Installation of a roof window: the most complete installation instructions. Choosing windows in the attic How to make a roof window on the roof

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When going to the site, the surveyor often not only fulfills his direct responsibility, but also advises the client on construction issues and helps to navigate the choice of interior design. Of course, we have to talk a lot about the features of installing roof windows. Sometimes the surveyor is forced to dispel the customer’s vain hope for a certain result that the person saw in a magazine or TV show - since the initial data of the house and the financial capabilities of the client are very different from those of the owner, whose house or apartment turned out to be an inspiring picture.

Today we will get acquainted with the reviews of people who have already installed roof windows and are admiring the results of transforming the space under the roof.

Since many nuances are taken into account when arranging an attic: the number of windows and the size of window openings, the direction of opening, the material of construction, etc., then with the help of other people’s experience you can avoid common mistakes and achieve what you want with less effort and money.

We have all been familiar with attics since childhood. Who hasn’t “hidden” there with Carlson and the Kid, reading about their joint adventures in the house under the roof? Or didn’t he “observe” the communication between Kai and Gerda, who also lived in separate attics and grew beautiful roses there? For the first time, the space under the roof began to be used as living space in the second half of the 17th century, when the Frenchman Francois Mansart, a famous enterprising architect, drew attention to the empty “territories.”

Most European attics are made according to Finnish technology. In Russia, people began to get interested in attics relatively recently - with the emergence of interest in individual, affordable, durable and airtight housing.

It is typical for attics when the windows are located in the roof. Because of this, the installation of structures, and indeed the frame, must comply with certain technical requirements. The most popular manufacturers of roof windows for the European market are Danish Velux, Polish Fakro, German Roto. These are the names of companies that are most often found in discussions on thematic forums.

We study the disadvantages of dormer windows based on reviews

The most active discussions on forums concern various difficulties with the installation and operation of roof windows. Sometimes in dialogues there are also very negative statements from people who have suffered with the renovation of the attic.

About the advantages and disadvantages of roof windows in the video:

Possible problems and solutions

Flow

“...In winter, the snow on the window melts and freezes all season, then it begins to leak. Ice builds up at the junction of the window and frame. And I’m still tormented by condensation - I regularly clear the snow, but the window still cries...” In response to such statements, they often write about the suspicion that the window became problematic due to installation by the owners themselves, and not by specialists. And this advice is difficult to refute - hire specialists to solve complex construction problems.

Increased temperature in summer

“...I would like to make it cooler in the attic of my parents’ dacha in the summer...”

The problem can be resolved using one of the following methods:

• by increasing the thermal insulation layer under the roof;
• using blinds, reflective film or curtains;
• change the shape of the roof to summer time the overhang shaded the window.

Price

“Everything is fine in the attic window: it doesn’t blow anywhere, it fits well into the interior, it’s convenient to use. But the price! Twice the cost of a regular double-glazed window.”

Which manufacturer's products you prefer is entirely your choice. If you want better quality, you will have to pay more.

What are the advantages of roof windows: we study the experience of owners based on reviews

Attractive view

“The attic rooms have become much nicer. At night, all the stars of the world are yours!

Energy Saving

“We installed skylights in the office and bedroom. The comfort and light have definitely increased.”

The statements of this user are also confirmed by scientists: due to the angle of their location, inclined windows transmit more light than ordinary ones, that is, those standing vertically (by about 40%).

Handle placement according to user preferences

It is better to choose the location for installing the handle taking into account the age and physical characteristics of the attic inhabitants. For families with children, it is better to give preference to doors with handles installed in such a way that it is extremely difficult for children to use the levers without using a ladder or a high chair. It is even safer to use handles with locks that can be locked with a key.

Accessories

The equipment requires a separate type of fittings and cannot be purchased at retail. It is produced by the same companies that produce attic windows.

If it is necessary to replace or update some element, the application must be sent to the window seller.

Despite the similarity with the fittings for conventional PVC double-glazed windows, the attic has some technical differences.

Dormer windows are a good option for furnishing office and residential premises. Why do users like designs and what should they pay attention to in order to be satisfied with their choice?

What problem might you encounter?

The installation of roof windows by non-specialists is an absolutely typical and growing phenomenon, given that the flow of complaints about leaks has been steadily increasing recently. And with the arrival of warmer weather, the number of dissatisfied people will increase, since this is a natural phenomenon when the technology for installing windows at an angle is broken. However, leakage can occur even after flawless installation. What can cause moisture to seep under the frame?

“Yesterday we received an application from client R, complaining about leaks in the attic windows. Moisture seepage is observed under the lower sash of the window sash. The caller claims that the installation of double-glazed windows was carried out by experienced specialists.”

After arriving at the specified address and inspecting it, it turned out that the installation was indeed done professionally. The cause of the leak was excess snow mass on the outer surface of the window glass. Under sun rays the snow melted, and the resulting water ran down an inclined plane to the lower frame. As the temperature dropped, the water froze and increased the load on the seal. Over time, it became somewhat deformed, and water was able to seep out little by little.

The key to solving the problem is to clear the window of snow and remove any moisture on the surface of the glass by simply wiping it with a clean rag.

To restore the functionality of the seal, a lubricant containing liquid silicone is required.

After a while, it turned out that the recommendation was completely justified: the leak no longer appeared. The problem was eliminated with little effort due to the fact that the attic window was installed according to the rules. If the technology were broken, the home owner would have to incur much greater costs than was spent on calling and consulting a specialist.

About the technology for installing mounting windows in the video:

Real owner reviews about roof windows

Getting acquainted with the dialogues on forums where roof windows are discussed, it becomes clear that the leading topic of conversation is related to the problem of leakage. Some argue that no one will be able to avoid moisture seepage, others insist that double-glazed windows from a normal manufacturer can only fail if installed by a non-professional. Others argue that neither the brand name nor the qualifications of the installers will save you from leaks - over time, even expensive double-glazed windows begin to leak water.

Problems

When you hear statements, the essence of which is “Velux or, say, ROTO windows have served for 10-15 years and have never leaked,” you begin to think that today’s double-glazed windows from the same companies are made not in Denmark or Germany, respectively, but somewhere in Egypt or even near the town of Starye Pyrki.

Where do the legs for such suspicion come from? It’s simple: the majority of those who complain about leaking roof windows claim that the structures were installed by specialists, and who knows what kind of workers. It turns out that the root of the problem is a manufacturing defect. And the fact that double-glazed windows allow water to pass through not during rain, but after ice forms, is proof of this.

How does leakage occur in the latter case:

• due to heavy snowfalls, a snowdrift forms on the outer glass;
• after a thaw, ice forms under the melted snow in the evening, reliably “biting” into the window frame;
• due to the heat from the window, the ice gradually melts, but the resulting water has nowhere to escape - there is an ice crust on top;
• if there is a gap between the frame and the sash - if the glass unit was assembled at the factory in violation of the technology - water seeps under the seal.

The seal may begin to leak water due to long-term operation of the double-glazed window without preventive maintenance. If the seepage of water is caused by the old age of the seal, then streams will leave dark streaks, and if the seepage of moisture is transparent, then the cause of the problem is poor-quality assembly.

To ensure that a good seal does not lose its properties over time, it must be lubricated. But even careful care is powerless in the face of time - then replacing with a new one is the only way to avoid leaks. Interestingly, in double-glazed windows with doors that open like a hatch, the rubber seals last longer.

Advantages

Of course, roof windows have a lot of advantages! No one has yet complained about their poor thermal insulation or drafts. Owners of the latest models of windows produced by Aereco are not overjoyed at the presence of pre-installed systems in the form of a self-regulating supply valve that provides ventilation.

There were rave reviews from owners of double-glazed windows with wooden frames.

Unlike conventional ones made of the same material, the former are absolutely not afraid of rotting, do not peel off and do not require systematic painting, since they are treated with a special impregnation and have a protective coating.

Users are also pleased with the strength of the glass attic windows, tested in practice: among the dialogues of the farmhouse.ru forum there is a description of a mini-incident that led the narrator to financial expenses, but convinced him of the strength of the glass in such windows. Because of a lost key, the man was forced to enter the house through a locked attic window, the glass of which for a long time resisted attempts to break it.

Window owners also like the loyalty program of manufacturers FAKRO, Velux, ROTO to their customers, expressed in the opportunity to replace defective elements in attic double-glazed windows free of charge.

Dormer windows: selection based on basic characteristics

Like any person purchasing a product, the buyer of a roof window expects that the quality of the double-glazed window will correspond to the amount paid. Most of the special double-glazed windows for installation in the attic are affordable to a wide range of consumers, and at the same time please with affordable prices.

By purchasing such a roof window, you get:

• product with a high safety factor;
• a reliable product whose functional characteristics will provide protection of the room from drafts, low temperatures, and excess humidity;
• durable design with a 10-year warranty period.

The glass of high-quality roof windows is made from triplex. In addition to strength, this material has a valuable property: with a crushing blow, the glass does not fly apart into a splash of fragments, but cracks, becoming covered with a web of cracks of different lengths, but remains in the window opening.

The glass of the skylights scatters the sun's rays, so the light inside the room will be pleasant to the eye and harmless to things prone to fading.

Details

If we were engaged in the construction of housing for ourselves with a periodicity of 5-10 years, then when preparing the third project, we would have considerable experience in arranging houses to suit our needs. But since we accomplish such a feat much less often, we have to seek practical advice on many construction issues. Next we will present a lot of applied information about roof windows, collecting valuable information with the help of Marina Prozarovskaya, who works as the chief engineer. If we missed something, we will be ready to answer all your questions later.

In general terms

What is the difference between a roof window and a conventional vertical double-glazed window? What are the advantages of the first? Is it possible to install a regular double-glazed window at an angle in an attic roof?

The main difference between windows is their purpose. Vertical double-glazed windows are installed exclusively in window openings of vertical walls of buildings for various purposes.

Dormer windows are designed for roof installation and are therefore capable of bearing loads similar to those experienced by the roof.

The procedure for installing skylights also has a number of nuances that are not necessary for installing conventional double-glazed windows.

The cost per square meter of a roof window and the price difference between it and a regular one

The cost of roof windows is determined not by the number of square meters in it, but by the combined amount for all the elements that make up the structure. The larger the area, the more complete the equipment and the newer the model of the attic double-glazed window, the higher the price.

For example, let's say that a basic design without a frame with a size of 78 x 118 will cost the client 9,800 rubles. What is the purpose of the salary? This is an element for connecting a double-glazed window to the roof of your home. If it is profiled, then you need to choose a special salary costing 4,150 rubles. But the indicated amounts are the price for each product. Work and additions in the form of kits providing heat, hydro, and vapor barrier are paid separately.

In most cases, pine wood from our northern regions is used to make skylights. Preference is given to this material due to its special density and thermal conductivity qualities.

If you prefer PVC double-glazed windows, we recommend choosing a product manufactured by Roto or Faktro. Or take advantage of an absolutely innovative offer - choose structures made of wood coated with polyurethane on the outer layer. It protects wood from impregnation with moisture, is not afraid of heat, does not turn yellow and is resistant to mechanical stress.

Algorithm for installing roof windows in the video:

Why are vertical windows made using a different technology?

They have different purposes and different load volumes. The roof must have the same heat loss coefficient over the entire area, therefore the windows in the roof must be a reliable barrier to heat escaping from the room.

Is fogging possible?

All modern double-glazed windows are part of the building envelope and have similar problems with condensation. Therefore, this manifestation of excess moisture can be observed even in the highest quality structures.

How to deal with condensation:

• thoughtful organization of air convection;
• creating a ventilation gap if the technology for creating slopes is violated.

The fact is that the upper slope of the attic window should be horizontal, and the lower slope should be vertical.

Then the warm air flow rising from the heating element under the window opening will spread parallel to the area of ​​the attic window. If the lower slope turns out to be horizontal, then there is a need for a ventilation gap made of special grilles.

Special requirements

Often these windows end up hanging over the people in the room.

Therefore, special safety requirements have been put forward for structures:

• internal glass must be made of triplex, which will protect people near the window in case of damage to its transparent elements;
• external glass must be of the tempered type, which are much stronger than ordinary ones.

What is triplex technology? It is a complex of two glasses bonded with a layer between them in the form of a film. It is this that prevents the glass from “exploding” into fragments when hitting the window.

To get acquainted with some of the characteristics of a double-glazed window, purchased or already installed in a permanent place, study the data on the plate located at the end of the window.

To get to it, open the door so that its upper part looks into the room. Typically, a plate with information of interest (class, type of glass unit, size) is located on the right. Find out more about what you can find out by reading the information on the nameplate (plate) in a special section.

How to use during the hot season

In summer, the space under the roof is the hottest area of ​​the house. All the heat that comes to us from the sun's rays is directed to the roof. Understanding the source of the problem, manufacturers of roof windows offer to combat it through the use of sun-reflecting glass, interior curtains, roller shutters, blinds, and awnings. When choosing the appropriate option, remember that using roller shutters, you will be forced to illuminate the room with artificial lighting, since such protection will completely shade the room.

If the roof has sufficient thermal insulation, then the atmosphere under the roof on a hot day warms up to 26 degrees. With poor insulation, this figure increases greatly and the presence of a window on the south side of the roof will only aggravate the problem. All protective methods of reducing the amount of heat entering through windows are able to reduce it by no more than a degree. Therefore, it is advisable to install windows in the roof, provided that its slope faces the northern side of the world. Otherwise, in the summer without air conditioning in the attic it will be quite tight.

Operation in winter

If the house is heated, then the attic windows will not freeze. But due to their inclined location, snow can accumulate on top of the glass. If precipitation is light, then there will quickly be no trace of snow left. And with significant snowfall, the snowdrifts need to be shaken off periodically so that the amount of light entering the room does not decrease and the visibility of the windows does not decrease.

Due to the temperature difference outside the window and inside the room, condensation drops form on the glass. Flowing down, they can cause the formation of a mini lake on the floor under the window. If you don’t know about this and don’t visit the attic for a while, you may find yourself with a very wet area of ​​the carpet, parquet or furniture located directly under the window. To prevent unpleasant consequences, you can use a thick towel or mat.

As for the difficulties with caring for roof windows. Yes, they get dirty faster, since dust and dirt are better retained on inclined surfaces. However, it is easier to clean the sashes of such double-glazed windows due to their location. Provided that the window is located in a living space and not high above a flight of stairs. In the latter case, cleaning without a telescopic mop will not be easy.

If you are afraid that children will try to use the attic window as a way into the roof, use fittings with a key locking system.

Reliability and long service life

Based on the above, we can conclude that when choosing a high-quality roof window, you will receive a reliable and easy-to-use design that will please your eyes and soul for many years. Manufacturers who are confident in their products indirectly confirm the quality of their products with a twenty-year warranty on glass. At the same time, they emphasize the need for systematic lubrication of fittings exposed to moisture and recommend periodically refreshing the appearance of the frames with paint.

What problems might the owner of a roof window encounter?

Don’t believe that there are no problems with skylights? Right. Any design may not serve as flawlessly as we would like if the recommended rules of use are violated during its operation.

For example, for the long service life of an attic double-glazed window, it is extremely important to follow the installation technology: take into account the angle of the roof, the level of the floor, and professionally install the structure in a permanent place. Often, if errors are made, they are noticeable even to a person who has no experience in construction.

If the developer is inexperienced, or an incorrect design was used when arranging the house, then the result may be, for example, the inaccessibility of a free view - when you cannot reach the window without a chair, or you need to bend in three arcs to look out into the street. A similar situation is observed in the attic of one of the forum members. Taking into account the parameters of the project, she ordered attic double-glazed windows measuring 78 x 140, but in practice the latter figure should have been 160 cm. As a result, to view the situation on the street, the owners of the room must bend over, which is not very convenient, no matter how you look at it.

To avoid inconvenience, calculate so that the lower edge of the glass unit is at a distance of 80-110 cm from the floor. A more specific guideline: when sitting on a chair, your line of sight, when looking straight ahead, should coincide with the lower edge of the glazing. You also need to take into account your height: if you stand up, you should not be afraid of hitting the open window sash.

The following reminder will help you not to miss the choice of the desired design: when determining the length of the window, take into account the angle of inclination of the roof. If the angle is 30 degrees (or 35), then there should be at least one and a half meters between the lower and upper edges of the sash. If you suspect that you may miss the size of the attic window due to errors in the design, then before choosing specific designs, do not be lazy to measure the attic yourself or by inviting an experienced measurer. Then you will definitely be sure that the attic windows will decorate the room and allow you to admire the beautiful landscapes without requiring you to bend your body unnaturally.

If the attic is located in a house with attic walls, then the feasibility of double-glazed windows is questionable. You won’t be able to admire the views through them, except perhaps study the sky. But you will save significantly on electricity. In general, the choice is always yours if you approach any task wisely.

About the use of skylights in winter period in the video:

Using all possible space, giving the house originality and significantly reducing heat loss through the roof - these are the tasks that the attic solves. If there is a certain margin of safety at the foundation, in this way you can turn cottage in two-level. Another attractive thing is that you can build an attic roof with your own hands even without special construction skills. It is important not to make a mistake with the choice of materials and do everything according to the rules.

Windows on a regular floor are located in the walls. In attics there are no or almost no walls. They are replaced by a roof. That’s why windows are made special: they not only must let in sufficient light, but also withstand wind and snow loads, which are much greater on the roof than on the walls.

Dormer windows

When planning an attic, you should take into account the recommendations of SNiP. They recommend making the window area no less than 10% of the floor area. So if the attic is divided into several rooms, each should have a window.

Of all the methods shown in the photo for installing skylights with an attic, inclined installation is the easiest to implement. In this case, it is necessary to ensure the proper degree of waterproofing of the junction, and also to use special models with reinforced frames and reinforced glass - the load on the surface can be significant.

Advantages of a sloping roof window:

• more light, less sharp boundaries of light and shadow;
• the roof surface remains flat, its relief is not complicated;
• relatively easy installation.

When planning such a window, it is necessary to remember that its area increases with increasing angle of inclination. At what height is it more convenient to install such a window and how its height increases in centimeters depending on the inclination, look at the photo.

The steeper the slope relative to the floor, the smaller the window height should be.

The width of the window frame should be 4-6 cm less than the pitch between the rafters. Then it can be easily installed without disturbing the structure of the frame. If the window is wider, it is necessary to make a reinforced beam above it and calculate the load.

If you need to have a larger window, it is easier to place two narrow ones side by side. They look no worse than one big one, and there will be fewer problems.

When installing a dormer window, the roof geometry becomes more complicated: a valley appears on top and on the sides. Because of this, the rafter system becomes more complex both during planning and during assembly. The complexity of installation also increases roofing. All valleys are the places where leaks are most likely to occur. Therefore, everything needs to be done very carefully. In regions with big amount It is advisable to install snow guards over such windows to prevent them from being blown away in the event of a sudden meltdown.

Installation of a vertical dormer window in an attic roof

The advantage of such a window is that you can stand next to it at full height. But they let in less light, the terrain becomes more complex and the roof becomes more problematic.

A recessed window is usually used if there is access to a balcony through it. In other cases, this method of arrangement is not the best option: little light gets in, the shadows turn out to be very deep, which is tiring for the eye, the geometry also becomes more complex, although not to the same extent as in the previous version.

The easiest way is to make a window at the end of the attic. In this case, a reinforced frame or reinforced glass is not needed. Just high-quality glass is quite enough. It is this option that can most often be seen in country attics: this is the most inexpensive option, which you can easily implement with your own hands.

Rafter system

When independently building private houses with an attic, they usually choose a broken roof. It allows you to get a room of significant area, larger than under a gable.

With the same width of the base (of the house), the attic space under a sloping roof is larger than under a regular gable roof. The rafter system is becoming more complex, but gable roof with an attic under a sloping roof is still more popular

The design of the sloping mansard roof is such that the overhangs can be lowered quite low, giving the house interesting view. But the long overhang of the roof serves not only a decorative role. They also cover the upper part of the wall from precipitation and divert the bulk of the water away from the foundation. Although when planning you need to keep in mind that in strong winds they increase windage. Because of this, it is necessary to use more powerful boards and beams. Therefore, the size of the roof overhang is chosen based on several considerations, the main one of which is weather conditions.

Tilt angle

Depends on the roofing material, but most of all - on the region and weather conditions. The classic version is shown in the figure: the lower slopes in relation to the plane of the attic floor are inclined by 60°, the upper slopes by 30°. Based on these data and the parameters of your building, you can calculate all lengths. Just take into account that according to SNiP, the ceiling height in the attic cannot be less than 2 m. Then, by definition, this is an attic. A person will feel comfortable if the ceiling is raised to a height of at least 2.2-2.3 m. Based on this, according to the rules of geometry, calculate the required lengths.

In the classic version, the load from precipitation on side surfaces may not be taken into account. Precipitation can only be retained on the upper part, the angle of inclination of which is less than 45°.

In general, the inclination of the side surfaces usually varies between 45° and up to 80°. The steeper the slope, the greater the windage it has, this must be taken into account: in regions with strong winds it is better to make flatter roofs. Then wind loads will be perceived much better.

Types of rafter systems for sloping roofs

The design of a sloping mansard roof is one of the options for the rafter system (the most common)

To make the frame of a sloping roof with your own hands, they most often use pine lumber, grade no lower than 2. The choice of cross-section of timber and boards depends on the size of the roof, the selected roofing covering (its weight), wind and snow loads in the region, and the pitch of rafter installation. All these parameters are taken into account in the calculation. The methodology is prescribed in SNiP 2.08.01-89 and TKP 45-5.05-146-2009.

One of the options for constructing a frame with hanging rafters

The figure above shows a drawing of a frame with hanging rafters. It can only be implemented if the base of the upper triangle is no more than 4.5 meters (in this case, this is the width attic room). If more, you will have to make layered rafters, which should rest on the load-bearing wall in the middle (the attic will be divided into two parts by a row of beams).

Another version of the upper part is shown in the photo below (the picture is clickable). In this case, the side rafters are reinforced with struts. They significantly increase the rigidity of the system.

There is a second way to achieve a similar effect - to establish contractions - in the figure they are only outlined with barely visible lines. The length of the side rafter leg is divided by three, and contractions are established in these places. They will be needed if the roof covering will have a significant weight.

Option for installing a sloping roof truss system - with struts that increase the rigidity of the system

For a building that is small in size, the roof frame can be generally simple: at the top there are two hanging rafters, a tie rod, floor beams, racks and side rafters (pictured below).

Construction of a rafter system for a broken mansard roof for a small house

How to calculate a sloping roof

The attic sloping roof of a small house (no more than 6-7 meters wide) has been built so many times that, based on experience, we can say what materials should be used. Many parameters are dependent on other materials. For example, the installation step of the rafters is tied to the parameters of the insulation. To ensure that there is as little waste as possible during insulation and installation is simpler, it is necessary that the distance from one rack to another be slightly less than the width of the insulation (20-30 mm). So, if you are going to use mineral wool, its width is 60 cm. Then the racks need to be installed so that the gap between two adjacent ones is 57-58 cm and no more.

The width of the board for the rafter leg is again determined based on the insulation. For the central zone of Russia, the required thickness is basalt wool is 200-250 mm. That's not all. In order for the thermal insulation to dry, a ventilation gap of 20-30 mm is required (without it, condensation will gradually rot the wood and render the mineral wool unusable). In total, it turns out that the minimum width of the rafter leg should be 230 mm. The thickness of the board is at least 50 mm. This is in regions with light winds and not very heavy snowfalls. To summarize, for all rafters - ridge and side - a board of 230 * 50 mm is required.

If lumber with such characteristics turns out to be too expensive, it will be possible to do the insulation in two directions: partly along the rafters, partly, filling the sheathing, across. You can lay a minimum of 100 mm of basalt wool, therefore you can take a standard board 50 * 150 mm and leave a 50 mm ventilation gap, or order a non-standard 130 * 50 mm. It's up to you to see which is more profitable for the money.

For racks and beams, it is better to take a beam of at least 80 * 80 mm, better - 100 * 100 mm. Especially in areas with difficult weather conditions - heavy snowfalls or strong winds.

Order a more accurate calculation from specialists. This is a long process consisting of collecting loads from the roofing material, the structural elements themselves, wind and snow loads. After which, according to a certain formula, elements are selected. For more detailed information on how the calculation is carried out, see the following video.

Do-it-yourself mansard roof: installation procedure

The design of the Mauerlat on mansard roofs is no different from the standard version. If or logs, you can use the upper crown as a mauerlat. It is only pre-treated with impregnation with high protective properties.

If the wall is made of foam blocks, a reinforced monolithic belt is placed on top of it. On a brick wall or made of shell rock or other similar materials, the installation of such a belt is not necessary. Waterproofing is laid in two layers on the wall, and on top is a timber treated with an antiseptic - 150 * 150 mm or a log. It is secured with embedded studs.

When assembling all elements, long nails are used - at least 150 mm long. In the most critical places, it is better to connect three or more elements using bolts or studs with double-sided threads. It is advisable to strengthen all joints with steel plates or corners.

First way

Installation of attic roof rafters is done in two ways. First: they assemble the parts on the ground, then lift them up in finished form. There, the outer structures, which will become pediments, are put up first. They are placed vertically and secured. It is often more convenient to secure them with long bars nailed to the wall (temporary). The following assembled structures are inserted into the prepared recesses in the Mauerlat (they are made at the required pitch). They are positioned strictly vertically and carefully secured. If necessary, additional temporary spacers are installed to fix them in the desired position. Side beams are installed.

How to build a sloping roof in this way and assemble the nodes, see the video below.

Second way

The second method - the construction of a sloping roof is carried out sequentially by assembling elements directly on site. This method is more convenient if the structure is large and when assembled it can only be lifted using special equipment (crane).

First, the floor beams are laid. Stands and ties are attached to them, and temporary spacers are installed to hold them in the vertical direction. Next, the upper and side rafter legs are assembled, and the tie rods and jibs are installed.

During installation, the following sequence of actions is observed: first, the outermost elements are installed and adjusted to the desired position, and securely fastened. If necessary, use temporary spacers. A fishing line, rope, and cord are stretched between them, which will serve as a guide for the installation of all subsequent elements. This simple move allows you to get the ideal geometry (don’t forget to check the slope angle, verticality or horizontality).

On top of the racks, tie-downs are attached - bars, to which the side rafters are then fixed and onto which the tie-down of the upper triangle is installed. The ties are secured using metal corners. Since the beams are long, they sag. This can be eliminated later - after installing the upper rafter legs- using vertical beams of fixed or adjustable height. And temporarily they can be supported with racks (so as not to pull the entire system).

To make it easier to maintain the desired angle when installing the side rafter legs, templates are made according to which cuts are made. But since the geometry of buildings built with your own hands is rarely ideal, adjustments may be necessary. To check the resulting angle of inclination, another template is knocked down from several boards, which is used to check the correct installation.

If the standard length of lumber - 6 meters - is not enough, either order the required length (expensive) or increase it. When building up, two boards measuring at least 0.6 meters (30 cm on each side of the joint) are nailed to the joint. They are nailed on both sides or bolts are used.

A reliable way to build rafters. The length of the “patch” is at least 60 cm

After installing the side rafters, all that remains is to install the top ones. A template is also made for them, pre-cut on the ground, and installed on top.

The top part can be made in different ways. Its structure depends on the width of the base. How to make it, look at the photo below.

Since the structure of the attic sloping roof does not provide for the presence of a ridge, a beam is placed in the middle to tighten it, to which the slopes are attached, fixing the triangle in the required position.

Nodes and their drawings

When installing a rafter system, questions may arise regarding the assembly of nodes—the intersections and connections of several structural elements. In the photo you see drawings of key connections.

The second option for connecting the side layered rafters and the upper triangle. Bolts are used for more secure fastening.

How to make a do-it-yourself fastening of the upper tee and rafter leg on an attic roof

Methods for attaching rafter legs to the mauerlat or, as in this case, to the side beam are shown in the figure below. To make it easier to mount a heavy element, a thrust board (bar) is nailed to the bottom of the rafter, which limits its movement: the board rests against the edge and does not allow it to sink lower.

In a private house, every meter of usable space counts. The owners are thinking about how to rationally use free and utility rooms. A striking example of turning a useless empty attic into a cozy living space is the arrangement of the attic. In the second half of the 17th century, the famous French architect Francois Mansart, after whom the attic was named, drew attention to abandoned attic spaces and proposed using them as living rooms for the poor.

Since then, the concept of using these areas has developed so that today the attic is a cozy, bright, warm and comfortable place for relaxation and living, equipped with all necessary communications and beautifully decorated. If you carry out necessary work in terms of insulation, insulation and finishing, the attic can act as a full-fledged residential floor, which will have bedrooms for residents, bathrooms with toilets, and dressing rooms. In multi-storey buildings, the most expensive real estate is the luxuriously decorated attic rooms - penthouses.

This solution gives the house a lot of advantages:

• increase in living and usable space;
• excellent overview of the site and surrounding landscapes;
• improvement of design and appearance building;
• reduction of heat loss and heating costs.

When designing, one of the important tasks is the correct placement of roof windows to ensure maximum daylight.

Peculiarities

When constructing an attic, it is necessary to strictly comply with current building codes and regulations. According to SNiPs, the glazing area must be at least 10% of the total footage of the illuminated room. It should also be taken into account that the sun turns during daylight hours and will only shine through the windows for a few hours. Every room must have at least one window.

Dormer windows are mounted directly into the roof slope, so they differ significantly from front windows both in technical characteristics and in design.

Attic frames have the following advantages:

• An inclined window increases the penetration of daylight by 30-40% compared to a vertical double-glazed window, which saves energy and lighting costs.
• A specially designed system allows you to ventilate rooms and provide sufficient ventilation and fresh air in any weather.
• Along with light, coziness is added to the rooms, creating a comfortable and warm atmosphere of a lived-in home.
• The frames have increased heat and sound insulation, and when closed they are airtight.
• Frames do not rot, do not fade, and do not require repainting.

• Glass made from special triplex can withstand high mechanical loads; when broken, it does not spill out, but becomes covered with a network of cracks, remaining in the frame.
• Triplex has the property of scattering light rays, which prevents fading of furniture and things and creates comfortable lighting for the eyes.
• If you have construction skills and knowledge of technology, you can install windows yourself.

If you do not have such skills, it is better to entrust the installation to experienced specialists in order to avoid errors and problems during use.

When installing and operating such double-glazed windows, disadvantages and difficulties may arise, which have the following solution options:

• In the warm season, in summer, the temperature rises above normal and it becomes very hot. This problem can be solved by installing a window on the northern slope of the roof or by hanging special reflective curtains or film or blinds. You can also increase the layer of thermal insulation and create a canopy or overhang to shade the window.
• Violation of tightness, leakage, condensation, ice formation. Purchasing uncertified or counterfeit cheap double-glazed windows and installation errors can lead to such problems. Frozen water creates an increased load on the frame seals; over time, deformation occurs in the seals and it becomes possible for moisture to seep into the room. The solution is strict adherence to technology and proper window care. It is recommended to clean the seals and treat them with liquid silicone grease.
• High cost, which is twice the price of conventional metal-plastic windows. A more complex device, materials and accessories of increased strength increase the price of the product. Only large well-known brands guarantee proper quality and reliability during use for their products.

Windows purchased with a guarantee will last a long time and will not cause trouble to the owners.

Types of structures

Dormer windows vary in material and design. There are blind closed double-glazed windows that can be made to order, or a standard version with opening sashes. The double-glazed window consists of a double layer of triplex with a gap of a special film that prevents fragments from flying around the room. The top layer of the glass unit is made of tempered glass, which has a large margin of safety.

Double-glazed windows for regions with different weather and temperature conditions are produced with different technical characteristics. For cold northern regions, it is preferable to choose a multilayer double-glazed window, with an inert gas pumped into each chamber to retain heat. For hot and sunny countries, it is recommended to buy double-glazed windows with reflective films, mirror and tinted coatings.

The frames are wooden - they are made of laminated veneer lumber, impregnated with antiseptic compounds and varnished for outdoor use.

Wooden beams are coated with polyurethane for strength. Natural material fits perfectly into the interior of a country house and country house.

Frames are available with plastic profile from PVC. This plastic is lightweight and has fire-resistant characteristics and is frost-resistant.

Aluminum metal profiles are widely used in public and office spaces.

Armored frames are also available for mansard structures - they are heavier and stronger than standard ones, and can withstand extreme mechanical and weather loads.

Opening mechanisms are available manual or automated remote control. There are windows with an upper axis of rotation, with a central axis, and with a raised axis. There are also two rotation axes on the frame, controlled by one handle. Opening occurs in two positions - folding and rotating.

“Smart” windows are controlled using a remote control or a wall-mounted keyboard, to which blinds or roller shutters, roller shutters, and curtains are also connected. It is possible to program it to close when it starts to rain, then the window closes to the “ventilation” position. Automation for windows can be integrated into the system " smart home", climate control system. When the temperature in the room rises critically, the doors will open electrically, and at the first drops of rain, a special sensor will give the command to close. The program controls processes during the absence of residents of the house, maintaining the set humidity and temperature indicators.

Facade or cornice double-glazed windows are placed at the junction of the facade and roof, combining the characteristics of ordinary windows and attic windows. They look very original and increase the flow of light entering the room.

You can buy a structure in the shape of a dormer window, only with transparent walls for more lighting.

When opened, the transforming window turns into a small comfortable balcony, but when closed it has a standard appearance.

Skylights are designed for installation on flat roofs and are designed with a special sloping frame to prevent the sun from shining directly into them.

Light tunnels are installed if there is an attic space above the attic. The window itself is mounted in the roof, a corrugated pipe is attached, which transmits the rays to the lampshade, which diffuses the flow of light.

Sizes and shapes

The shape of a standard inclined window is rectangular, but can also be square. The structure consists of a frame and sash, seal, fittings, and flashing. Standard frames are mounted on inclined flat roof slopes.

Arc or arched frames have a curved shape. They are designed for slopes of the appropriate shape, vaulted roofs.

Round windows are produced that look original and romantic in the interior.

Combined frames consist of two parts. The lower part is usually rectangular in shape. The top window is called an extension and can be either rectangular, triangular, or semicircular.

The sizes of windows and their dimensions depend on various individual parameters, angles and dimensions of the room and roof:

• the width of the frame is determined by the distance between the roof rafters;
• the height is calculated by placing the lower and upper levels of the window so that it is convenient to open and look into it;
• The angle of inclination of the roof is also taken into account.

The factories produce a wide range of products of standard dimensions.

If no option suits the client or he wants something exclusive, then there is the possibility of ordering. A surveyor from the office will come and take measurements for free, calculate the parameters, and draw up drawings. Large and curly shapes are made to order and various sizes frames.

In addition to the drawing, the attic arrangement project requires a diagram of the location of windows and a working estimate.

Necessary tools and components

In addition to the frames and double-glazed windows themselves, manufacturing companies produce various additional accessories and components for installation, protection during operation, opening control, and maintenance. These accessories can be internal or external; they change characteristics, add functionality, decorate and complete the composition. Installation is possible after window installation or during it.

External components:

• The flashing is mounted on top of the frame and protects the joint between the window and the roof from rainwater and other precipitation. For different types For roofing, salaries of different prices are selected, so salaries are not included in the cost of windows. To ensure maximum waterproofing of the window, the flashing is recessed into the roof covering by 6 cm. They are made in various shapes, including for cornices and ridges. Corresponding flashings are produced for different types of roofing. The higher the wave of the roofing covering, the higher the salary is purchased.
• Awnings shade the window opening and reduce light transmission, create coolness on hot summer days, protect from ultraviolet radiation, absorbing up to 65% of the light. Other advantages of awnings are the reduction of noise levels and the effect of rain. At the same time, the view when looking at the street through the awning mesh is not distorted.
• Roller shutters completely cover the opening and are an effective barrier to intruders, and also significantly reduce the level of noise coming from the street. Models of roller shutters are sold that are manually controlled by a rod or using a remote control powered by solar panels.
• Drives for automatic opening and closing operate on mains power or solar panels. They allow you to automate the process of controlling the movement of the valves.
• A mortise lock is an additional means of home security.

Internal accessories:

• The mosquito net is made of fiberglass and an aluminum frame and is installed along special guides that prevent the product from falling off during strong gusts of wind. The mesh completely transmits sunlight, but retains dust, insects, fluff and debris.
• Blinds are available in a wide range color scheme and allow you to change the angle and degree of lighting or can completely darken the room. Equipped with remote control systems.
• Roller blinds shade the room and are decorative element interior of rooms, hide the room from prying eyes. Pleated curtains look very attractive, giving the interior airiness and modern look. Coating applied on top roller blinds, reduces the temperature in the room in summer heat. Telescopic retractable rods are used to control and move curtains.

Curtains can be installed and fixed in any position thanks to special guides. The curtains are easy to care for and can be easily washed with detergents.

Additional accessories and fittings:

• The lower handles are installed for the convenience of manually opening high-positioned frames, while the upper handles are blocked. The handle is usually equipped with a lock.
• The telescopic rod and stick are manual means for operating shutters, blinds, mosquito nets and curtains. Intermediate elements for rods are sold, the prefabricated structure reaches a length of 2.8 m.
• Vapor and waterproofing kits are produced ready for installation, making installation quicker and easier.
• Ready-made PVC slopes are easily installed on the inside of the room and do not require painting.
• The factory package often includes corners for installation and fastening materials - galvanized nails. Also on the list is a vapor barrier apron, special sealant and adhesive tape.
• A drainage gutter, which must be installed above the window opening, serves to drain rainwater and condensate.

Films for gluing to glass with a mirror or tinting effect reduce the temperature in the attic in the summer and shade the room.

For installation work The following tools will be required:

• linear or circular saw or hacksaw;
• construction stapler;
• tape measure and level;
• screwdriver and fastening material;
• electric shears, nibblers, perforated for cutting metal;
• corrugated pliers;
• drill.

How to install it yourself?

It is recommended to install roof windows during the construction phase of the rafter system. This is a complex and time-consuming process that is best entrusted to professionals, but if necessary, installation can be carried out on your own, having necessary tool, skills and experience in the field of construction, knowledge of technology. The designs of different manufacturing companies are installed differently and have separate installation technology features.

Location is a very important aspect that affects the overall composition of the building, technical characteristics, proper functioning and service life of not only windows, but also the entire roof. It is necessary to take a house project with detailed dimensions, so that accurate calculations can be made.

There are certain rules for choosing the optimal and safe place.

• at the junction of horizontal surfaces;
• close to chimneys and ventilation outlets;
• on the slopes of the so-called valley, forming internal angles.

In these areas, the maximum accumulation of precipitation and condensation occurs, which greatly complicates operating conditions and increases the risk of fogging and leakage.

The height of the window openings from the floor level is determined by the height of the handle. If it is located at the top of the sash, then the optimal window height is 110 cm from the floor. At this height, it is convenient to open the sash manually. If the handle is located at the bottom of the glass, the height cannot be less than 130 cm, especially if children are in the attic, and the maximum height value is 170 cm. The middle position of the handle assumes that the window is installed at a height of 120-140 cm. The presence of heating systems should also be taken into account points - radiators under the windows. They are placed there to prevent condensation from forming. The steepness of the slopes also affects the location of the structure - the smaller the angle of inclination, the higher the window is placed.

The type and properties of the roofing material also determine the location. Soft or rolled material can be cut in the right place, but the tiles must be solid. In this case, the opening is located above a row of tiles.

The window seating depth has three standard values ​​provided by the manufacturer. On the outside of the window structure, special grooves are cut, marked with the letters N, V ​​and J, indicating different planting depths. Flashings for each depth are manufactured separately and provided with appropriate markings, where the depth is indicated by the last letter, for example, EZV06.

The frames are installed in the spaces between the rafters at a distance of 7-10 cm from them in order to lay the thermal insulation material. The rafter system ensures the strength of the roof, so it is undesirable to violate its integrity.

If the frame does not fit into the pitch of the rafters, it is better to install two smaller windows instead of one large one. When removing part of the rafter is still necessary, it is imperative to install a special horizontal beam for strength.

To calculate the dimensions of the opening, you need to add to the window dimensions a gap of 2-3.5 cm for laying insulation on four sides. Mineral wool is often used as a thermal insulation material. An installation gap is left between the opening and the roof cutout, the width of which is determined by the type of roofing material. For tiles, for example, it should be 9 cm. To avoid skewing the window when the house shrinks, the gap between the top beam and the roof is 4-10 cm.

Installation is preferable on rafters, but it is also possible on a special sheathing. The sheathing bars are installed between the rafters strictly horizontally in level. A drainage gutter is attached outside above the planned opening. It is mounted at an angle so that condensation flows freely onto the roof, bypassing the window. You can make such a gutter with your own hands by folding a piece of waterproofing fabric in half.

When all the dimensions have been calculated, you can draw and cut out the layout of the opening from plasterboard. On the finished waterproofing of the inside of the roof or on the trim, it is also necessary to draw an outline of the opening, drill several holes to relieve stress and prevent deformation. Then saw through with a band saw or circular saw cross two stripes and cut off the resulting triangles, adjust the edges strictly according to the outline. The waterproofing is cut through with the same envelope and wrapped outward, attaching it to the sheathing.

If metal tiles, slate, corrugated sheets or sheet iron are used as the roofing material, then an opening is cut from the outside using a similar technology. If the roof is covered with tiles, you should first disassemble the covering and then cut it out. Lay the heat insulator and shoot it with a stapler to the mounting bars. After all the work has been completed, the dismantled roofing elements are returned to their place.

Before installing the frame in the prepared opening, you need to remove the glass unit and remove the flashing. Mounting brackets are included and come in different styles from different manufacturers. They are also attached in different ways: some on the rafters, others on the rafters and on the sheathing. Mounting angles are also included in the standard kit; they are equipped with a measuring ruler for correctly adjusting the position of the frame in the opening. Screws and galvanized nails are used as fastening materials.

The frame without a glass unit must be installed in place in the window opening and adjust the position of the lower edge of the box, screw the lower brackets until they stop. It is better to leave the upper fasteners with some play and not tighten them all the way to facilitate subsequent adjustments. Experts advise inserting the sash into the frame to check for a tight fit and correct gaps. At this stage, all levels, angles and distances are checked, inaccuracies are corrected, and the frame is adjusted into place using plastic corners. In the future, correction of distortions will be impossible. After adjustment, the sash is carefully removed again so as not to damage the hinges.

After adjustment and adjustment, the brackets are screwed tightly and a waterproofing apron is laid around the box, the top of the apron is placed under the drainage gutter, one edge of the apron is stapled to the frame, and the other is placed under the sheathing. Thermal insulation is attached along the side parts of the frame.

The installation of the flashing must be carried out strictly according to the manufacturer's instructions. It varies among different brands, and their equipment also varies. In any case, the lower part of the flashing is installed first, then the side elements, and then the upper part, and only at the end the overlays are installed.

On the inside, the finishing of the window and installation of ready-made factory slopes are carried out. Their correct position is such that the lower slope should look horizontally, and the upper slope should look strictly vertical, otherwise the convection of warm air around the window structure will be disrupted and unwanted condensation will appear. The slopes are secured mainly by snapping them onto special locks.

Plastic

Dormer window structures from plastic pvc profiles are offered by all major well-known manufacturing companies. Due to the properties of plastic, the line of such products is used in rooms with high humidity levels and in regions with a humid climate. A good solution is to install a transformable PVC window. When the lower door is opened, a small balcony is formed. Plastic frames are also used to glaze complex structures, for example, balconies and loggias in gables; if desired or if there are beautiful views, the entire section of the gable from floor to ceiling can be made glass.

These frames have several fixation positions; their opening mechanism is along the central axis. Double-glazed windows with tempered glass can withstand significant mechanical loads and even the weight of a person. For comfortable ventilation, ventilation valves with special removable filters are provided; they are designed to clean the air in the room when the windows are closed.

The service life of plastic frames with regular inspection and preventive maintenance is at least 30 years. There is no need to constantly tint them.

Wooden

The most popular material for attic frames is wood. Since wood absorbs moisture, swells, and dries out under the influence of the sun, such material should not be used without special protective measures. Basically, they use northern pine, the reliability and strength of which has been tested for centuries, solid or laminated veneer lumber. It is impregnated with antiseptics and covered with a double layer of varnish. In this case, the tree will not rot, will not become deformed, and will become durable. Some manufacturers coat pine timber with monolithic polyurethane. This coating increases the service life of the box and gives it additional strength.

The main advantage of wood is environmental friendliness and safety for human health. Thanks to the beautiful natural texture, enhanced by varnish, it looks natural and harmonious in the interior, emphasizing the atmosphere of a country house. These windows are the most affordable and have the widest range of models and varieties, fastenings and opening mechanisms. These frames can be either vertical and installed in a dormer window in the roof, or inclined for installation on roof slopes at an angle. They are perfect for offices, bedrooms, living rooms and children's rooms.

Metal

Aluminum attic frames are used mainly in offices, hospitals, and administrative buildings for various purposes. They have a rigid, durable structure, relatively light weight, and can withstand strong and sudden temperature changes - from -80 to + 100 degrees.

The metal profile is of cold and warm type.

You can choose the most suitable shade from the rich palette of colors in which metal profiles are painted. During operation, they do not require any preventive maintenance, except for glass washing.

Installing attic window structures is a labor-intensive and responsible task. Experienced specialists share many years of experience and give valuable advice on their correct installation in order to avoid errors and errors during installation, as well as on preventive care for them so that they serve reliably for as long as possible.

• Failure by the buyer to comply with the manufacturer's instructions when self-installation may result in loss of warranty rights.
• When accepting a window delivered from a factory or store, you should carefully inspect it for integrity and compliance with configuration, size, identification of visual defects and damage to packaging. In case of non-compliance with the requirements, the acceptance certificate should not be signed.
• It is not recommended to use foam for installation. In this case, only special insulating sealants are needed. Polyurethane foam will not provide waterproofing, and when it hardens and expands, it will create additional load on the frame and can move structural elements and jam the sash.

Before installing the frame, be sure to remove the sash from the frame so as not to damage the hinges. After the box is in its place in the opening, its position is adjusted, and the sash is put back.

• After installing the box, you should insulate it by carefully tucking mineral wool around the window and be sure to lay it under the slopes.
• The adjustment is made at the stage of attaching the box, and only then the fastenings are tightened until they stop. At subsequent stages of installation, correction of the position of the box is impossible.
• When purchasing, you must check the packaging, the compatibility of all components and structural parts, check the dimensions with the project or drawing, and draw up an agreement in which you indicate all the nuances of the order.
• Products must be certified and have all accompanying and warranty documents, as well as detailed instructions for installation and proper operation.
• Fastening the box to the rafters is much stronger, but when mounted on the sheathing it is easier to align the frame.

Well-known manufacturers and reviews

The most famous and large companies, which are leading in construction market roof windows and accessories for them, offer customers high-quality certified products, as well as additional accessories and means of preventive treatment of windows during the entire service life.

Danish company Velux has been working in the Russian Federation since 1991. Unique developments and inventions have made this manufacturer one of the leaders of brands represented in Russia. In addition to the main products, the company offers customers a full range of components and accessories that are fully compatible with windows. Innovative material used by the company for production wooden frames– northern pine, proven over centuries of use in Europe, impregnated with antiseptic compounds and coated with monolithic polyurethane or a double layer of varnish.

Among the numerous patented inventions, one can note a unique ventilation system equipped with thin filters and a special window-valve built into the opening handle for comfortable ventilation.

The “warm perimeter” glazing, which uses energy-saving double-glazed windows filled with argon, is equipped with a steel dividing strip. Thanks to it, condensation does not form along the perimeter of the window.

No drafts or cracks, a three-level sealing system, silicone instead of sealant, only innovative and proven materials - all this is provided by the company's products. According to the results of examinations, Velux windows can withstand frosts down to –55 degrees and are recommended for installation in northern regions.

The main line of Velux models is produced in large and medium sizes.

German windows Roto first appeared in 1935. The products of this company are made from high-quality plastic multi-chamber PVC profile. The windows of this company are small and medium in size. Standard sizes– 54x78 and 54x98. All the best properties of the material of Roto products are ideal for the climatic conditions of our country, sudden changes in weather, and a large amount of precipitation.

It is possible to install piston electric drives on Roto sashes, which prevent the window from slamming shut; you can control the sashes using a remote control or a smart home system. Installation is allowed not only to the rafters, but also to the sheathing; models are available that are mounted without first removing the sash. The products of this company receive excellent reviews from both construction specialists and owners of private houses who have been using German windows for many years.

Company Fakro has been producing structures for 10 years, which undergo more than 70 different inspections and tests before sale. Raw materials and components are also tested for strength and other parameters. The outside of the structure is protected by linings.

You can decorate the frame from the inside by snapping the factory-ready slope to the branded locks. Control is possible using a wall-mounted keyboard, remote controls, from a smartphone via the Internet or manually.

To make it easier to work with its products, this manufacturer has developed mobile applications, conducts regular training seminars for builders and review television programs. To carry out custom qualified installation of windows, there are certified teams, as well as official service centers for repair and preventive maintenance of products. There is a lifetime warranty on glass units and spare parts. Replacement of these components is absolutely free, regardless of service life and cause of damage. The creation of such an infrastructure for ease of purchase and service allowed the company to gain well-deserved popularity and become one of the leaders in the Russian market.

Successful examples and options

​​​​​​Designers and architects create impressive buildings - true works of architectural art, which combine impressiveness with modern openness and lightness of interiors. The variety of complex fantasy forms and the boldness of the solutions for dormer windows amazes the imagination. Rapid development construction technologies and innovation allows you to design unusual attics that reflect the personality and taste of the owners.

When making repairs in the attic, the owners also think about the decorative design of window openings. Hanging heavy curtains in such interiors is undesirable. It is better to give preference to light curtains, blinds, and roller shutters. A harmonious combination of shades will create a modern, light and cozy interior.

The attic is a part of the house that has recently become more and more actively used as a living space. The solution has a number of obvious benefits, although many owners are faced with the problem of creating an optimal microclimate indoors. One of the main elements of space are windows in the attic, which allow not only to improve the aesthetic component of a house or cottage, but also to expand the possibilities for active use additional housing.

A dormer window is a structure located on the roof, which simultaneously acts as a wall of the room. Based on the specific conditions and wishes of the owner, such a window can be presented in different options and sizes, differing not only in cost, but also in technical characteristics.

Aesthetic design of the attic room

Location options and their differences

Depending on their location, roof windows are divided into inclined and vertical. Installation of vertical ones is carried out on gables or in attic roof openings specially prepared for this. As for the inclined ones, they are placed on the roof slopes at an angle of inclination of 15-900 degrees.

Compared to vertical ones, such structures provide greater penetration of light into the room. It is important to remember that they should be positioned so that the distance from the floor to the bottom of the block is about 80-100 cm, and from the floor to the top - about 180-200 cm.

Oblique option

Please note: According to SNiP requirements, the glazing surface must be at least 10% of the area of ​​the floor.

Design features and variety of choices

Convenient opening and comfort of use

Windows in the attic also differ in their design features, for which the following characteristic is used:

1. Cornices are relevant in those attics where there is a high wall. Below, under the main sash, there is another, additional component with a vertical arrangement.
2. Balcony - there is a connection of an inclined and vertical component, which in this case acts as a balcony parapet.
3. Sloping, having a lower element - the lower block in such windows is blind; only the upper section is intended for opening.
4. Light tunnel - used in situations where there is another room above the attic, in which, in fact, a window is installed. The room is illuminated through a tunnel-pipe with a reflective effect located at the outlet of the lampshade.
5. Extensions are upper elements that perform a primarily decorative function. They have excellent aesthetic properties, fitting harmoniously into the interior of any attic. The design can be different, but often it is a round, semicircular or triangular window.

Plastic or wooden frames

The following is inherent in plastic window blocks:

• durable and reliable design;
• high tightness of the installed product;
• the ability to rotate the glass unit around its axis for more comfortable washing;
• unpretentiousness in maintenance;
• no need for periodic staining;
• long period of operation;
• variety of colors and sizes;
• acceptable cost.

As for wooden attic windows, they are characterized by the following aspects:

• environmental safety and cleanliness;
• free microcirculation of air;
• high aesthetic indicators;
• higher pricing policy;
• the need for painting and more complex maintenance;
• service life depends on the degree of care of the window unit;
• Possibility of trouble-free repairs during use.

Types of windows depending on the opening method

Depending on the option used for opening the sashes, the following types of dormer windows are distinguished:

• rotary with an axis in the center - the most popular option, in which the sash can be rotated on both sides, which greatly simplifies the maintenance of the entire structure;
• attic hatch - the opening of the sash runs along one of the side axes;
• raised axle – located in the upper section window frame, which allows you to open the sash up and forward;
• lower axis - with this arrangement the sash opens forward. A combined design is also possible, with the ability to unfold the doors.

Types of windows by opening method

Please note: the market also offers electric windows, which can be opened/closed using a remote control. Among other things, they are equipped with rain sensors that automatically close the sash when the first drops hit.

For lovers of comfortable solutions

Choosing a location for installing the unit

Choosing the correct location plays a significant role in subsequent operation, positively affecting the reliability of the window installed in the attic and its durability. Experts do not recommend installation in the following places:

• along the slopes of the valley, as this will cause precipitation to accumulate around the window;
• in close proximity to chimneys and ventilation systems, which is associated with the formation of condensate;
• near the border with horizontal walls, which can lead to shading of the attic window and accumulation of precipitation around it.

In general, you should not locate window openings near any components of the roofing system.

In addition, when choosing a location, it is important to consider a number of the following factors:

• Type of roofing - rolled roofing can be cut without special problems in any place, which cannot be said, for example, about tiles. The window structure must be placed so that its top line is higher than the row of intact tiles; if necessary, you need to disassemble a section of tiles, subsequently laying shaped or cut elements on the window frame.
• The step of laying the rafters - it is highly not recommended to violate the integrity of the rafter complex, selecting windows with the possibility of installing them between individual elements with a margin of 7-10 cm. Thermal insulation material will be laid in it. If necessary, it is better to install 2-3 small windows instead of one large one. If there is a need to partially remove rafters, window unit To give the entire structure the required strength, it should be supplemented with a horizontal beam.
• The location of the handles on the window - they can be installed at the top or bottom. In any case, there should be unhindered and free access to them without the slightest discomfort.
• Heating location – it is worth remembering to install the heating device directly under the attic window. This will prevent condensation from forming.

Please note: when choosing an option with a remote control, you should immediately take care of laying the cable to the mounted window unit.

Original design with a small rafter pitch

Installation activities and their order

Installing windows in the attic is not a very complicated process and does not require special knowledge or specialized tools. Everything can be done independently, it is only important to adhere to the correct sequence of actions and not be too hasty.

Preparing the opening for subsequent installation

Marking and preparatory work

The range of preparatory activities includes the following:

• choosing the location of the future window - in this case, it is worth taking into account not only the features of the roof and the design of the window itself, but also the convenience of its subsequent use. In addition, the installation site must have good access to sunlight;
• dismantling the sheathing - the work is carried out from the inside, alternately cutting off the roofing cake in accordance with the markings;
• removal of roofing materials – we're talking about about cutting the installed heat, sound and vapor barrier, for which a sharp knife or cutter is used. The loose edges of the coverings are fixed with nails with large heads or a construction stapler;
• dismantling the roof under the windows in the attic - you should be extremely careful, avoiding damage to nearby areas. The edges of the steel material must be coated with an anti-corrosion substance;
• size verification - final check of compliance of the dimensions of the opening and the window block with the subsequent installation of the frame.
• Please note: the slope of the frame must exactly correspond to the angle that the roof has, without the slightest discrepancy.

Features of installing a window frame

Installation of the window frame is carried out in the following order:

• fastening the frame in the opening - for this use the supplied mounting screws or self-tapping screws. Practice shows that a standard mounting kit is quite sufficient, but if necessary, additional fixing strips can be used;
• installation of a double-glazed window - it is put in place and secured using special beads;
• waterproofing - at this stage, the integrity of the damaged waterproofing cake is restored by gluing all joints using a special insulating tape. The roofing material is fastened in the usual way;
• fixing the platbands - they put the platbands and slopes in place, giving the roof window structure an aesthetic and complete look;
• opening adjustment - in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions, tighten the adjusting bolts for smooth operation of the mechanism.

Frame adjustment for trouble-free opening

Offers from the best manufacturers

Various modifications and types of roof windows under the following brands are in greatest demand among domestic consumers:

1. Velux is a Danish manufacturer and recognized leader industry market. The products are characterized by a well-thought-out and well-executed design. Combined with high quality components, this guarantees efficient operation even in the most difficult conditions.
2. Fakro is a product from Poland that is environmentally friendly and safe. Such windows can be made of either wood or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The constant introduction of the latest technical developments and innovative solutions allows us to obtain the final product of the highest quality.
3. Roto are German windows for installation in the attic, demonstrating excellent anti-vandal properties. It is not possible to open them from the outside. The reinforced profile is not afraid of even significant impacts and loads, which, in combination with tempered glass glass unit guarantees excellent burglary resistance.

The main advantages of inclined roof windows

As for the advantages, the following ones deserve the most attention:

• illumination – the inclined arrangement guarantees excellent illumination of the attic space;
• versatility - placement is possible almost anywhere and without compromising the integrity of the roof;
• rationality - such windows in no way affect the reduction of free space in the attic itself;
• assortment – ​​a variety of available variations, both in configuration and color, allows you to choose the optimal look for each specific situation;
• safety – use of special window systems possible in the most difficult operating and climatic conditions;
• comfort – a range of additional accessories guarantees maximum comfort and convenience at any time of the year;
• reliability - provided that the installation work is carried out correctly, a long service life is guaranteed with full preservation of the main technical and operational characteristics.

Operation in the most difficult conditions

Sloping windows in the attic are an element that is becoming increasingly relevant. The relative simplicity of installation work, which can be done on your own, also contributes to the growth of popularity. But it’s better to entrust the calculations to professionals - thanks to this, you will be able to save precious time, money and gain confidence that everything will be done correctly, on time and on time. high level.

Video: installation of a roof window

Many owners of country houses are trying to turn the attic into a full-fledged living space. One of the requirements for such premises is access to fresh air, as well as the proper level of illumination. Installing a window in the roof can solve both problems at once. This solution is very popular today and most often owners prefer to hire third-party contractors for this task, although this can be done independently. So, how to install a roof window?

Installation of roof windows

The following components are most often included in the delivery package:

• awning or roller shutters for external shading;
• salary for protection from negative atmospheric influences;
• the window itself is a closed hermetically sealed system;
• waterproofing sealant;
• internal slopes.

Of course, you can also find more modest sets on sale, but it is recommended to choose the option with built-in curtains. Due to the fact that the structure itself will be located at an angle, classical means of darkening may not be effective.

Planning and calculations

Installation of a roof window in finished roof must begin with the planning stage. First of all, you will need to calculate the required dimensions. The formula for calculation is quite simple: 1 square meter of glazing for every 10 square meters of room.

It is also necessary to choose the correct height at which the windows will be installed. The location of the skylights should be selected in such a way that the lower part of the frame rises 1-1.5 meters above the floor level.

Choosing a location for installing a roof window in a metal tile or soft roof and dimensions should be done in such a way as to avoid, if possible, affecting the rafter system during installation. The dimensions should allow the window frame to be mounted between the rafters and leave a margin of about 10 cm.

Work plan and tools

Whether it is installing a roof window in a soft roof or metal tiles, for any option, the installation instructions are as follows:

• opening preparation;
• frame installation;
• heat and waterproofing;
• preparation of the drainage system;
• installation of flashing parts;
• installation of double-glazed windows;
• interior finishing, including installation of slopes and vapor barrier.

Installing skylights with your own hands is quite a feasible task, but the master will not be able to do it without a suitable tool:

• screwdriver and screws;
• wooden slats and beams;
• level;
• nails;
• materials for heat and waterproofing.

Window installation

Once the location for installing the skylights has been selected, the planned work site should be marked in advance. Following the outline, several holes are made in the material for unloading materials. roofing pie– this will help avoid damaging them in the process. Cut the opening using a circular saw or band saw. It is important to cut diagonally, and not along the contour, then cut off the vertices of the resulting triangles and only after that form an opening.

Special mention should be made of the work with roofing material. Installation of roof windows in metal tiles is carried out in the same way as in the case of corrugated sheets or sheet iron. If we are talking about skylights in a seam roof or similar materials, then the casing will first need to be disassembled.

Frame installation and adjustment

Important: for safety reasons, frames are mounted without glass. It can only be established in the final stages.

When installing a frame for roof windows, you should immediately carefully fasten the lower brackets, but you should not tighten the fastening of the upper ones to the end - this will then help you adjust the sash more easily. This is done using a level. If any deviations in the inserted window are found, they should be eliminated using plastic corners - these spare parts are often included in the delivery kit. It is also recommended to briefly insert the glass into the frame to check the quality of the installation. Once the adjustment is completed, tighten the screws.

Insulation and drainage

After the fasteners are securely wrapped, thermal and waterproofing material will need to be laid around the frame for greater tightness. The waterproofing apron is fixed using a stapler.

The drainage gutter is made at the top of the frame. Two pieces are cut out of the sheathing directly above the opening to fit the size of the drainage gutter. A piece of waterproofing material is also prepared of similar sizes. The gutter is inserted under the cuttings of waterproofing and attached to the sheathing. It must be installed at an angle, otherwise sealing will suffer - rainwater can go out the window.

Today, two main types of flashing are used for different rebates. The first is used to work with flat roofing material, the second - with wavy ones. Companies engaged in the manufacture of skylights include the frame in the production package. The principle of working with both types is identical.

The first step is to attach the lower part of the dormer window frame. It should be installed in such a way that the waterproofing apron extends both beyond the frame itself and beyond the roofing sheets. Then you should move on to the side components. The edges of these elements must be laid on the frame itself.

The seal is laid along the outer part of the frame. Most often, it, fasteners and all other components are included in the package, but in some cases they will have to be purchased later. In any case, after these steps, you should carefully check everything for accuracy and strength, because Replacing or repairing roof windows, if necessary, will cause a lot of trouble.

Installation of double-glazed windows and interior finishing

At the next stage of installing roof windows, you will need to return the double-glazed window to the frame. This is done quite simply, but the technology depends on the manufacturer, so the process itself is comprehensively described in the manual.

Also, the interior decoration of the skylights should not cause problems - it all depends on personal preferences. In addition, many manufacturers also add special cladding solutions to the set of roof windows. Most often, the kit includes sealant, a miter box and a template. Such templates are equally good at installing and removing, if necessary.

As alternative option Ordinary drywall can also be used, but in this case mechanical mounting structures should be abandoned.

Features of attic window insulation

Separate mention should be made about working with insulation on the roof. Very often, improper insulation of roof windows results in many problems with its operation. Many inexperienced builders prefer to use conventional foam for insulation. This should not be done: expansion of the material can lead to distortions and problems with insulation. The right technology During installation, we recommend using materials in the form of stone wool mats with a long service life.

As an additional measure, it is highly recommended to install heating devices under the attic window. The flow of warm air will equally warm up the window slopes and protect from condensation. Metal elements should not be used for installing insulation - they can form cold bridges.

This is all you need to know about installing a roof window in a soft roof or tile. Despite the apparent complexity, the process itself is quite simple and requires not so much skill as time.