Which laser level is better to buy - comparison of different types and review of the best models. Which laser level is better to buy - comparison of different types and review of the best models Point laser

It is possible to create a homemade building level, when creating lighting effects when decorating a home disco, for an additional rear signal for cars, motorcycles, bicycles, etc.

A laser diode is a semiconductor crystal made in the form of a thin rectangular plate. The beam passes through a collecting lens and presents thin line, when intersecting with the surface we see a point. To get visible line you can install a cylindrical lens in front of the laser beam. The refracted ray will look like a fan.

I made it from a 5mW laser, 3V supply voltage from AliExpress. Despite the low power of the laser emitter, it is necessary to observe basic safety precautions not to direct the beam into the eyes.

Watch the entire manufacturing process in the video:

List of tools and materials
-laser emitter 5mW, 3V (link to laser)
-screwdriver; scissors;
- soldering iron;
-cambric; foil textolite;
- two 1.5V batteries;
- connecting wires; battery compartment housing with headlamp power button;
-5 Ohm resistor;
-LED with a transparent bulb;
- strip of tin.

Step one. Making a laser board.

A diamond cup is a spherical cup equipped with grinding segments on the working surface, the structure of which contains synthetic diamonds. It is used for final processing stone, concrete, brick and other materials and allows you to eliminate defects, smooth out seams, remove sagging from pouring and generally give the surface a neat and finished look.

For large volumes of cutting stone, asphalt, concrete and other materials, a diamond blade is ideal option: during operation it does not grind down, leaving the diameter and cutting depth the same, while linear speed rotation also remains unchanged.

Many people mistakenly believe that the main indicator of the quality of a vibrating plate is the depth of soil compaction. In fact, this value is very variable and depends on several variables: the size of the gravel particles, the type of soil and humidity. To understand how to choose the right vibrating plate, you need to consider four factors.

Our online store for construction tools - a balance of quality and benefits

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Power tools for every task
and any possibilities

Professional power tools are simply indispensable for any construction and finishing work, providing increased productivity and significantly facilitating the work of workers. Light weight, high performance, excellent ergonomics, reliability, and long service life make the tools of this group a profitable purchase.

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— you can already get acquainted with these units, and something else is yet to come. We also considered it necessary to create several review articles on very pressing topics: how to choose a cordless tool, buying the right tool, power tools and safety, how to operate a power tool.

What is a laser tool? Where is it used? How does it work? How is it different functionally? How to choose the right one the desired model? About this right now.

Constructing buildings without using measuring instruments is nonsense. True, sometimes, when, before drawing up an estimate for repairs or reconstruction, you conduct a survey of the object, it seems that the Soviet “architects” were not familiar with either levels/theodolites, or plumb lines, or spirit levels. Okay, you can still find some justifications for state civil construction, but private houses - why is everything so bad there? “Old school” marriage makers complain about the lack of rack levels at that time, and when you talk to them about ancient craftsmen creating perfectly accurate designs using mathematical formulas And simple devices— they shrug their shoulders, or remember the Leaning Tower of Pisa. In general, our editing culture was successfully lost, now we are starting all over again.

Meanwhile, modern construction requires total control at literally all stages, from marking the foundation pit to gluing wallpaper and tiling work; now everyone dreams of their home being “smooth and beautiful.” SNiPs and GOSTs from the times of socialism clearly regulate the maximum permissible deviations from the norm; in fact, they are no worse than foreign standards and are quite applicable in current conditions. But you need to be able to fit into these requirements, or rather want to.

In the early nineties, we all decided that we wanted to live no worse than they did and began making European-quality renovations. The main measuring tool for general practitioners has become the rack and pinion bubble level. Some people still sculpt with their help, and some immediately abandoned this device (at first it was difficult to buy a high-quality device) due to large tolerances, instability of the factory settings, and a number of functional limitations. Seasoned finishers took up plumb lines and water levels in the form of transparent hoses (gravity has not yet deceived the poor builder). At one large facility, related guys come up to us and ask for a spirit level for a moment - “to check the laser level.” It was a Chinese-Polish rotary level with a lot of problems, but the potential of the device was clear to the naked eye.

Laser tool - what is it?

We are talking about a measuring instrument that uses an ultra-thin, perfectly straight laser beam as a marker. This light source is perfectly condensed, focused, split, directed, and recognized by auxiliary devices. The laser dot, even at a distance of several tens of meters, is clearly visible and does not differ in size from the diameter of the output hole in the device; at least their centers coincide. Using beam receivers, range laser tools expands to several hundred meters.

The idea of ​​a laser is not new; at the beginning of the twentieth century, Einstein gave impetus to this topic; in the middle of the last century, military superpowers began to actively study the laser issue, naturally, in absolute secret. Neutral states were slowly engaged in peaceful construction, and in the forties, the developers of the Swedish company Spectra Precision used (and patented) a laser for measuring work. In 1965, they also invented the first laser level, and in 1981, they equipped the plane builder with an LED.

In a modern laser instrument, a whole optical system. Inside a laser LED there are several semiconductors that, when exposed to current, generate photons (light particles). Streams of light, repeatedly reflected from the mirror surfaces of the semiconductor, are amplified and exit through a narrow transparent hole. Special lens system various shapes focuses light and converts it into a line or thin beam. The laser beam is projected on surfaces to obtain markings (planes, axes, perpendicular lines), or is reflected and captured, which allows distance measurements. The most important task facing the developers of a laser instrument is its automatic stabilization in the horizontal plane (not so important for rangefinders). The issue of self-leveling was resolved in 1974. For this, an independent design of the radiating unit is used, when it (thanks to a simple pendulum and a system of natural or electric magnets acting on it) automatically becomes parallel to the ground. By the way, now there are other options: device alignment can be done either manually (using a bubble - the electronics are rigidly fixed in the case) or fully automatically (servos + gyroscope).

What we get at the output:

• high projection/measurement accuracy with an error of tenths of a millimeter per meter;
• instead of a target mark (like traditional levels), we have a visually tangible line or point along which we can “in live» produce installation work, launch equipment, etc.;
• the device quickly gets ready for operation and can be used for instant monitoring as needed;
• all projection and calculation operations are performed automatically and very quickly, our task is only to unfold it on a more or less horizontal plane;
• the operator does not require special qualifications; the laser tool is successfully used by ordinary workers and even at home;
• all operations can be carried out by one person;
• The productivity of measuring and leveling work has increased by 40-50% compared to the use of conventional instruments.

A laser tool, in fact, is an improved analogue of the devices we are familiar with - levels, levels, theodolites, tape measures. What do they do with it? Yes, everything where vertical, horizontal or inclined markings are needed:

• erect/align/position walls and partitions
• supervise concrete and earthworks
• install piles and columns
• lay pipelines, sewers and tunnels
• install gravity drains and storm drains rafter systems
• pour screeds
• fixing ceilings
• set sewer slopes
• glue tiles and moldings
• attach the sheathing (everyone knows about the “accordion” effect of corrugated sheets or siding)
• hang furniture and heating radiators
• display frames and door/window blocks
• assemble the formwork
• calculate areas
• lay communications
• construct right angles
• model curved structures
• measure distances
• control construction equipment (the receiver is mounted directly on the machines)
• planning sites
• laying road surfaces and curb stones
• install fences

Laser measuring instruments quite diverse, there are many names, including colloquial ones. To avoid confusion, we will consider all devices according to the classification of a well-known bourgeois company:

1. Rangefinders (popularly: laser tape measures).
2. Builders (popularly: laser levels, laser levels):
   • static builders
     • line builders (crossliners, multi-prism builders)
     • axis builders (point lasers, pointers)
   • rotary builders planes (levels, monoprism builders)

Static line and plane builders

This laser devices, which are used for marking, usually indoors during construction, finishing and repair work, sometimes - on facades and for leveling small areas. Unlike rotary builders, which have a rotating part, crossliners produce constantly directed static lines. They are obtained by splitting a laser beam passing through special optical prisms. Due to conversion (controlled laser scattering), the beam remains visible at short distances - within 10-20 meters (rarely up to 40), here lies a certain operational limitation. But, using a receiver (this function is not always available), you can mark planes at a distance of up to 50-100 meters, which depends on the power of the LED and the design features of a particular builder. Thus, the X-Line Helper 2D crossliner has a range of up to 40/100 m, and the FL 40 pocket II HP has a range of up to 20/60 m (without a receiver/with a receiver).

X-Line Helper 2D

There can be several prisms, diodes, beams, and therefore lines, hence the name “multi-prism”. The most simple models(this is already a rarity) they give one, vertical or horizontal line. “Standard” devices show two lines intersecting at right angles (laser cross), for example Condtrol DeuX or BOSCH GLL 2 Professional. The most advanced static plotters produce several lines and several crosses, and also emit a point laser up (zenith) or down (nadir), that is, they have a plumb line function. For example, ADA 6D SERVOLINER (4V4H1D) builds 4 vertical lines and 4 horizontal, in addition, it gives a plumb point at the nadir.

An important indicator of a static line plotter is the ray scanning angle. The normal value is about 120°, the advanced version is 160 degrees or more. A solid scan level allows you to obtain additional intersections of lines (crosses), for example, when vertical lines go beyond the zenith point (the crosshair will be “over your head”). Several horizontal and vertical lines can even connect and close into a full plane (all 360° are illuminated). The CST/berger LL 20 SET builder shows one complete horizon, and the BOSCH GLL 3-80 P draws a record three complete planes (one horizontal and two perpendicular vertical), with one vertical passing directly through the “facade” of the device, which allows the plane to be plumbed in the immediate close to the base.

CST/berger LL 20 SET

To save power supply resources, lines that are not needed when performing a specific operation can be turned off (Makita SK102Z). Usually, they are turned off all except for the vertical beam going to the nadir (down).

Almost all modern crossliners have a pendulum or electronic self-leveling system (as an exception, the manually adjustable Geo-Fennel FL 30). The operator must approximately install the device horizontally (for this, the design has a regular bubble level), after which, using a pendulum compensator or position sensors with servomotors (Condtrol Cube model), the device is installed parallel to the ground in a few seconds. During operation, with minor deviations from the horizontal, the self-leveling mechanism adjusts the device, compensating for small movements and vibration. An important indicator is the extremely permissible angle compensation, so the Infiniter CL2 or Spectra Precision LG20 self-levels at deviation angles of up to 5°, but in general, many devices are content with an indicator of 3-3.5 degrees (VEGA LP90, Leica Lino L360).

If the deviation exceeds the permissible angle of automatic compensation, then the device necessarily lets the operator know about it so that he can manually correct the initial position - tighten the legs, find best place. Alerts when the self-leveling range is exceeded in different ways: a sound signal, blinking of the indicator on the case, flickering of the beam (Makita SK102Z), complete shutdown of the device or a combination (Kapro 895 - beeper and blinking of the beam).

If it is necessary to illuminate a line or plane at an angle, the compensator can be completely turned off and the device can be aligned at your discretion. This function allows you to protect the self-leveling mechanism during standby mode, during storage and transportation (Stabila LAX 200).

Large static builders have adjustable legs for initial setup and a swivel body. Those that are more compact are equipped with brackets for fixing the device on walls, clamps for fixing the crossliner on pipes, magnetic holders for installation on metal surfaces(BOSCH GLL 2-50). Each builder can be mounted on a tripod with a 1/4 mounting thread or on a professional surveying tripod with a 5/8 thread. All these devices significantly increase the functionality of the tool.

BOSCH GLL 2-50

Among the crossliners, special models can be distinguished: Spectra Precision DG711 tube laser, Geo-Fennel Square Liner II angle builder (laser square).

Axis builders (point lasers)

These are devices that belong to the class of static builders, since their design does not have a rotating emitter. Unlike crossliners, the laser does not build lines on the surfaces; here we only have dots indicating the direction. What does this give us? Due to the fact that the laser beam is not scattered through a prism, the point from it is visible at much greater distances than the line, especially in bright sunlight (STABILA LA-4P without receiver - 30 meters). That is why such devices are well suited for large premises (shopping floors, floors office buildings, production workshops) or for open spaces. Technically, point levels are not very different from crossliners; they have all the available bells and whistles:

• small error (1-3 mm per 10 meters)
• self-leveling mechanism (Geo-Fennel Multi-Pointer slope compensation up to 5°)
• indication of exceeding the capacity of the compensator, “out of level” position (Leica Lino P3)
• disabling self-leveling (for example, to mount stair railings)
• possibility of fixing on various surfaces
• use of targets and receivers

Leica Lino P3

Axis builders typically emit three (up/down/forward - Spectra Precision LP30) or five beams (forward/right/left/down/up - Bosch GPL5C). Naturally, all points are projected from the device strictly perpendicular to each other. Point lasers are used to transfer vertical projections between floors, to determine the directions of partitions, frames, formworks, for the construction of walls, to transfer markings from the floor to the ceiling...

Because such devices always have beams pointing up and down, they are often called laser plummets, although this is only one of the functions. If we place the plotter on the floor, we get only the zenith, but if we raise the device on a tripod, we get both the nadir and can transfer the markings to the ceiling. Some models do not require a special tripod for this, since the emitter is moved forward and raised (Bosch GPL5C).

Bosch GPL5C

A separate item can be mentioned “almost traditional” laser levels, where the rod with a bubble is complemented by laser emitters that visually lengthen the measurement line (Geo-Fennel EL 168). Simple laser markers include point angle builders. And, of course, there are crossliner/dot plotter combination devices, such as the Spectra Precision 5.2XL or Condtrol XLiner Combo.

Rotational plane builders

These devices are designed to determine directions when construction work, for marking, and, especially, for finding the height difference between points. A laser level, unlike a line plotter, does not scatter the beam, but forms a vertical or horizontal plane by rotating the light beam - the point pulsates over the surfaces. Essentially, it is a dot pointer in which the laser rotates around its axis. Thanks to this solution (plus increased laser power), the developers have achieved a long range of the device, which allows it to be successfully used for leveling work in large open areas. The leveling use of rotary builders is considered the most justified (after all, they are several times more expensive than static builders), however, they can easily work indoors and during construction load-bearing structures. In addition, such a tool can produce a beam going to the zenith (a laser plummet for transferring markings to the ceiling), for example, the Spectra Precision HV101 model.

Spectra Precision HV101

Without additional devices, the operating range of a rotating laser is on average about 50-70 meters, while with a receiver this distance increases to 300-400 meters (CST/berger ALH - 425 m). The receiver catches the beam at open area and signals this, after which you can use the scale of the geodetic rod. It helps to work at long distances when a person cannot see the projection of the beam due to the distance, strong sunlight, dust, heavy precipitation. The receiver usually comes standard; in any case, the rotation builder is designed to use it.

Majority laser levels have the ability to stepwise adjust the rotation speed of the emitting head (from 10 to 600 rpm), which significantly expands the functionality of the device, but also saves the resource of the power source.

There are rotary plotters that show only the horizontal plane, and there are those that can be mounted on a tripod in different ways and automatically align vertically or horizontally. The most advanced machines help create inclined planes. Here either the compensators are completely turned off, or one of the axes is controlled by the device, and the other is set manually.

Some manufacturers equip their instrument with a remote control remote control(Bosch GRL 300 HV), which contains a full set of buttons available on the body of the level. Therefore, all available manipulations can be performed at a distance, even from the cabin of an excavator or grader.

Bosch GRL 300 HV

Naturally, rotary levels have an “out of level” function, which does not allow making erroneous markings if a serious deviation from the norm occurs. Compensators cope with angles not exceeding 5-6 degrees. The self-leveling device is switched off during transportation and storage.

We've dealt with common features and the purpose of different classes of laser tools, now let’s take a look at some “little things” that can limit the functionality of products.

Projection error. If we are not talking about a frankly disposable instrument without a name, then this mark will be within 0.5-3 mm at 10 meters. Expensive devices intended for professional use, such as rotary plotters (CST/berger ALHV, Geo-Fennel FL 260VA), can boast a minimum indicator (up to 1 millimeter). When purchasing, this point (accuracy) should definitely be checked in practice.

Geo-Fennel FL 260VA

Range(visible and scanned range) is usually underestimated by renowned manufacturers - in reality everything is better than in the passport data. Please note that different companies indicate sizes differently. working area(For rotary levels), some talk about the diameter and write 600 meters, others declare the radius and write the number “300”. Take a look at whether the device is adapted to work with a receiver (relevant for static builders); it would be good if such a possibility is at least optional.

Laser characteristics- an indicator that directly affects the range of the device. Here we look at its power, class and wavelength. The standard option is a wavelength of 635 nM (red beam with a yellowish tint). Outdated technology - 650 nM. Best performance brightness/visibility/comfort/visual range of a green beam with a wavelength of 532 nM (Spectra Precision HV301G, Geo-Fennel FL 200 and others).

Features of compensation (self-leveling). The limit of automation is an angle of 5-6°, and the minimum within 3 degrees is less practical option. It is very important here that the compensator is quickly set up (compare this time - it is usually indicated in the passports) and can be turned off (for working with slopes and storage/transportation).

Continuous operation time. Much depends on the type of power source. Static builders are supplied with ordinary AA batteries or rechargeable batteries and operate for more than 10 hours. Very useful feature To save battery power, turn off unnecessary lines. Rotary devices require much more energy, so not only alkaline D-batteries are used here, but also NiCd or NiMh batteries (pay attention to capacity and speed charger). Their continuous operation time reaches 25-40 hours (Leica Roteo 35G). The Topcon RL-H4C builder lasts 100 hours on one set. And the Bosch GRL 300 HV Professional level can even work from the network. An undoubted advantage of the model will be the presence of a low charge indication (Spectra Precision LL500).

Topcon RL-H4C

Operating temperature limitation. Agree, it’s not very good if we can’t use the device when the temperature is below zero or above 30. Reputable professional models of levels operate in the range from -20 to +50 degrees (Stabila LAR200, Spectra Precision LL300-14EU). When deciding on this indicator, please note that manufacturers also indicate the permissible storage temperature - there the range may be wider than the operating temperature.

The degree of protection of the housing. As a rule, the user manual contains corresponding markings. The standard IP54 option will allow you to work in very dusty areas and even in pouring rain. Some developers have achieved more serious success: IP65, IP67 (CST/berger ALHV). An important point is to protect the tool from damage when dropped; damper pads and competent ergonomics of the product help a lot here. high quality materials. A number of manufacturers “allow” their builders to be dropped from a height of 1 meter or 1.5 meters if they are fixed on a tripod (Spectra Precision).

CST/berger ALHV

Equipment. Manufacturers offer many useful features in the basic package, but some things, of course, have to be purchased separately. Let’s just list what a “gentleman’s set” might consist of, and you can figure out what’s needed and what’s not. So:

• hard case/bag
• “red” glasses for laser work (help you see the beam)
• flat targets
• remote control
• radiation receiver
• wall/ceiling/magnetic/bracket mount
• geodetic rod
• tripod
• set of batteries and accumulators, charger

Everyone who has had experience working with modern laser plotters notes only positive aspects; indeed, this tool is practically free of drawbacks. Even the relatively high cost of such a tool quickly pays for itself thanks to the high productivity of marking and leveling work. Well, and, of course, we remember quality, which, as we know, is priceless.

Turishchev Anton, rmnt.ru