Addressable fire alarm system is a fire protection system for any facility. Types of fire alarms Addressable analogue control panels allow

Fire detectors According to the sensor tracking method, they are divided into address And non-addressed. Each of these types of systems has its own advantages and disadvantages. When it is better to use this or that system, at this or that object it is necessary to determine on the spot in order to “squeeze” the maximum out of this system. It all depends on what kind of object it is and what result you want to get.

Non-addressed(threshold) detectors historically appeared first and this is logical. This type of detector responds to a signal in the loop, which is transmitted by the detector to the control point. At the same time, it is unknown which device sent the signal. The fact is that several fire detectors can be connected to one loop, the exact number of which depends only on the limitations of the given specific system. The indication system of a non-addressable control device, as a rule, is a series of LEDs, each of which is responsible for a specific loop. If the diode lights up green- order, red - “fire” or any unauthorized influence on the device. When a signal arrives, the indication system “does not know” which detector sent it. That is, a signal was given that the building needs to be evacuated, but what happened and whether the fire needs to be extinguished, as well as where, this can be decided later.

This approach can be convenient for small sites. It is possible to achieve greater localization of such a system only by increasing the number of loops, and this already entails a significant complication of the system and an inevitable increase in the number of wires. As a result, the reliability of the system decreases. However, targeted control devices that do not have such disadvantages come to the rescue.

Address The control device constantly communicates two-way with sensor detectors. This principle of operation allows not only to accurately determine which sensor sent the signal, but to recognize the nature of the signal (for example, “fire”, “smoke”, etc.). The use of this type of fire warning is relevant for large objects, where it will not be possible to bypass parts of the territory in a couple of minutes.

Address systems are designed in such a way that each device is assigned a personal, individual “address” or, in other words, an “id”. Addressable systems allow you to receive not only a fire signal, they transmit a number of other information - the cause of the alarm (fire, smoke), temperature, detector address, serial number, release date, service life and much more. Thus, when a signal is received, a lot of information immediately becomes known - where, for what reason, etc. Accordingly, knowing the cause of the signal and a number of other information, you can take the most correct measures.

However, such a system also has its drawbacks. The main disadvantage is the complexity of the system. A lot of information is, of course, good, but most of it will only be needed by an engineer during the next maintenance, and even then not all of it. But when installing the system, a number of tasks will have to be solved, for the solution of which it is necessary to have certain knowledge and skills of working specifically with this system. When connecting the system, you will have to include a “configuration” or “commissioning project” section in the documentation. It may be necessary to produce extra work by assigning an address to each device (of course, this depends on the model, in some this happens automatically, in others this must be done manually on each sensor)

And soon there was a discussion of both the new GOST R 53325-2009 and SP5.13130.2009.
The first most important and extremely pressing issue was the provision of indulgence on issue 1-2-3-4 for addressable analog IPs. Flight. V.L. Zdor was against everyone.
The second most important question was precisely the question regarding addressable devices, that they must necessarily have two-way data exchange. Here, except for Unitett, everyone was unanimous. And this despite the fact that I was then working at A-S and, one might say, burying these beloved Rainbows with my own hands.
But everything has its time. There was already Rainbow-3 and on the way based on IP Auror, PPKP Synchro (Kentec) and the Vega protocol new system Rainbow-240.

GOST R 53325-2009
3.5 addressable fire detector: PI having an individual address identified by an addressable control panel.
3.6 analogue fire detector: Automatic PI that provides transmission to the control panel of information about the current value of the controlled fire factor.
3.23 threshold fire detector: Automatic PI that issues an alarm when the controlled parameter reaches or exceeds the set threshold.
7.1.2 By type of information transmitted about the fire hazard situation in the protected premises between the control panel and other technical means fire alarm PPKP are subdivided
for devices:
- analog;
- discrete; (there was no term threshold yet)
- combined.
7.2.1.2 Targeted control panels must additionally provide the following functions:
a) transition to the “Fire” mode when in the protected room (at the location where the addressable PI is installed) the controlled fire factor exceeds the established or programmed quantitative value of the response threshold, the control panel receives the “Fire” signal from the PI, as well as when the manual addressable PI is turned on within a period of not more than 10 s;
c) two-way exchange of data via an address communication line with other fire alarm technical equipment, providing confirmation of the correct exchange of information; (all this will soon disappear)
d) automatic remote testing of the performance of addressable PIs with visual display of the addresses of failed PIs. The time interval from the moment of failure of the address PI to the moment information appears on the address control panel about this event should be no more than 20 minutes; (pay attention to this figure!!)
g) visual display of the numbers of address PIs from which the “Fire” signal was received, containing information about the time/order of receipt of signals;

And here too, but in a few years. GOST R 53325-2012
7.1.2 By type of exchange of information about the fire hazard situation in protected premises between devices and IP, as well as other technical means fire automatics, devices are divided into:
- analog:
- threshold; (and previously they were discrete)
- combined.
Note - The analogue type of information presentation means the reception and transmission of data about the current value of the monitored parameter in the form of an analog or digitized signal. (this is a new additive, it didn’t exist before, otherwise some people have no way to prove anything).
A new section 7.5 “Destination requirements for addressable devices” has appeared, but there is no mention of two-way data exchange. Why. There are only five years between the 2009 edition and the entry into force in 2014 of the 2012 edition. Having received a certificate before the 2009 edition came into force, it was easy to survive until the subsequent edition without changing anything in some PPCP. And I even know who lobbied for it.

Thank God that many people no longer know, and others have simply completely forgotten what primitive survey systems are. And we should all just be happy about this. In just over ten years, we have completely moved away from those compromise systems.
It is clear that in any address system, even if there is a two-way exchange, you can send any commands back and forth and receive any information. The volume and necessity of certain commands and data, i.e., the exchange protocol, is determined for the most part not by the control panel manufacturer, but by the manufacturer of addressable devices, including IP. Which systems are addressable-analog in their pure form, or addressable-analog with the ability to make decisions, incl. directly to the individual entrepreneur, it will be possible to understand more prospects in 10-20 years.
But we satisfied the curiosity of our respected Tregar.

Currently, addressable analogue fire alarm systems are considered the most technically advanced. Often, some unscrupulous consultants use the term “analog” to refer to addressless discrete systems with threshold operation.

This is not correct, because in modern systems In the fire alarm system, the analog signal continuously displays the value of the measured parameter.

Addressable fire alarm systems use detectors similar in type of operation to addressless systems. However, addressable peripheral devices have an additional node that converts the signals transmitted by the control panel into a digital code containing information about a specific detector:

• place of its installation;
• condition, etc.

At the same time, information is received by the control panel not after the fire detector is triggered, but as a result of a survey carried out by the control panel at a certain frequency. This method allows not only high accuracy localize the location of the fire, but also reduce the reaction time to the occurrence of a fire.

The addressable analogue fire alarm system has a principle of operation that is completely different from threshold-type systems. The fire detector in this system performs the function of measuring the controlled parameter and transmitting the received information to the monitoring and control panel.

After this, the received information is analyzed, the device keeps statistics and monitors changes in parameters. Based on the final data, a decision is made to activate the appropriate action algorithm, depending on the state of the system.

Class of the object where the addressable analogue fire alarm system should be installed, as well as the main response parameters:

• response time;
• frequency of surveying detectors;
• system turn-on speed automatic fire extinguishing and so on.

regulated by GOST R 53325 - 2009.

ADDRESSED ANALOG DETECTOR

Addressable analogue detectors are much more complex and expensive devices than conventional threshold detectors for non-addressable fire alarms. In addition to the sensitive sensor, they contain a RAM buffer, where information is accumulated in the event of absence or critical deterioration of communication with the control panel.

After transferring the information to reception and control The device's RAM is cleared. In addition, to compensate for the drift of indicators, statistics collected by the detector are used, which are processed by the control panel.

Drift of indicators is periodic changes in scanned parameters caused by the influence of the external environment. For example, daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity.

The operating principle of an addressable analogue detector, regardless of the type of parameter being monitored, is as follows.

1. A sensitive sensor measures the value of the controlled parameter, generates pulses in electrical form and transmits them to an analog-to-digital converter, which is located in the fire detector controller.
2. The ADC converts the electrical pulse into a digital signal.
3. Digitized data is transferred to RAM. The frequency of measurements is controlled by a quartz oscillator. Transfer of accumulated information from RAM is carried out at the request of the control panel.

The non-volatile memory of the fire detector stores its type programmed at the installation stage (heat, smoke, flame) and address (unique digital code).

Most addressable analogue detectors implement quite a wide range of functionality:

• self-diagnosis of the electronic unit;
• transmission of data of the current value of the measured parameter;
• interactive remote control device, etc.

The information signal and power distribution unit separates the electrical impulses arriving via the addressable analog loop, the modulated signals of transmitted information and the power supply from constant voltage without pulsation.

Modern addressable analogue detectors are implemented on a single microcontroller without the use of additional components other than a sensitive sensor.

ADDRESSED ANALOG DEVICES

The addressable analogue control panel is equipped with a device through which joint reception/transmission of information and power supply to fire detectors is carried out. The power transmitted through the loop is modulated by information signals and divided into remote device similar node.

Information about the value of the parameter controlled by the detector is analyzed by several microprograms depending on the underlying action algorithm. As a rule, this is done:

• comparison of threshold values;
• the rate of change of the parameter is controlled;
• A graph of changes over a certain period is built in RAM and compared with a template graph.

Most premium addressable analogue systems provide long-term control of parameters. Memorable average level values ​​for a long period time in order to compensate for the deviation of the boundary reference point as a result of changes in environmental conditions.

Modern addressable analogue systems support dozens of sections with parallel polling of fire detectors with a high degree of frequency. With a loop carrier frequency of 200 - 400 Hz, the operation of sequential polling of detectors takes 15 - 20 seconds.

ADDRESSED FIRE ALARM LINE

Addressable alarm systems can have both radial and ring loops. The latter are typical for addressable analog systems. The ring topology allows you to filter out unnecessary information and distinguish a case of fire from a break or other fault in the loop. The permissible cable length for this installation is up to 2000 m.

When choosing a cable for a loop, you need to pay attention to the following indicators:

Wire section.

An insufficient value of this parameter will lead to distortion of detector readings, reducing the accuracy and reliability of the entire system. In some cases, this may lead to the failure of some detectors during periods of peak load on the loop. Regulatory documents The diameter of the fire line wire must be at least 0.5 mm.

Cable protection degree- the wire must have a non-flammable sheath and the required level of thermal insulation.

The main parameters of the cable must be indicated on its outer surface (insulation). These include:

• presence of shielding (foil, metal braid);
• flammability index and smoke coefficient;
• fire resistance limit.

Requirements for laying cables are determined by the relevant regulations, in particular - SP 6.13130.2009.

ADVANTAGES OF ADDRESSED ANALOG SIGNALING

Despite the fact that addressable analogue fire alarm is one of the most expensive, its use is justified due to numerous technical and operational advantages.

1. If in various rooms objects equipped with alarms temperature regime It has significant differences, there is no need to purchase several models of heat detectors with different fixed response thresholds or maximum differential detection methods.

2. All settings of limit values ​​are carried out in the receiving and control device. In addition, in case of any changes, reconfiguration fire protection system will not require the purchase of new equipment.

3. Addressable analogue fire detectors do not require frequent preventative cleaning. They can operate in extremely dusty conditions, automatically and programmatically compensating for a decrease in sensor sensitivity.

4. There is no need to purchase combined multi-sensor fire detectors for fire alarm systems with high fire resistance requirements external influences not related to fire. The PKP will carry out a multi-component analysis of incoming information using accumulated statistics.

5. The speed of identifying the source of fire is several times higher than that of conventional threshold systems, due to the parallel use of several information processing algorithms, as well as the absence of pauses in polling sensors and monitoring room parameters.

Due to the fact that analog-addressable control panel microcontrollers are multitasking, the launch speed of fire automatic systems increases significantly:

• fire extinguishing;
• warnings and evacuation;
• smoke removal.

* * *

© 2014-2020 All rights reserved.
The materials on the site are for informational purposes only and cannot be used as guidelines or normative documents.

Fire alarm systems are usually divided into non-addressable, addressable and addressable-analogue. Unfortunately, even in the latest GOST R 53325–20121, which comes into force in 2014, the term “analog addressable” is absent, despite the fact that analog addressable systems provide the highest level of fire protection and are required, for example, for installation in multifunctional high-rise buildings and complex buildings in Moscow. According to MGSN 4.19–20052, “high-rise buildings must be equipped automatic system fire alarm (AFS) based on addressable and addressable-analog technical means", "it is allowed to use a ring communication line with branches to each room (apartment), with automatic protection against short circuits in the branch" and "ALS elements must provide automatic self-testing of performance" In addition, “actuating mechanisms and smoke protection devices must provide the required level of operational reliability, determined by the probability of failure-free operation of at least 0.999 Difficulty of evacuation.” large number people from high-rise buildings, shopping and entertainment centers and other large objects, along with the rapid spread of gaseous combustion products and the difficulty of extinguishing the outbreak, require the earliest possible detection of the outbreak in the absence of false alarms. It is addressable analog systems that most fully meet these requirements.

Non-addressable systems

The main disadvantages of non-addressable systems are the instability of detector sensitivity, lack of performance monitoring and high level false alarms.

The futile fight against fakes and refusals
Practice has shown that primitive methods for eliminating these shortcomings, introduced 10 years ago, increasing the number of fire detectors to back up faulty ones and confirming the “Fire” signal with several detectors with status re-queries to eliminate false alarms, are not a solution to the problem. There was a case when half of the loops with re-request and with the formation of a fire by two detectors switched to the “Fire” mode in a new, just installed non-addressed fire alarm in just two days. Fire detectors of the same type in the same loop are subject to approximately the same interference effects and false alarms at the same time. Over time, detectors assembled on the same element base and produced on the same production line show a correlation in failures and a significant decrease in sensitivity. The process of loss of sensitivity occurs with all detectors simultaneously, and their redundancy is completely ineffective.

There may be other factors that affect the performance of all detectors at the same time, for example, contact failure due to oxidation of the terminals of electronic elements due to poor soldering, corrosion of contacts in sockets, reduction in the capacity of electrolytic capacitors, etc. To this must be added the lack of sensitivity control during operation, as well as the lack of data on the factory setting of the sensitivity of fire detectors and the limits of its adjustment by installers to protect against false alarms.

Misconceptions about smoke detectors
It is a common misconception that a smoke detector by definition provides early fire detection, no matter how sensitive it is and no matter how far from the fire it is located. Installers uncontrollably coarse sensitivity by using a potentiometer in the detector to reduce false alarms, which is completely unacceptable. IN Lately There has been a tendency for detectors placed at standard distances, initially included in single-threshold loops with the activation of the “Fire” signal for one detector according to the “OR” logic, to switch to the “AND” logic. In this case, each detector protects only its standard area, and adequate detection of a source by two detectors simultaneously is ensured only at the border of the zones between them. Accordingly, even with acceptable level sensitivity, the probability of detecting a small fire with the formation of a “Fire” signal is practically zero.

In addition, domestic smoke detectors do not pass tests on test fires: TP-2 “Smoldering wood”, TP-3 “Smoldering cotton with glow”, TP-4 “Combustion of polyurethane foam” and TP-5 “Combustion of n-heptane”, although they are given in GOST R 53325. And currently smoke detectors are produced with high aerodynamic resistance of the smoke outlet with very problematic detection of smoldering fires with low air flow velocities.

Disadvantages of threshold detectors
The main disadvantage of threshold fire detectors is the lack of accuracy in determining a fire hazardous situation; in other words, it is not known when it is activated. False alarms are possible, or they may only trigger when there is significant smoke, not to mention uncontrolled failure.

The sensitivity of threshold detectors can vary significantly, and at what concentration of smoke they are activated is impossible to predict. During certification tests in accordance with the requirements of GOST R 53325 "Optical-electronic fire smoke detectors", it is allowed to change the sensitivity of the fire threshold smoke detector within wide limits:

• the sensitivity of the same detector with 6 measurements is 1.6 times;
• when changing orientation to the direction of air flow - 1.6 times;
• when the air flow speed changes - 0.625–1.6 times;
• from instance to instance – within 0.75–1.5 of the average value (2 times);
• when exposed to external illumination – 1.6 times;
• when the supply voltage changes - 1.6 times;
• when exposed to elevated temperature – 1.6 times;
• when exposed to low temperatures – 1.6 times;
• after exposure high humidity– 1.6 times, etc.

Changing sensitivity
Although smoke detector sensitivity should remain between 0.05 and 0.2 dB/m in each test, when multiple factors are applied simultaneously, the change in detector sensitivity can be more than fourfold. In addition, during operation, a significant change in the sensitivity of the detector occurs due to the accumulation of dust or dirt on the walls of the smoke chamber and on the optical elements, due to aging of electronic components, etc.

IN technical specifications Almost all Russian smoke fire detectors do not indicate a specific sensitivity value, but only the permissible sensitivity range from 0.05 to 0.2 dB/m is given, which does not allow even a rough estimate of their sensitivity. If such a threshold fire detector is circuit-technically converted into an addressable analog detector, then no advantages will be obtained. The low accuracy of optical density measurement will not allow you to adjust the sensitivity and set the pre-alarm threshold. The analog value of the controlled factor transmitted to the control device will vary greatly from external influences, which will not allow reliable control of either the state of the object or the state of the detector, that is, as in the threshold system, false alarms and omissions will be possible initial stage fire. Moreover, if it is technically possible to adjust the sensitivity of the detector, then it must be tested at least at maximum and minimum sensitivity.

Addressable threshold systems

Addressable systems provide identification of a triggered detector, which significantly reduces the time it takes for personnel to check the signal. In addition, addressable detectors usually include an automatic performance monitoring function. However, other disadvantages of threshold detectors remain unchanged compared to non-addressable systems.

Analogue addressable systems

Unlike non-addressable and addressable in analogue addressable systems, fire detectors do not generate “Fire” signals, but are precise meters of controlled factors, the values ​​of which are transmitted to the analogue addressable panel. It is precisely this understanding of analogue that is defined in GOST R 53325, clause 3.8: an analog fire detector is “an automatic IP that ensures the transmission of information about the current value of the controlled fire factor to the control panel.” In contrast to the analogue detector according to clause 3.19, a threshold fire detector is “an automatic PI that generates an alarm when the controlled fire factor reaches or exceeds the set threshold.”

Advantages of first solutions
The first analog addressable panels essentially operated in threshold mode with limited information processing capabilities. Detectors measuring the levels of several fire factors transmitted to the panel only one “collapsed” analog value, which, in fact, was compared in the panel with the pre-alarm thresholds and the “Fire” threshold. This often caused criticism from supporters of addressable threshold systems that moving the threshold from the detector to the panel does not provide any advantages, except for making the systems more complex and expensive. However, it should be noted that even then it was possible to adjust the sensitivity for each detector, which required an order of magnitude higher stability and accuracy of measurement of the controlled factor.

Another undoubted advantage of addressable analogue systems is the significantly more accurate constant monitoring of the status of addressable analogue fire detectors compared to addressable detectors, which themselves generate a “Fault” signal uncontrolled.

Unlimited possibilities of modern systems
Currently, the possibilities for processing information in an analogue addressable panel are practically unlimited. 32-bit processors are already in use, and the panel is essentially a powerful dedicated computing machine. Adaptation, interactive algorithms for each room, automatic training of the system, use of recognition theory while simultaneously analyzing various factors, etc. are possible. The addressable analogue system generates preliminary signals about a suspected fire situation long before the threshold sensor is triggered. If threshold systems analyze the level of a controlled factor after exceeding a threshold, for example, by counting the number of signals above the threshold, then in analog systems the situation is analyzed constantly in real time. There is no time spent rechecking the detector status, since the addressable analog panel analyzes changes in controlled factors and rechecking is carried out at almost every detector polling period, every 5 s.

For ease of maintenance, the value of controlled factors is displayed on the panel display in standard units and in discretes.

For example, in Fig. Figure 1 shows analog values ​​for temperature 27 °C (085), optical density 5.5%/m (184) and concentration carbon monoxide CO 102 ppm (255) when the detector is exposed to products from the smoldering wick (Fig. 2).

The advantages of addressable analogue systems are obvious. It becomes possible to detect a fire hazardous situation and stop its development at early stage on a pre-alarm signal, when evacuation of people is not yet required. Both direct material damage and losses associated with the evacuation of people, interruption of the production process and professional fire extinguishing are minimized. There are wide possibilities for adaptation to operating conditions and interference effects when using multi-sensor detectors in various modes with a choice of sensitivity and split modes with their automatic switching during working and non-working hours and days

Today, neither the standards nor the calculation of fire risk take into account the speed of fire detection, despite the fact that non-addressable, addressable and addressable analogue systems provide different levels fire protection. This provision is a significant limitation in the use of more effective fire fighting equipment.

There are devices that are an integral part of the overall fire protection system and that play a big role in preserving the life and health of people, as well as property and other valuables. Such equipment includes fire detectors, the main task of which is to respond in time to the start of a fire and warn people in the building about it, as well as transmit the relevant information to the control point.

The concept of “analog fire detectors” and the principle of operation

In order to fully define what this concept includes, it is necessary to understand what an “addressable analog system” is. This concept is sometimes difficult for designers to understand, not to mention ordinary people. The analog addressable fire safety system is a telemetric device that is highly reliable and quickly recognizes the presence of a fire and its source. All this happens by analyzing parameters that constantly change when a fire starts.

The operating principle of such a system is quite simple. Thanks to the sensitive element, the detector transmits readings related to the chemical or physical changes occurring at the location of its installation to the fire alarm control panel. This device is able to process the information it has on its own, and if the indicators match the patterns stored in memory, it provides information about the start of a fire.

Structural elements of the system

In appearance, addressable analogue detectors have a housing round shape, for the manufacture of which heat-resistant plastic is used. The body itself consists of:

1. grounds;
2. working part.

The base of the device is attached to the ceiling with screws and dowels. The base has a terminal block to which the fire alarm loop lines are connected. The sensor is attached in such a way that it can be conveniently removed for maintenance (cleaned of dust) or, if it is unsuitable for further use, replaced with a functional one.

Components of the working part of the detector

There are only two such parts:

1. microcontroller with volatile memory;
2. optical system (smoke chamber).

LEDs and photodiodes are the constituent elements of the optical system. They are located in the inside of the chamber at a slight angle. A semiconductor type photodetector is an analog device. Its resistance indicator is influenced by the level of illumination. Addressable analogue fire detectors send an optical indicator of air density to the control panels online. The photodiode element is so sensitive that even the slightest smoke will be detected.

Detector housing

This component has a horizontal chimney with certain design features:

1. the air flow does not flow around its lower protruding part;
2. thanks to the vertical mounting posts, there is no possibility of horizontal flow around the body;
3. The main task of the housing elements is to direct the air flow into the chamber.

This design allows air to constantly enter the smoke chamber, even if the movement of air masses is minimal. So that electromagnetic vibrations do not interfere proper operation devices, the camera is equipped with a screen.

Detector controller

This component is necessary in order to respond to the smallest changes in the light flux. It is so sensitive that it can instantly detect minute particles of smoke in the atmosphere. To avoid false alarms, addressable analogue sensors work interactively with the control panel. This helps to determine the start of a fire with almost 100% probability and notify about it through an alarm signal.

Operating principle of an analog siren

Regardless of what controlled parameters the device has, it operates according to the following principle:

1. a sensitive sensor device constantly determines the value of the monitored indicator, generates electrical impulses, which are subsequently transmitted to an analog-to-digital converter, which is integral part controller in a fire detector;
2. through the ADC, the electrical pulse is converted into a digital signal;
3. digitized parameters are sent to RAM. A quartz generator monitors how often measurements are taken. Afterwards, all the information accumulated over a certain period from the RAM is transferred to the control panel. Then the RAM is cleared. This procedure is carried out if there is a request from the control panel.

From the very beginning of installation of the fire detector, the volatile memory is programmed for a specific type (flame, smoke, temperature increase) or address (represents a digital code of a unique type). Functional characteristics All addressable analogue detectors are quite diverse and include:

1. the ability to independently diagnose an electronic unit;
2. transmitting abilities of the current values ​​of the parameters that are usually measured;
3. the ability to control the device interactively and remotely.

Modern models of addressable analogue detectors are sold without any additional structural elements, but with only one microcontroller. The device must have a sensitive sensor.

Types of analogue detectors

Addressable analogue smoke detectors, based on the way they recognize particles of soot, burning, soot in air masses, aerosols that appear as a result of the ignition of various types of fire load, are divided into the following groups:

1. linear and point smoke detectors optical-electronic plan. These are the most common types of detectors smoke type, which work on the basis of measuring the density (from an optical point of view) of air masses in a certain area, both small and large. If smoke is detected, even if it is insignificant, they come into working condition, generate and transmit an alarm signal when the density decreases to a set critical level;
2. fire detectors of electroinduction or ionization-radioisotope type. They have significantly greater sensitivity compared to the previous version of detectors. They begin to react even with the most insignificant changes in the density of air masses at the facilities where they are installed. In terms of their sensitivity, they can only be compared with aspiration or gas fire alarms. But due to the fact that they have very complex design, radioisotope models can emit radioactive elements, their cost is quite high, and they are used much less frequently than optical-electronic sensors.

Advantages of analog fire detectors

It is worth noting that analog fire systems are quite expensive. But their use has many positive aspects, such as:

1. if the protected object consists of several rooms in which there may be different temperature conditions, then there is no need to purchase models with various characteristics;
2. all limit values ​​are set in the control panel. If there is a need to change any device parameters, purchase new technology not necessary;
3. Preventative cleaning of such devices does not occur often. They are able to function even in very dusty rooms;
4. There is no need to spend money on expensive combined multi-sensor fire alarms for installation in rooms with a high degree of fire hazard, which may not be related to the fire process. The PKP has a real opportunity to conduct a multi-component analysis of accumulated information in a static change;
5. instant recognition of the source of ignition due to the ability to comprehensively analyze the information received.

Since all analog-addressable microcontrollers are of the multitasking type, this has a direct impact on the response speed (it is quite fast) of automatic fire smoke removal, fire extinguishing, evacuation and warning systems.