Do-it-yourself wood milling copier. Do-it-yourself copying and milling machine for wood

Very often there is a need to make an exact copy of a certain part from various materials. In production conditions, a special copying machine on wood and metal. This type of device is very easy to make yourself using simple materials. The advantage of such a copy-milling machine is its high productivity. If you do everything correctly in a short period of time, you can get a lot of high-quality parts that will be no different from the original sample.

General description of the equipment

The purpose of wood copying and milling machines is to process various parts both in volume and in plane. Their operating principle is somewhat similar to units with. If wood samples are processed, then using milling machines of this type the following can be achieved:

• reproduce any ornaments;
• apply the desired inscription to the surface of the workpiece;
• engrave shaped profiles;
• obtain complex volumetric workpieces with multiple small parts that are placed in different planes.

A milling and copying unit that works with wooden parts is most often used for furniture production. It helps to create all the necessary decorative elements, which is difficult to achieve in any other way.

Features of the unit

A milling machine for metal or wood works using the following rules:

• The cutting element in this type of equipment is a milling cutter. It creates the desired contour or volumetric elements in accordance with the established software specifications;
• There is another connecting element between the cutting element and the tracking device. This is a supply and control system, which can be mechanical (used in the simplest units that process wood), hydraulic or pneumatic;
• As a copier, a specially created template, outline drawing or a ready-made part is mainly used. CNC copy-milling machines do not require such samples, so they are considered universal. These units operate thanks to numerical commands that are specified by the user through a special interface.
• templates can be blanks made from any materials - wood, metal, plastic, etc.

Types of milling machines with copying function

Copying machines can have different drives. On this basis, this equipment is divided into:

• units where a pantograph is present. Allows you to copy at the desired scale. The equipment where the pantograph is installed can process parts in several directions. The design of this unit also includes an axis of rotation. The pantograph provides the required scale of processing due to a certain ratio of distances between these elements;
• copiers that are equipped with a working mechanism mounted on a rotary rack;
• devices with single or multiple spindles that have rotary tables of various sizes and shapes;
• units with different scheme feed – mechanical, hydraulic, electric;
• photocopying installations.

Depending on the degree of automation of all operations and the method of fixation, this equipment can be:

• desktop, where the workpiece is secured mechanically;
• stationary, where parts are fixed using pneumatic clamps;
• stationary with and three-spindle head.

Do-it-yourself copying machine for a router

Homemade machine design

A DIY wood milling machine will consist of the following structural elements:

• work surface that fits in size;
• a supporting frame that will ensure the stability of the unit during operation;
• unit required for installing cutters.

When making this homemade product, you need to take into account that the milling head used must be equipped with a transmission mechanism, which must have an electric motor. This will provide the unit with several operating modes at different speeds.

A homemade copying machine does not have precise control, which leads to a decrease in the quality of parts made with its help. All the shortcomings are especially pronounced when changing the direction of the cutter or during active work unit, which is accompanied by vibration in the entire plane of the structure. It is almost impossible to eliminate these defects. Therefore, it is recommended to create narrow-profile units that are aimed at processing only certain parts.

Also, during the manufacture of a homemade copying machine, you should pay attention to the weight and dimensions of the parts being processed. The larger they are, the more massive the supporting frame of the equipment should be. This will absorb all the resulting vibrations and provide a sufficient margin of safety, which will make the machine you created with your own hands durable and reliable.

To ensure high quality processing of wood parts, care should be taken to ensure sufficient engine power. If it is 150-220 W, then ensuring the required rotation speed of the cutter will not be difficult.

It is also necessary to remember that the assembly that connects the cutter to the copying probe must be strong and reliable. It is very important that their plane and the surface of the desktop completely coincide. As a result, the created structure is rigidly installed on the supporting frame. It should also move freely along the working surface in all necessary directions.

Using these tips, it is very easy to create a copying machine yourself. But we should not forget that its scope is limited. If parts need to be processed different types and size, it is better to purchase universal equipment that is manufactured in a factory.

Video: Do-it-yourself copying machine

Making a simple copying machine with your own hands at first glance seems like an easy task. There are many photos of finished structures on the Internet that impress with their originality and ease of manufacture. Many people are eager to do something like this. But when the homemade copying machine is assembled, it turns out that not everything is so smooth.

Copying machines come with milling and turning. In terms of prevalence, the first place is occupied by milling and copying machines. They are more functional and allow you to get not only round copies, but also free-form copies. They will be discussed in this article.

The biggest problem with a home-assembled milling and copying machine is backlash and vibration. Many home craftsmen complain that when copying a sample, the resulting product has many inconsistencies and flaws that appeared when changing the direction of the molding cutter and shaking supporting structure. In addition, they add the troubles of bending and bending of the workpiece associated with increasing internal tension due to wood sampling. Therefore, when making a copying machine, it is impossible to immediately avoid all the shortcomings. As a rule, after assembly it is necessary to bring the structure to acceptable parameters for some time.

In any case, it is better to make a homemade copying machine not universal, but narrow-profile, that is, optimized for the manufacture of specific products that you need. For example, to effectively produce a wooden part of a gun, a propeller screw, and three-dimensional text, different technical solutions, and if they are combined in one machine, then there may be side effects, which will be difficult to fix. Therefore, it is more practical to assemble machines for a specific task. This approach will avoid many difficulties and unjustified costs.

The size of the machine is also an important factor. The larger the workpiece you plan to process, the more massive the structure should be. Vibrations transmitted from the cutter drive must be absorbed by the mass of the machine's supporting structure. And the guide axles must not only withstand the load, but also have a margin of safety so that they do not bend. When independently designing a milling and copying machine, the optimal parameters for the smooth running of the cutter are selected experimentally.

The principle of operation of a milling and copying machine is as follows: a milling cutter for sampling wood and a probe are installed on a movable frame, which is used to guide the original. The frame lowers to wooden blank, and the milling cutter removes excess wood. The whole point of the design is to ensure simultaneous movement of the cutter and probe in three planes, as well as rotation around the transverse axis. For this purpose, metal guides or wooden hinge systems are used. Wood absorbs vibrations better, is easier to process and has a lower cost. The video at the bottom of the page shows a homemade copying machine for creating flat-relief images and three-dimensional inscriptions with in a non-standard way movement in space. Moreover, this design provides for a twofold reduction in scale. You can download the drawings of the milling and copying machine in one archive at the bottom of the page.

Now making a copy of, for example, a three-dimensional inscription will not be difficult. You can also make a template for creating 3D text yourself. To do this you will need a printed sketch, a couple of cardboard sheets, glue and a stationery knife. We glue the sheet with the sketch and the cardboard together so that the paper does not wrinkle. After drying, use the edge of a stationery knife to carefully cut out the letters exactly according to the sketch. A template height of 2 mm is usually enough to prevent the probe from slipping.

Download the copying machine diagram

New entries:

Copy-milling machine “Duplicarver”

Copy- milling machine“Duplicarver” is intended for wood carving, copying sculptures and flat-relief products.

Today it has no analogues on the Russian market in terms of price-quality parameters, and has received wide recognition among professionals and those who are just beginning to master carving.

The machines comply with the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 010/2011 “On the safety of machinery and equipment” and have a declaration of conformity registered with the Federal Accreditation Service (Rosaccreditation) under the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation.

Registration number of the declaration of conformity: EAEU N RU D-RU.AB93.V.06056

Our company produces three models of machines.

Duplicarver-1 and Duplicarver-2 allow you to perform two types of threads.

• Volumetric or sculptural carving.

  The main type of carving performed on these machines. You will be able to make copies of various sculptures, both simple and complex.

• Flat relief carving. These can be various door panels, panels and other products with a relatively shallow pattern depth. At the same time, the dimensions of the products are limited only by width, and their length can be any, within reasonable limits, of course.

Duplicarver-3 retained all the capabilities of Duplicarver-2 and acquired completely new ones.

Now it is possible to produce long volumetric threads.

• Long volumetric thread.

  Do-it-yourself copy milling machine for wood

  The most common carving objects are gun butts, table legs, stair railings, long lamps, tall figurines and any other objects that are sized to fit the working capabilities of the machine.

The working tool of the machine is a high-quality milling cutter produced in Germany. The control system allows you to smoothly change the rotation speed of the cutter from 10,000 to 30,000 rpm.

The machine works very reliably and accurately. You can master the techniques of working with it quite quickly, within a few days. The machine gives real pleasure from the results of its work. The payback period for the machine is one month. Start browsing our website with a photo gallery of works, watch video clips, and you will get an idea of ​​​​the capabilities of the Duplicarver copy-milling machine.

A wood copying and milling machine is a universal equipment designed for copying products in two- and three-dimensional formats. This unit can copy a finished two-dimensional product, as well as using special copiers and three-dimensional models.

In addition, the technique is often used to engrave profiles and a wide variety of decorative elements. You can also “entrust” simple traditional milling work to a copy-milling machine for wood, which it can handle on a par with traditional milling machines.

This technique is inherently unique, since with its rather primitive device it is able to copy enough complex designs, including very thin handmade.

Such machines can be found at a variety of enterprises, including large industrial facilities with large-scale production.

The copy-milling unit specializes in milling curved parts.

This is done by copying a template.

Do-it-yourself copying and milling machine for wood

It is the templates that make it possible to make the process as accurate as possible, eliminating manual work and, accordingly, the human factor. This feature of the technology guarantees that the resulting parts will be identical and their shape will be the same.

In this case, the master can use either one template for all parts, or use already manufactured parts as a template.

In fact, every part produced on such equipment can act as a sample, which confirms the amazing accuracy of the technology.

If this is not enough for you, you can improve the accuracy of your machine.

To do this, you should equip it with a special copying device. It is called a pantograph and is designed to transmit extremely accurately the movement of the copy head to the main device processing the workpiece. If the template has many “fine” details, it makes sense to select a copy-milling machine for wood, which has a pantograph as an option.

Design Features

This unit allows you to process profiles or relief.

Processing is carried out with a special tool made of hard alloys. It's about about cutters. The cutter completely repeats the movements of the copier - a device that reproduces the contours of the template. This master device is equipped with a mechanical or other connection with a tracking system responsible for the trajectory of the tool.

What can perform the functions of a copier for such a machine?

This can be a three-dimensional or flat sample, an outline drawing or a reference model. A special probe actually traces the contours of the workpiece, which are transferred to the tool. In some modern units, instead of a probe, a photocell can be used, which is characterized by increased accuracy.

The pantograph is an important element of a wood copying and milling machine.

Its design includes a special guide pin. It moves along the copier, accurately capturing any geometric features of the figure. In this case, the proportions of the pantograph arms determine the relative size of the final result.

Classification of copy milling machines

Today it is possible to divide all the machines on the market according to many parameters.

The following units can be distinguished by drive type:

• Copying machines with two- or three-dimensional pantograph;
• A universal unit located on a rotating arm;
• Equipment equipped with a round or rectangular table;
• Copiers with electric, hydraulic or mechanical feed.
• Photocopying units.

There are also such units that differ from each other in their level of automation:

• Manual desktop type machine with mechanical clamp.
• Automatic copy-milling machine equipped with pneumatic clamp.
• Stationary automated machine with pneumatic clamp and three-spindle attachment.

conclusions

Copy-milling machines occupy a place of honor in the woodworking industry.

Without them, manufacturing a part with complex relief would take a lot of time. With the advent of such technology, labor productivity on an enterprise scale increases tenfold.

This is why purchasing such a machine can be a very valuable investment for a craftsman.

COPYER a, m. copyier germ. copyen, Kopiershablone. A part of a copying machine that transmits movement to a tool that reproduces on a workpiece a given surface profile corresponding to the profile of the copier. SIS 1985. Copier processing. Leping 1,738. || How does the cutlet machine mechanism work?

The disk with the pistons rotates, the piston rods rest against the copier below, as if rolling on the copier either uphill or downhill. Therefore, the pistons themselves either rise above the protrusions of the copier, or fall under the action of a spring. The copier can be rotated 180° using the handle.

PIO 1997 2 43. - Lex. SIS 1979: copy/…

Copier`Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary`

copier`Russian spelling dictionary`

kop\’ir, -a

Russian spelling dictionary. / The Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of Russian

Homemade copying machine

V. Vinogradova. - M.: “Azbukovnik”. V. V. Lopatin (executive editor), B. Z. Bukchina, N. A. Eskova and others. 1999.

Copier'Efremova's Explanatory Dictionary'

A part of a copying machine that transmits movement to a tool that reproduces the workpiece specified by a template, drawing, etc. profile.

(German: Kopierschablone) - detail copier, having a shaped profile (shaped ruler, cam, washer, etc.).

Big Encyclopedic Polytechnic Dictionary 2004

Copier

Page 1

The copying device consists of a copier mounted on the movable part of the device, along which the roller of the drive bracket, fixedly mounted on the vertical guides of the machine, slides from below.

The copier works as follows. Both cavities communicate with each other, for which a hole is made in the piston. The hydraulic cylinder rod is tl tr fastening, and the cylinder tzd 1 is fastened.  

Copying devices are made either in the form of adaptations to existing machines (lathes, milling, etc.), or are organically built into them and form copying machines or semi-automatic machines.

The copying device can be mechanical, electromechanical, hydraulic, and the rotation of the spindle unit and table can be single or double index.  

Copiers can also be installed on horizontal milling machines.  

The copying device (Fig. 73) is used for processing shaped surfaces with sufficient high accuracy.  

The copying device of this machine works using the inductive method.

Pattern copiers can achieve accuracy down to 0.02mm.

Do-it-yourself copy-milling machine - we create reliable equipment!

The copier consists of three separate parts: the copier posts (right and left), the sensor slide, and the sensor. The copier stands are installed on the support body and can be moved along the support guides to install the copier when setting up the machine.

The copier is designed for longitudinal and transverse copying. To do this, a special holder with a roller is attached to the turret head, which rests against the copy ruler. The copy ruler is installed at the required angle to the horizontal and secured in this position.  

Copiers of this type (Fig.

6.25) are equipped with two piston engines: with an inclined washer 6 - for the driving movement and 5 - for the follower movement.  

Copiers can be rationally used on rotary machines. Single-column rotary machines model 1541 from the Sedin plant, as well as new domestic machines, are equipped with copying devices. Foreign companies Schiess, Frorip, Gidings, Webster and Bennett and others manufacture machines of appropriate designs that allow the installation of copying devices.

Copiers can be mechanical, electrical or hydraulic. Holder 6 with copier 7 is fixed in the turret socket, and body 2 is fixed in the side support tool holder.

The cutter / processes the shaped profile.  

Pages:      1    2    3    4

If you need to make a copy of an object made of wood or metal, copying equipment comes to the rescue; for this purpose it is used in many enterprises. In particular, copy-milling installations are designed to create objects that replicate the original sample as closely as possible.

Modern types of machines make it possible to perform work accurately and quickly in large quantities. Such installations are great for creating copying works on a plane and in volume using appropriate copiers and volumetric models. We will learn from the article what a wood milling and copying machine is, how it works and what its approximate price is.

Milling and copying equipment

Machines of this type are one of the methods of mechanical processing to create objects of the desired geometric shape. The surface of the workpiece is processed in several stages - roughing, semi-finishing and finishing.

The scope of application of milling machines is very wide - these are shaped parts made of wood, plane milling, profile processing, volumetric milling of reliefs of objects and parts. Before going into mass production, milling machines must undergo special certification to comply with all safety standards and regulations necessary during the work process.

Thanks to the method of template copying technology, the same shape of all parts is obtained and the error of the worker servicing the machine is reduced to zero, since the person does not influence the working process of the unit.

To complete a series of absolutely identical finished products it is necessary to use special templates or a product that was made based on it. Experts recommend equipping the unit with a pantograph. This is a mechanism that transmits movements to the cutting tool as accurately as possible along the head installation profile.

Processing the workpiece according to the copier through the copy mechanism gives a command to everyone actuators unit. The installation cutter and the part that is being milled recreate the surface specified on the copier in relative movement.

The main movements include the working table of a milling machine, movement along the contour of the slide, and rotation of the spindle. The secondary ones are:

• Moving the tracer table, the installation nature of the copying finger and stops.
• Acceleration of the movement of the spindle of the slide and the working surface of the table.
• Spindle head clamp.

Copy milling can be of two types:

• Outline.
• Volumetric.

Contour milling is different in that when processing wood the copier curve is located in a parallel or perpendicular axis working tool. In one case, the working surface with the workpiece and the copier moves only in the parallel or transverse direction of the copier, its curved line. They can also only move longitudinally, in which case the entire curve process is controlled by moving the tracing finger and cutter in the vertical plane.

When the volumetric copying process is underway, the workpiece has a spatially complex surface. It is processed by two or more parallel strokes of the work table, with each stroke performing contour milling. The working tool of the machine that carries out the entire process, after each working pass forced to move relative to the part to the cross feed rate perpendicular to the line, then the table moves again.

Purpose of milling and copying units and their advantages

This equipment has long become indispensable for small furniture workshops. They help you to mill straight lines and curved surfaces, drill holes, make nests of various configurations in wood.

They are used for carving different types of wood, for copying sculptures and flat-relief surfaces. Machines help to significantly improve the quality of processed products. The main advantages of copy-milling machines for wood include:

• Compactness.
• High strength.
• Long service life.
• High precision and reliability of machines.

Price for wood milling and copying machines

The equipment is designed for surface treatment soft and hard wood, so they are perfect for carpentry and model workshops.

Milling and copying units made in Italy G 60 - G 80 - G90 GRIGGIO, are very popular in carpentry and furniture production. They are designed for milling curved and straight contours, nests, contours and grooves, drilling and countersinking holes in carpentry and furniture blanks. Excellent for processing furniture facades And door leaves. Worktable size - 750x600 mm, vertical travel of the worktable - 150 mm, spindle movement in the vertical plane - 80 mm, spindle rotates with a frequency of 9,000-18,000 rpm. approximate price 339,000 rubles.

Milling and copying machine VFK-810 (table rotation angle up to 45 o) - designed for milling curved and straight contours, nests, grooves, countersinking and drilling holes in furniture and joinery blanks. An important advantage is the high speed of up to 20,000 rpm, the ideal quality that the spindle provides. The lift of the table is 200 mm, its size, length - 1,000 and width - 800 mm. Approximate price - 274,000 rubles.

Milling and copying unit WINNER LH-1000 made in Taiwan - perfect option for the production of panel doors and other types of carpentry work. Such operations are the most complex and time-consuming, so even experienced master with high qualifications are not able to cope with such a task in a short time. It produces a paneled element in one pass; the multi-level spindle quickly changes the profile without rearranging the tool. It is equipped with a special table with a flat coordinate system, which provides high accuracy of all milling operations performed, as well as safety. The spindle rotates at a frequency of 9,000 rpm, the price of the machine is 1,246,463 rubles.

Copy milling machine made in China MX 5068. Its distinctive features is a high speed of up to 18,000 rpm, the spindle gives ideal quality, the products do not need further processing. Vertical movement of the spindle from a pneumatic drive, rotation of the table by 45 o, increased dimensions of the work table - 805-600 mm, maximum thickness of the workpiece - 150 mm, machine weight - 440 kg, product price - 193,240 rubles.

Equipment such as a modern copy-milling machine is highly accurate and reliable in execution various types works In order to start working on it, 2-3 days of training is enough, after which you can create real masterpieces in wood.

Both in production and at home, there is often a need to produce a part whose shape and dimensions are completely identical to the original sample. At enterprises, this problem is solved using a device such as a copy-milling machine, which makes it possible to produce copies of the original part in large batches and is characterized by high speed and the quality of the processing performed.

What is the milling process?

Copy-milling machines and any other equipment of the milling group can be found on almost any industrial enterprise. This is explained by the fact that the milling operation is one of the most common methods used to perform machining. This technology allows you to perform a wide range of roughing, semi-finishing and finishing operations with simple and shaped workpieces made of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, and to work on wood and plastic. On modern milling equipment Parts of even the most complex shapes are processed with high precision and productivity.

There are two main types of milling: counter (feed and rotation of the tool are in different directions) and down milling (the tool rotates in the same direction as the feed). The cutting part of the tools that perform milling is made of various materials, which makes it possible not only to successfully work on wood, but also to process (including grinding) even the hardest metals and alloys, artificial and natural stone.

Milling equipment is divided into two types: general purpose and specialized, which includes a copy-milling machine.

Capabilities of copy-milling equipment

The copying machine, which belongs to the milling group, is designed for copying and milling work with flat and three-dimensional parts. In addition, such a device can be used to engrave shaped profiles, apply inscriptions and patterns (even of high complexity) to products, and carry out light milling operations on wood and other materials.

Using tools with cutting parts made of various materials, parts made of cast iron are processed on copy milling machines, different varieties steel and non-ferrous metals. Such devices for producing parts in small and large batches successfully produce blades for turbojet engines and steam turbines, propellers for ships, cutting and forging dies, impellers for hydraulic turbines, molds for pressing and casting, molds, etc.

A copy-milling machine performs technological operations that are practically inaccessible to universal equipment. The operating principle of such a machine is based on the copying method, for which a special template is used. The use of a template eliminates the human factor when processing even the most complex parts, due to which all finished products have the same shape and geometric dimensions. Conveniently, one template can be used to accurately manufacture a large batch of parts that will be completely identical to each other.

In order to copy the shape and dimensions of the template as accurately as possible, a copier (pantograph for a router) is installed on a copy-milling machine. The purpose of such a device is to accurately transfer all movements from the copy head to the cutting tool.

How does a copy milling machine work?

Copy-milling machines, as mentioned above, are used for planar (processing of profiles) and volumetric (processing of reliefs) milling. They use cutters as a working tool, which, when processing the contour or volumetric surface of a part, repeat the movements of the copier. The connection between the working element and the tracking system in manual machines is ensured by mechanical, pneumatic or hydraulic elements necessary to generate the force transmitted from the copier to the working element of the copy-milling machine.

The template on such machines is a flat contour or spatial model, a standard part or contour drawings, and the element that reads the shape and dimensions of the template is a copying finger or roller, a special probe, or a photocell. To make a template, you can use an aluminum sheet or a sheet of other metal, plastic or wood. The template and the workpiece are located on the rotating work table of the machine.

The working body of copy-milling equipment is set in motion thanks to such structural elements as a screw, spool valve, solenoid, differential or electromagnetic clutch. Relays installed in the amplification devices of copy-milling machines can be electromagnetic, hydraulic or electro-optical.

The quality of the workpiece (surface roughness, accuracy of shape and size) depends on such a parameter as the speed of movement of the tracking device. In this case, the following characteristics of the finished product can be achieved: roughness – No. 6, profile accuracy – 0.02 mm. The main elements of the executive circuit of such equipment are Electrical engine and hydraulic cylinder.

A pantograph installed on copy-milling equipment ensures copying at a given scale. The pantograph structure consists of a guide pin, its axis, a tool spindle and a separate axis of rotation. The spindle and guide pin are located on the same rail, the ratio of the arms of which determines the copying scale.

Moving along the contour of the template, the finger sets in motion the rack, which rotates freely on an axis. Accordingly, on the other side of the rack, the machine spindle makes identical movements, processing the workpiece. On do-it-yourself copy-milling machines, such a device will also not be superfluous; its presence significantly increases the functionality of the equipment.

Types of copy-milling machines

The equipment of a copy-milling machine may include drives various types. Based on this parameter, the following are distinguished:

• equipment with a pantograph (suitable for processing parts in 2–3 dimensions);
• devices with a copier mounted on a rotary rack moving in a vertical plane;
• single and multi-spindle machines equipped with rotary tables round or rectangular shape;
• machines, the feed on which is ensured by mechanical, electrical, hydraulic devices;
• photocopying equipment.

A homemade copying machine can be any of these types (including copying and grinding machines). You just need to find drawings on the Internet and select components.

According to the degree of automation and the method of fixing the workpiece, the following categories of copy-milling machines are distinguished:

• manual or tabletop, on which the workpiece is fixed mechanically(on these devices you can drill holes various shapes according to the template);
• automatic equipment of a stationary type, the workpieces on which are fixed using pneumatic clamps (such machines work with aluminum);
• automatic equipment of a stationary type with pneumatic clamps, on which a three-spindle head is installed (on these copy-milling machines, triple holes are simultaneously drilled, which does not allow the production of units of the two previous types).

How does a copy milling machine work?

As noted above, on a copy-milling machine the workpiece is processed using a master device - a copier. All movements of the copier along the contour or surface of the template are transmitted thanks to a special (copying) device to the working head of the machine in which the cutter is fixed. Thus, the cutting tool exactly repeats all the movements made by the copier used to equip the router.

The movements of the elements of a copy-milling machine during the processing of a part are divided into main (rotation and movement of the spindle when cutting the tool into the workpiece material, movement along the contour of the work table and slide) and auxiliary (movement of the spindle head, slide and table in accelerated mode, as well as installation movements made by the tracer table, the copying finger, the stops and the clamp that secures the spindle head).

In copy milling machines working on aluminum, two tracking schemes can be implemented: simple action and action with feedback. When implementing the direct action scheme, the working body of the machine makes movements due to the fact that it is rigidly connected to the copier. The reverse action scheme does not provide for such a connection and movements from the copier to the working element are transmitted not directly, but through a tracking system.

As mentioned above, contour and volumetric milling is performed on copy milling machines. When contour milling, the movements of the copier occur in a plane parallel or perpendicular to the axis of the tool. In the first case, the movement of the equipment working table can only be longitudinal, and the cutter and copying finger move vertically. In the second case, the table moves both longitudinally and transversely. In volumetric milling, the part is processed in stages - thanks to several movements of the table and tool performed in parallel planes.

The direct action scheme can also be implemented through a pantograph, which allows you to reduce the size of finished products in relation to the size of the template used (scale). Most often, such an additional device, which is easy to make yourself, is installed on machines used for engraving and light milling work.

Another variation of a self-made machine

How to make a copy milling machine with your own hands

Many home craftsmen would like to purchase a copy-milling machine to equip their workshop, but the cost of such equipment is quite high. Meanwhile, if you have the desire, and without spending a lot of time, effort and financial resources, you can make such equipment with your own hands.

Naturally, homemade copy-milling equipment cannot be compared with professional ones in terms of power, reliability and functionality, but such machines can also make high-quality copies, work with wood and process workpieces from other materials. Many people try to attach a copying device to an existing one, but this is impractical, since it would require redoing almost the entire machine. As practice shows, your homemade machine It is better to assemble a copy-milling type from scratch, selecting the appropriate components for this.

The photo below shows an example of a homemade machine with an addition in the form of a video. The creator of the machine narrates the story in English, but in principle everything is quite clear even without translation.

The easiest way to make a copy-milling device with your own hands is according to a standard scheme, which includes load-bearing structure– frame, work table and milling head. The drive to ensure rotation of the working tool is an electric motor that transmits movement through a two-stage mechanism, allowing two speeds to be obtained. Desktop of this homemade device can be adjusted in height.

Many of those who have made a copy-milling machine with their own hands note that when changing operating modes, such equipment begins to show a lot of shortcomings. The most common of these shortcomings are vibrations of the machine frame, curvature of the workpiece and its deflection, poor-quality copying, etc. To avoid such problems, it is best to make the copy-milling device highly specialized and immediately configure it to process workpieces of the same type. This is explained by the fact that one must take into account all the shortcomings that will arise in universal equipment when changing operating modes, it is almost impossible.

The basis for making a machine with your own hands will be manual. Secure it to wooden support made of thick plywood (at least 12 mm thick). Several holes are also made in the support for fasteners and a router holder. Additionally, you should build a frame and make several bars that are installed along the edges of the support; they will hold the device during operation.

Manufacturing of milling unit

We use a medium-diameter metal pipe as a guide. We install a carriage with a router inserted into it on the pipe. We attach a bar to the carriage, which plays the role of a copy probe, after which it is necessary to fix the horizontal beam on which the main template is attached. A machine made according to this principle can be used to process and create copies of simple household products, for example, door handles, castles, furniture legs. The milling unit with the motor is inserted inside the carriage and connected to the power supply. The template is fixed on the support, and the copy probe moves along it.

The router is powered, the carriage moves manually, so that the working head follows the movements of the probe. To create more complex models it is necessary to connect additional working heads and install a drive with a belt drive. Now it is possible to connect a homemade installation to software, however, this will require CNC and additional equipment and tools. Such a homemade machine will cope with its everyday functions quite well.

4

The practice of using homemade copy-milling machines of various types shows that the final part made on such equipment has certain inconsistencies with drawings and shapes and some manufacturing defects in the form of chips and curvatures. These defects are caused by constant vibrations of the machine and movements of the working head. It is very difficult to get rid of them at home.

Do-it-yourself copy-milling machine

To avoid such shortcomings in work homemade equipment, we recommend manufacturing highly specialized machines rather than universal type equipment. That is, before starting work on making a machine with your own hands, you need to decide what specific parts you plan to use it for. This way you can optimally select the weight and dimensions of a hand-assembled copy-milling machine. It is important to remember that the larger the size of the parts to be processed, the more powerful and heavier the working unit must be.

For large parts, additional holders and a more massive support are needed; this will allow maximum dampening of vibrations that will occur during operation. In addition, it is better to use an electric drive instead of a manual one and ensure that the guides have a sufficient margin of safety. Remember also that the smoothness of movement depends on the type of working surface cutting equipment in different planes, hence the final result.