s easier and cheaper to buy a batch of ready-made rounded logs and build a house or bathhouse from them.

How to make a stool from a log with your own hands / Wood crafts / Furniture Master's Secret

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The rounding machine is used for wood processing - cylindering, cutting grooves and bowls of crown logs, and plane milling. The use of equipment allows you to assemble a log house without additional processing of parts. Operations are carried out during one installation of the workpiece.

Design features of the machine

The operation of the equipment is similar to that of semi-automatic lathes equipped with a milling head. Automation is provided within a cycle - one approach, during the implementation of which the equipment performs an operation according to specified parameters. To change actions and control the cutting tool, operator participation is required.

The design of the machine has the following components:

Supports and rail track.
Rail equipment - lifting and moving mechanisms.
Drive and supply of cutting tools.
Headstock and tailstock.
Stands and strings for connecting electrical cables.
Push button post.

The working tools are finishing and spherical cutters. The equipment uses finishing cutters of 2 diameters:

150 mm. The output size of the product is 160-190 mm.
190 mm. The achievable size is 200-240 mm.

The cutting surface of the finishing cutter lies in one plane.

By adjusting the blades of the spherical cutter, the size of the groove is determined. The operation of the equipment is ensured by asynchronous motors, one of which (front) is responsible for feeding the cutter, the second (rear) ensures rotation of the workpiece.

Operating parameters when processing wood depend on the type of species, the state of humidity and freezing of the material, and the thickness of the workpiece. The speed of rotation of the log and the feed of the cutter are subject to adjustment.

Operating principle of the equipment

Processing of wood workpieces is carried out by moving the drive and feeding finishing or spherical cutters along the log installed on the rail track. The cutting element is fed manually. A finishing cutter is used for longitudinal cutting of material; the spherical shape of the tool is used for milling crown cups.

The wood workpiece is given rotation or rigid fixed fixation. The position depends on the type of operation. Static fixation is applied to cup selections and compensation cuts. Rotational movements are imparted to the log only when the workpiece is cylindered simultaneously with rigid fasteners.

The mechanism of action of the machine is built on:

rotational or stationary state of the log preparation;
translational and rotational movement of the cutter.

When cylindering, the accuracy of a given size is achieved and the curvature of the product is eliminated. The workpiece is processed according to the axis of the product, taking into account the following features:

The workpiece is installed with the butt (thickened part) to the headstock to prevent extreme layer removal.
The translational movements of the cutter are carried out in the direction from the front to the tailstock.

The accuracy of log cylindering is ensured by the rigid fixation of the front and rear headstocks and the alignment of the fasteners. Obtaining the required product size is achieved in several approaches.

Cylinder operation

In cylindering operations, constant rotation of the workpiece, fixed in the centers of the headstocks, and the cutter, which is moved along the length of the log, is specified. The workpiece is located on lever lifts from the front to the tailstock. Before work begins, the rack is brought to the headstock.

During the work process the following operations are performed:

bringing the workpiece close to the headstock;
installing the workpiece in the centers of the headstock and tailstock in the form of a rigid fastener by adjusting the rear clamp screws;
task of milling head parameters for roughing minimum material removal;
sequential start of workpiece and cutter rotation drives;
manual movement of the cutter using a rack;

At the end of the pass, the rotation of the workpiece (drive) stops to bring the rack to its original position and set new cutting parameters. Operations are resumed in a similar manner.

Mounting groove selection operation

An assembly groove is a longitudinal recess on the workpiece that simplifies the mating of logs when installing finished products. The difference between the grooving operation and cylindering is the processing of the workpiece in a fixed position. Sampling operations are carried out in the following order:

moving the rack to the position of the headstock;
installation of logs in the centers of the headstocks with fixation against rotation;
adjusting the horizontal position of the cutter to the processed surface of the log;
the task of cutter parameters in an amount smaller than the diameter of the workpiece;
turning on the cutter drive;
sampling by manual translational movement of a moving cutter using the rack handle.

The groove parameters (depth, width) after excavation are unchanged throughout the entire length of the log.

Operation of selecting crown cups

The presence of crown cups facilitates the installation of the structure. Their creation is carried out after cylindering and cutting out the groove. Milling cups requires following the following order:

fixing the workpiece on the rails using a brake;
applying a graphic mark on the cup;
alignment of the center of the cutter and the planned excavation;
turning on the drive of the working tool;
directly removing the material by moving the cutter downwards by the handle.

Before carrying out the excavation, the task of extending the cutter knives, set to a single radius, is required. When working with spherical cutters, the positions of the knives are checked at least 2 times per shift and before starting to operate the equipment.

Installation of equipment

The reliability and performance of the machine is ensured by technically competent installation. Installation of equipment is carried out taking into account the mandatory requirements:

To install the machine, parallel beams or a concrete base are used without pouring the rails. The place is protected by a canopy from precipitation.
Power supply for equipment according to technical specifications. Switching on to the operating mode is allowed after checking the phase and ensuring grounding.
Balancing rail tracks by level in horizontal and vertical directions.
Ensuring the alignment of the rear and front headstocks.

High labor organization is achieved by zoning the site with the creation of storage areas for blanks, finished products and lumber. Before starting work, the condition of the surface, cutters, drive belts must be checked and the working units are lubricated.

Own sawmill in household– production is extremely useful. Wooden house and the site is required permanent work and updates, but at the same time it has a lot of disadvantages: rot, damage, burning. In order to replace one of the elements of a house or outbuilding in time, material is required. Sometimes it’s simply expensive to bring it. Therefore, homemade machines for rounding logs will come in handy. Types, advantages and disadvantages are described below.

Factory production

Today, log cylindering is carried out using high-precision equipment in one cycle of processing natural unbarked logs. Such technical innovations are not cheap, but they are fully justified - owners of forestry and house-building businesses confirm a sevenfold payback. Beginning entrepreneurs are not able to immediately acquire the innovations of progress, and therefore they use the following types of devices:

Each of the machines requires a special room for the smooth shipment of finished products and the availability of maintenance and repair personnel. Therefore, private farms prefer to host homemade equipment, producing high-quality whips for self-assembly log house

Homemade installations

To ensure that homemade log rounding is not inferior in quality to production, assemble your own mechanism according to all the rules, take into account all safety issues, otherwise, in the absence of experience, the risk of breakdown or health hazard increases. The requirements for a homemade installation are as follows:

To assemble a homemade machine for rounding logs, it is important to have similar experience and understanding of the operation of each unit. Otherwise, the electrically driven mechanism will become dangerous.

Installation

For work, an old sawmill is used, on which the body is replaced with a stop and tailstocks for clamping an unbarked trunk. A tapered or other roller bearing is installed as a holder. In order for the log to easily rotate along its own axis, you will need an additional motor; manually the process will take a long time.

To move the cutter, the most simple solution will be laying the rail track. There is no need to drag heavy whips by hand. The distance between the transverse sleepers, which reinforce the structure and on which the rail is attached, is no more than 1 m; for installation, timber impregnated with special compounds or ready-made sleepers are used.

Installation of a homemade machine for rounding begins with assembling the frame. Using a welding machine, its sections are prepared separately. And during assembly, they check with a level so that the structure is in the same plane. An error of 0.5 mm per meter is allowed, since perfect evenness will still not be achieved, and a heavy log will smooth out the discrepancy in the future.

Strengthen the milling unit, assembled from parts lathe. After all, in addition to rounding, you need to cut out a cup on the barrel. This requires a special vertical cutter, which is made independently or ordered from the manufacturer’s catalog.

To form the laying groove and compensation cut, appropriate components are required. A circular saw will work. Install it on the side of the milling unit.

Now connect the motor for rotation. Immediately provide a power supply with the recommended voltage in the room intended to be a home sawmill; the power cable must go separately and be connected to an independent panel, otherwise there will be permanent knockout household appliances in the house cannot be avoided, which cannot affect their work. The engine is strengthened with anchor bolts. The correct connection is indicated on the case; the movement of the power head must coincide with it. If there is a discrepancy, swap the phases.

Connection cables for various components are installed over the entire length finished machine with reserve. Safety of use lies in strengthening them above the machine with flexible holders. Do not let the cable sag, much less touch the work surface - cutting it is fraught with consequences.

Before putting into operation, the machine for rounded logs is checked for parallelism of the axes of the headstocks, front and rear. The moving cutter must run exactly horizontally. If this is not done, the least trouble that occurs during operation is the curvature of the barrel. Large – failure of the entire system. In addition, the error of parallel lines leads to the play of the log, especially with poor fixation.

Operation and care

At production sites, the production of finished logs can be up to 800 m per work shift. At home, this is hardly possible, and it is not necessary. To get several pieces of high-quality central bond for future construction per day, follow the rules safe operation and carry out preventive measures in a timely manner. So:

Do the current and major renovation homemade installation for rounding logs. In the first option, complete disassembly may not be necessary if prevention was carried out on time. At this stage, bearings, bolts, fasteners are replaced, the sharpness of cutting tools is checked and, if necessary, they are changed.

Major repairs are carried out only by the efforts of an electric motor service specialist and an assembler. That is, the power unit is removed and sent to the workshop. Doing something yourself, in the absence of knowledge and experience, is not recommended. You can only replace the bearings on the rotating shaft yourself.

In this article:

All machines for the production of cylinders can be classified according to the following criteria:

production technology;
kinematic cutting diagram;
type of cutting tool;
degree of automation of the processing process.

It is by these criteria that we will consider the equipment presented on the domestic market of woodworking machines.

Classification according to technological schemes

Today, 3 technologies for the production of rounded logs are used:

1) Classic

The log is clamped in the center of the ends and rotates. The movable cutter removes chips by moving along the workpiece. Positional lathes operate according to this scheme.

2) Positional

The log is also fixed in the center, but is processed by a stationary rounding spindle equipped with a special rotary head. This technology was developed for rotary type positioning machines.

3) Passage

Log clamps are not used - the workpiece is moved through the rotary head by a roller mechanism. Machines operating on this principle are classified as rotary-type equipment.

Pros and cons of different technologies

Advantages of pass-through technology:

continuous supply of logs is possible, which ensures processing speed;
a high proportion of finished product yield (up to 90%) is achieved by uniform distribution of the allowance in cross section. The allowance is necessary to form a log cylinder and a circle at its ends. With this technology, this indicator is no more than 1-2 1-2 msm in diameter;
the length of the log is practically unlimited, but minimum size should be such that during processing the workpiece does not end up in the gap between the rollers;
good productivity - in an 8-hour shift, about 35-40 m3 of products (100-130 logs) are produced on such a machine;
aspiration is used to remove chips;
versatility - these machines can produce not only rounded logs, but also edged lumber, block houses, and decorative slab boards.

Main disadvantage: the curvature of the finished part is almost identical to the curvature of the original log; It is quite difficult to compensate for this shortcoming - either ensure the loading of relatively smooth raw materials, or saw the semi-finished product into blanks 1-2 m long.

The main advantage of positioning machines is minimal curvature of the log at the exit, which allows you to work with any workpiece.

Flaws:

the volume fraction of the output depends on the initial curvature and run of the log. For example, when processing 1st grade logs (according to GOST 9463-88), the waste rate can exceed 50%;
the length of the workpiece is limited by the dimensions of the machine;
lower productivity than pass-through equipment. But the problem of time-consuming readjustment in equipment with rotation of the workpiece has been partially solved - it is enough to move the support of the milling unit in the transverse direction. But when working on machines with log fixation, the complexity of setting up the tool is significant, since it is necessary to align the cutters of the cutting module as accurately as possible when changing the standard size of the raw material;
the need for qualified personnel - incorrect reconfiguration of cutters can reduce the processing accuracy to zero.

Main disadvantage- average performance indicators - can be eliminated by installing a second milling unit on the machine, which will allow finishing and roughing to be carried out in one pass.

Profile forming equipment

The production of edges and grooves of rounded logs is carried out using saws or specialized cutters.

Depending on the type of machine and its configuration, these operations are performed either simultaneously, together with the formation of a cylindrical log, or in an additional pass. Of course, the first option is preferable in terms of processing speed and overall performance.

Depending on the type of cutting tool, the cylindering process is performed:

1) Turning

The main movement is the rotation of the workpiece or tool, during which chips are formed continuously.

The cutting module can be:

rotor(female head with a set of round cutters for roughing and finishing gouging) – optimal configuration for machines that does not cause difficulties in reconfiguration;
through cutters(angular, oblique knives) is an effective, but outdated technology, the use of which requires the participation of a qualified specialist.

2) Milling

The main movement is rotation of the tool:

two longitudinal cutters;
end mills with longitudinal feed;
conical end mills with longitudinal feed.

The most common option today is face-taper cutters. But for pass-through machines, profile ones are considered the most promising.

On a positioning machine with a movable milling unit, the profile is made after the cylinder has been formed. The rotation mechanism is blocked, cutters/saws are attached to the support. In this case, the speed of reinstallation and correct adjustment of the equipment is crucial, otherwise significant downtime will result.

On most pass-through machines, milling and sawing units are included as standard. They are located in the direction of movement of the log, behind the cutting module. The straightness of the edges of the grooves, as well as the formation of the cylinder itself, directly depends on the degree of curvature of the feedstock.

Despite the fact that turning is recognized as a more accurate technology for obtaining an ideal cylinder, the quality of the cut does not particularly depend on the type of machine - only on the sharpening of the tool, its correct settings and operation. It is important that the workpiece setting bases are maintained between operations - any reconfiguration leads to a loss of manufacturing accuracy of various structural elements. In this regard, positional type equipment with a fixed position of the log is recognized as the best. On such machines, deviations in dimensions can only occur if the cutting tools are severely worn or the frame structure is insufficiently rigid.

Formation of “cups” - connecting mounting grooves

The “cup” element is made using a milling unit and straight guides that feed the tool. After forming the groove, the cutter returns to its original position.

Such a structural unit can be part of the process flow - the edges of the laying groove, to which the axis of the “cup” is oriented, become the supporting base. In the most common arrangement, the cutter cuts into the workpiece below the center axis.

But, as practice shows, the best accuracy indicators are demonstrated by positional type machines, on which the cup cutter is installed on a support with a vertical cutter. In this case, the axis of the cup can be formed under different angles to the plane of the mounting groove. For such operation of the cup-cutting unit, it is necessary that the log is rotated along its axis and fixed in a new position.

If the rounding machine is not equipped with a cup-cutting module, equipment for cutting grooves can be purchased separately. The asking price is from 100,000 rubles.

About mechanization and automation

According to this criterion, rounding machines can be divided into 3 classes:

automated– the entire complex of operations (including loading and feeding of workpieces) is performed by the machine;
semi-automated– the process is automated within one work cycle. Next, only the loading/unloading of the machine is performed manually, and all other operations are performed by the machine;
mechanized– loading/unloading, setting, and regulating the operation of the machine are performed by humans.

Today in our country, mainly mechanized machines are used, which are equipped with modules for loading/unloading, cutting and feeding. But basing, setting, monitoring and regulating the production process is done by man. Additional equipment is also used - forklifts and transporters.

So what should you choose?

Considering that equipment with different technological schemes has almost the same level of maintenance and service costs, the main parameters by which a rounding machine is evaluated are the productivity and quality of processing of all structural elements.

In terms of the first indicator, the pass-through machine leaves behind all types of positional equipment. That is, it allows you to ensure the shortest payback period for capital costs and greater profits. True, this statement is effective only if there is stable sales and supply of raw materials. But the quality of the products leaves much to be desired: a rough surface due to shortcomings in the basing system and non-observance of straightness when using insufficiently smooth raw materials.

Regarding processing accuracy, positional equipment has the best performance, although it throughput an order of magnitude lower than through-path machines.

However, for an objective assessment, the manufacturer of any technological equipment usually provides a sample manufactured at this machine. The results of his examination can tell a lot.

Industrial machine for production of products High Quality must be equipped with:

massive frame;
precise guides;
convenient control system;
powerful drive (7-90 kW);
safety barriers in the cutting area.

Let's summarize: pass-through type machines are indispensable for large production, where it is possible to sort raw materials. The main line of business is the serial production of ready-made building kits for the construction of wooden houses.

But for medium and small enterprises focused on working on exclusive projects, with output volumes of up to 15 m 3 /shift, and also when using raw materials with a high percentage of curvature, knots and other defects, the best option is a positional lathe.

To commit right choice, it is necessary to have a clear understanding of the raw material base, the parameters of the production premises and technological scheme work of future production. Since the machine must support the size range of raw burdens, be compatible with other equipment, match the planned flow rate and fit into the workshop area.

There are about 30 companies represented on today's woodworking equipment market. Therefore, knowing the parameters of “your” machine, all that remains is to decide on the manufacturer.