Types of wooden window frames. Features of wooden windows with double-glazed windows: designs, types, price

Fashion for natural materials is rapidly sweeping the entire world. Wooden windows are again at the peak of popularity. Of course, modern window designs cannot be compared with analogues from the “past”. Since in the process of their production innovative raw materials and the latest technologies are used, which makes the models more reliable, beautiful and durable.

Is it worth ordering wooden windows and which ones are better to choose? What does a Eurowindow consist of? How to properly install and care for a natural system - read right now!

Wooden windows: an overview of the pros and cons

Why is a wooden window, which appeared several thousand years ago, still in demand in the construction industry? Because it has a rich set of advantages.

Let's consider the main pros wooden windows:

• Long service life– provided that it is properly processed, it will please the owners for decades.
• Environmental friendliness– wood is absolutely harmless to humans and the environment.

• Breathability– wooden windows “breathe”, which ensures natural air exchange in the room. This way, a comfortable level of fresh air and moisture is maintained in the room, and condensation does not appear.
• Thermal insulation – natural wood It is distinguished by low thermal conductivity, so even in severe frosts it perfectly retains heat indoors.

• Aesthetics– thanks to the beautiful color and unique natural pattern, the windows look aristocratically noble, expensive and fashionable. They fit harmoniously into such interior styles as: Provence, eco-style, classic, Scandinavian, modern and fusion.
• Reliability– modern structures are protected from rotting, as well as mold, mildew and other harmful formations.
• Wide selection of colors and shapes– thanks to the variety of wood species and color scheme coatings can be selected perfect option for any room design. As for the configuration, windows are produced in the form of: arch, rectangle, ellipse, triangle, etc.

Another reason to buy wooden windows is they create a warm and cozy atmosphere in the house, which PVC analogues certainly cannot boast of.

The disadvantages of the products include: high cost and the need for regular maintenance.

What are wooden euro windows made of?

Basic components:

• Frame- the main load-bearing part of the structure, which is traditionally made from dried laminated veneer lumber. This box is protected from deformation and drying out.
• Sash– an opening window component. According to the opening method, it can be: rotary, tilting, sliding, transom, hinged and tilt-and-turn. There are also models with a window and without sashes, which are called blind.

• Double-glazed window– a structure consisting of several glasses. You can order a double-glazed window made of 2 glasses (single-chamber); 3 glasses (two-chamber); 4 glasses (three-chamber).
• Impost– a crossbar that divides the window into parts, thus increasing the stability and rigidity of the structure.

• Accessories– hinges, locking mechanisms, rotation limiters, handles, latches, etc.
• Sealant– a rubber layer that ensures the tightness of the system.
• Drainage profile– attached to the sash and frame, designed to remove precipitation.
• Layout– decorative slats dividing the glass surface into parts. This gives the model individuality and elegance.

The package also includes: window sill, slopes and ebb.

If you want to increase the strength and reliability of your window, order wooden double-glazed windows with tempered, armored or low-commission glass. To add originality - tinted or models with a mirror effect.

Wooden windows: types of designs

The choice of modifications for wooden windows is so huge that it allows us to satisfy the needs of even the most demanding client.

Which types of structures there are:

Russian

Consists of one frame and 2 glazed doors that open sequentially and have a width of up to 40 mm. Made from pine. The sash does not fit tightly to the window due to the inability to install several seals. Subject to deformation.

German

It is called so because of the presence of fittings from European manufacturers. Installed around the perimeter of the sash. The window, equipped with double-glazed windows, is adjustable, has a tilt-and-turn opening type and many locking mechanisms. It is reliable, durable, warm and durable (from 70 years).

Finnish

A window with a wide frame (up to 18 cm), synchronously opening sashes, where the outer one is equipped with ordinary glass, and the inner one with double-glazed windows. It opens only horizontally; there are vents for ventilation.

French

Panoramic window opening outwards and inwards. It gives the room a sea of ​​light, visually expands the space, and is made mainly from larch, oak or pine.

Norwegian

The type of construction that stands out: wide cross-section (11 cm); triple sealing contour; the presence of a sash with a double-glazed window and an additional one made of aluminum with plain glass. The main feature: the window opens inward, but the aluminum part allows it to swing outward.

English

Solid frame with binding inside. The doors rise upward, sometimes they move sideways. These wooden windows are recommended for apartments with a small area.

Deaf

Models without sashes. They do not require fittings, so they are cheaper than their opening counterparts.

Bivalve

They have 2 doors (blind and opening), made from laminated veneer lumber. Are in high demand.

Single leaf

Pivot windows open only horizontally and, as a rule, into the room. Tilt-and-turn type - in two directions: horizontally and vertically.

With impost

Impost is used in window structures with more than one sash. The doors are pressed against this profile and the fittings are attached.

Shtulpovaya

A structure without an impost, the doors of which open outward. When open, it provides a better view of the views outside the window.

Aluminum-wood

Window structure with an aluminum base and wooden slats (ash, oak, beech). Wooden inserts completely cover the profile with inside premises, which makes them presentable. Such models are not cheap, so they are extremely difficult to find.

Wood-aluminum

Wood-aluminum windows are wooden structures, sheathed on the outside with aluminum. Such models are stronger and more durable, but also more expensive.

Materials for making wooden windows

Manufacturing companies most often offer wooden windows with double-glazed windows made of the following materials:

Pine

The most common type of wood, which:

• provides a pleasant microclimate due to the passage of more than 20 cubic meters of air per day;
• eliminates harmful microbes with the help of phytoncides contained in pine needles;
• lasts at least 50 years (if treated with special protective agents);
• has good sound insulation properties.

These wooden windows are ideal for apartments.

Larch

It is worth ordering a larch window structure because it:

• has excellent resistance to temperature changes, humidity, rotting;
• not susceptible to fungus and mold;
• does not require treatment with an antiseptic, because natural resin gives the tree bactericidal properties;
• due to its high strength, it can withstand significant loads;
• does not deform even at very low temperatures;
• when exposed to moisture it becomes even stronger;
• has a beneficial effect on human immunity;
• has a warm golden-honey hue.

Choose the following wooden windows for your dacha: country house and apartments.

Oak

The most expensive material. Why?

Because oak windows:

• have a positive effect on a person’s physical and emotional state;
• do not rot, do not deteriorate from moisture and are not susceptible to fungal formations;
• have high noise and heat insulation properties;
• serve more than 90 years;
• belong to sound rocks, which are famous for their very high strength;
• They have a porous structure, due to which they provide good ventilation to the room.

Oak has a rich pattern and beautiful texture, which acquire an even more noble appearance over the years. These windows are suitable for installation in residential and commercial buildings.

Conclusion: the most affordable window is made of pine (but it “does not like” high humidity), the most expensive and reliable is oak. The golden mean is products made from larch - affordable price, excellent quality.

Features of installing wooden windows

During installation note:

• Opening should match the shape of the box, and also be 2-4 cm wider and 5-7 cm higher.
• Installation in progress by level using foam and fasteners.
• To protect external gaps from moisture, you need to cover them waterproofing and platband.
• To make a design warmer, it is necessary to fill the gaps between the frame and the opening.
• A day after installation you can do it slopes(plastic, gypsum, plastered, cork, etc.).

How to properly care?

To wooden product lasted a long time needed:

• Use only special means wood care product or soap solution.
• If the coating is damaged process immediately place with polish or varnish.
• About once every 10 years update paintwork.
• Annually lubricate accessories.
• As it gets dirty clean seal and fittings.

If it is not possible to purchase such a design, choose plastic windows that look like wood. But remember that only wooden windows will provide a comfortable microclimate in a luxurious design.

In production wooden windows use the materials themselves High Quality, which makes such window blocks highly reliable and durable. Currently, wooden windows and fittings are created using high-tech equipment and meet all the requirements for ease of use and high heat and sound insulation characteristics. In addition, they are distinguished Beautiful design, as well as the ability to give the window profile any color. It is customary to divide windows by design and type of opening of double-glazed windows.

Types of windows by design

Russian windows

This design has one window frame with side-opening sashes, the thickness of which does not exceed 40 mm. Two inner doors open towards you, two outer ones away from you. The design of such windows is easily subject to deformation when exposed to high humidity and frequent temperature changes.

The small width of the profile does not allow milling, so it will not be possible to install the sealing tape in a circle. Because of this, the sashes in a Russian window do not fit tightly to the frame.

The hinges and handles supplied in the kit do not have the ability to adjust the shutters in different positions. Russian window blocks do not provide external protection against water flowing into the apartment.

German wooden windows

These window units are equipped with European fittings with the ability to tilt and turn the sashes. Among the obvious advantages over Russian windows: durability, tightness and warmth. German windows are easy to clean, because... Only 4 glasses are in direct access, not 8.

German windows are also called Euro-windows. They are equipped with a frame, doors and many locking mechanisms. In most cases, double-glazed windows are used.

The production uses laminated veneer lumber with a thickness of 68-78-88 mm, which allows for multi-profile compaction. Such windows have a long service life (about 65 years). The wood fibers in a German window block are glued in different directions, which means they do not deform or dry out over time.

Wooden-aluminum windows

This is a German window, sheathed on the outside with aluminum. Such a Euro window does not need to be restored from the street. .

Aluminum-wood windows

In such a window aluminum frame hidden behind a wooden profile made of ash, oak or beech. Aluminum lightens the weight of the window unit, and natural wood adds beauty and warmth. In Russia, their popularity is low due to their high price.

Finnish windows

These window units are equipped with two sashes that can open together or separately. You can vary the opening method using a special mechanism installed between the doors. The Finnish window has a wide frame up to 180 mm. The inner sash is equipped with a single-chamber frame, and the outer sash, made of wood or aluminum, is equipped with simple glass.

Finnish window blocks are made not from laminated veneer lumber, but from solid wood. The small cross-section of such a window (40x40 mm) does not allow for tight clamping of the fittings around the perimeter, which is why Finnish windows are not tilt-and-turn.

Types of windows according to the type of glass opening

Deaf

These wooden windows do not have fittings, which means they cannot be opened. This feature is reflected in the cost of blind window blocks - they are the most inexpensive compared to others. Several double-glazed windows can be installed, and an impost between them. If you install such a window on the ground floor and in a room that has other windows, then there will be no problems with cleaning and ventilating the room.

Tilt-and-turn and rotary, single-leaf

Such windows open into the room (it is rare to find external method). A pivoting single-hung window has one sash that opens in the classic way - horizontally. The tilt and turn can be folded vertically.

Fixed and tilt-and-turn, double-leaf

The most popular type of windows, the design of which includes two sashes. One does not open, the second opens in the two ways mentioned above.

Rotary and tilt-and-turn with impost, double-leaf

An impost is a wooden profile that divides a window into two or more parts. The doors are hung on both sides of it. You can open both doors at once or just one, either one. The price of this window is higher than the previous one.

Rotary and tilt-and-turn with a frame, double-leaf

There are no partitions in such windows when open doors will not be. The frame is fixed on the outside of the window and is not noticeable. Its main purpose is to fasten and seal the valves in the closed position. The second sash, which does not have a handle or tilt-and-turn fittings, can only be opened when the first one is open.

Despite their great popularity, wooden windows with double-glazed windows are in steady consumer demand. Manufacturers offer various designs, differing in appearance, performance characteristics and cost. We invite you to get acquainted with the possible options. This will make it easier for you to choose the best one.

Read in the article

The use of wooden windows with double-glazed windows in construction

Wood is an environmentally friendly product that can be used to decorate any premises. The choice in favor of wooden windows can be made during the construction of an office or office space. Manufacturers offer products with various designs and designs. You can choose the frame suitable color, depending on the building as a whole.

Attention! The choice in favor of wooden windows with double-glazed windows can be made during the construction of new buildings and the reconstruction of existing ones.

Features of the production of wooden windows with double-glazed windows

The production process is quite labor-intensive and complex. It is assumed that special equipment and tools will be used. Making such a window system with your own hands is quite difficult. We suggest watching the following videos to better understand the intricacies of the process:

Components of wooden windows with double glazing

A modern window system has a complex design, which assumes the presence of a number of elements. Their characteristics have a significant impact on the quality of the finished wooden block. The main elements are usually:

• glass unit There are 2–4 glasses in a separate frame, arranged parallel to each other. High thermal insulation characteristics of a double-glazed window are ensured due to the tightness of the connection between the glass and the frame;
• wooden profile after special treatment;
• fittings, the quality of which determines the service life and reliability of the wooden structure;
• aluminum profiles ensuring timely drainage of water. Attached to the bottom of the frame from the outside. Provide the necessary level of protection from adverse weather conditions;
• , thanks to which a sufficient level of tightness of the structure as a whole is ensured. Special grooves are provided for their installation;
• additional elements that allow you to design window hole. These include , .

The noise insulation characteristics of a wooden block will depend on the tightness of the structure as a whole and the double-glazed window in particular. To make the latter, glass of various thicknesses can be used. The outer glass is most often thicker. This makes it possible to increase the soundproofing characteristics of the system.

In addition to thickness, the thermal conductivity of glass is important. To reduce the value of this parameter and improve performance characteristics double-glazed windows use special spraying or. The air chambers are filled with argon. The result is an energy-saving design that allows you to retain heat inside the house.

Design features of wooden windows with different types of double-glazed windows

The construction and design of wooden windows can vary significantly depending on what type they are. We invite you to get acquainted with classical, English, Norwegian and Finnish windows so that you clearly understand them distinctive features.

Classic Russian and English windows

Traditionally, Russian structures are made from solid wood. They can consist of separate sashes or have a paired frame, which involves connecting two frames with bolts. Such structures are practically not equipped with double-glazed windows. Preference is most often given to double or single glass.

Leading manufacturers of wooden windows with double glazing

In order not to doubt the quality of the chosen system, you should give preference to products from leading manufacturers. This will also affect the cost of a wooden window. Thus, the Belarusian “Grotli”, “Gris R” and a number of other systems are equipped with cheap fittings, therefore they have an affordable price, but also low strength characteristics.

Among Russian manufacturers, the products of the following companies belong to the middle price category: “Krona”, “ Cozy home", "Window Factory", "Windows Economy" and several others. Products from “Meranti Windows” or “Zlato Okna” will cost more. But the quality of the fittings and wood in this case will be much higher.

To ensure that the installed window system lasts as long as possible, pay attention to Italian products Albertini or Molaro, as well as German Eurowindows Dream Doors, Kneer, Unilux.

How to choose wooden windows with double-glazed windows: recommendations from our editors

In order for the installed structure to fulfill its assigned function, a wooden window with a double-glazed window must meet a number of requirements. We invite you to get acquainted with the recommendations, following which you will definitely do right choice.

Multi-leaf and single-hung casement windows

Choice between single and multi-leaf swing structures depends on the width of the opening. For their manufacture, a profile with a thickness of 68–90 mm is used. The sash can perform a rotary, tilting or tilt-and-turn movement.

If the opening is large, the number of sashes increases. Most often, there are two of them. Such systems can be with separate or paired doors. The latter are very rare.

Sliding windows

Choice in favor sliding system done in case of limited internal space. The sliding design requires at least two doors. But their exact number will directly depend on the width of the opening.

Features of installing wooden windows with double-glazed windows on both sides, using compositions intended for glass care;

Wooden windows with double-glazed windows: photos of interesting designs

The design of window systems can vary significantly. We invite you to look at photos of interesting solutions that deserve your attention.

There are two main types of wooden window designs: a split design, in which each glass is in a separate sash, and a double design, in which the frames are bolted together. You can also find windows that open and close without using hinges.

The most common type of windows is still the traditional split design of the “Russian window” or “joinery”. These types of windows are the most common in our country. In the production of this type of windows, solid wood and sheet glass are used, which can be replaced with double-glazed windows, which are ordered in advance. Joinery does not guarantee complete tightness, however, when installing a double-glazed window, these characteristics improve somewhat. For insulation, a sealed material (rubber, rubber-plastic, silicone) is used, which is laid along the contours of the sashes. The wood used in the manufacture of joinery must be perfectly dried and specially treated in order to avoid deformation of the window frame and sashes during operation.

IN Lately The installation of wooden Euro-windows is carried out, the manufacturing technology of which was invented in Germany. This type of window is characterized by the absence of vents and the installation of double-glazed windows instead of single sheet glass. Ventilation of this type of window is carried out by opening the window sash ajar to the required amount in a vertical or horizontal plane. Euro windows are made from laminated veneer lumber. The trees that are used to make Euro-windows grow in special forest plantations. The use of laminated veneer lumber is due to the fact that the technology of its production (three layers of wood are arranged so that the direction of the fibers is opposite) allows the window structure to be durable and not subject to deformation. Depending on the client's wishes, it is possible to produce frames of various thicknesses. Double-glazed windows with two or three chambers are inserted into Euro windows; several layers of sealing are laid along the contour of the sashes, which provides sound and heat insulation.

Finnish windows are a structure consisting of a double set of sashes, into one of which a double-glazed window is inserted, into the other - sheet glass (as in a Russian window). The two types of sashes are connected using original fittings. The classic version of Finnish windows is a design reminiscent of a standard Russian window - the sashes open in a horizontal plane and have a window for ventilation. Some companies manufacture Finnish windows similar to Euro-windows. Finnish windows are usually made from natural wood or double laminated timber.

Norwegian windows have the features of Russian windows and Euro-windows: they are made from selected wood (larch, pine), impregnated with a special composition that prevents destruction. However, instead of sheet glass, double-glazed windows are installed in them. Unlike German Euro-windows, Norwegian windows are installed on a rubber gasket, and not on a sealant. The double-glazed window is attached to the frame using self-tapping screws and construction beads, making it extremely easy to replace double-glazed windows in Norwegian windows. However, there is a significant drawback to this type of fastening - after all, not only specialists can remove the double-glazed window. To prevent the formation of condensation on the glass, molecular sieves are installed in Norwegian windows, which absorb excess moisture. Norwegian windows can be opened in two planes. The standard thickness of a Norwegian window frame is 98 mm, the sash thickness is 68 mm.

There are also windows whose design does not include hinged sashes that are familiar to our eyes. Such windows are traditional windows of old England, which are quite narrow and tall, with frames made of small squares. A window in this type of construction is opened by raising the frame in a vertical plane, which is fixed in this position. An English window provides one row of glazing; double glass is installed only in the most rare cases. The advantage of an English window is that when open, the window does not take up space inside the room. However, there is also a significant drawback in the very principle of the window’s operation - a breakdown of the mechanism that holds the window in the open position can cause serious injuries.

A French window is essentially a panoramic window through which you can access a terrace, balcony or garden. The design of these windows involves the installation of a double-glazed window, which is divided into large square sections. French windows are made, usually from laminated timber. Portals also have a similar design - a special type of sliding partitions leading to an adjacent room, to a terrace or balcony. Portals have various designs: with a parallel-sliding opening system, with a lifting system, accordion folding systems, etc. The advantage of this type of window is the significant amount of light that penetrates the room, as well as the creation of a deep perspective and visual expansion of the space of the room.

The most original design of any type of window design is stained glass (Latin vitrum - “glass”). Modern technologies The manufacture of stained glass windows allows them to be installed in any type of window. Stained glass windows can be placed inside a double-glazed window and give the room a completely unusual look. However, only very wealthy people can afford stained glass windows.

To ensure the penetration of light into residential attics, skylights are installed, the peculiarity of which lies in the way they open. The sash of the attic window can be fixed in two versions: upside down - for cleaning the window, slightly open - for ventilating the room. Dormer windows are equipped with a special ventilation valve to ensure the penetration of fresh air even when the sash is closed. Dormer windows are made of laminated veneer lumber and have double-glazed windows installed.

Wooden windows are the most harmonious, according to many experts, for human housing. Modern technologies for manufacturing wooden windows make them no less durable than plastic or aluminum ones. Wooden windows are aesthetically pleasing and beautiful, have excellent characteristics and are available in a wide range, so everyone can choose best option for your home.

Architects V. Polkovnikova, I. Kulikovskaya
Photo by K. Manko "Windows of GROWTH"
To “adapt” wooden windows to modern thermal insulation requirements, they were equipped with double-glazed windows. In addition, other changes were made to the design
YUKKO
Wooden structures:
a - window made of brushed oak;
b - balcony door made of tinted larch "Windows of GROWTH"
The bottom beam of the box is made with a sample for low tide and window sill
Polonia
The production of arched and round window blocks is very labor-intensive and is associated with a significant increase in the amount of waste, so such windows are 30-50% more expensive than conventional rectangular ones Photo by K. Manko
Wooden windows are in particular demand among those who build Vacation home from timber or logs. This is influenced by both the strength of tradition and the desire to do without artificial materials. "EuroTiivi"
With a separate design, the blind box can be strengthened on the outer leaf. It will cost much less than blinds built into a double-glazed window
"EuroTiivi"
Photo by D. Minkin
Window units with double glazing and glass:
a - with paired doors (Swedish type);
b - with connected separate doors (Finnish type)
Architect A. Deeva
Photo by G. Shablovsky
A window block is not only a functional part of the fence, designed to fill the room with light, but also an interior item that should be combined with furniture, floor covering etc. Often a window can not only fit organically into the decor, but also suggest the optimal planning solution Polonia
Pressure fittings and two or three sealing contours provide low air permeability -
window capacity
Roto Frank
For the parts of the locking mechanism (a) and hinge groups (b), grooves are milled in the wood, which guarantees high strength fastening accessories
Architect-designer Z. Gundare
Photo by K. Manko
Triangular and diamond-shaped square window blocks can enliven the pediment part of the facade and at the same time are an alternative to expensive skylights. Typically, triangular windows can be either pivoting or tilting
"Warm windows"
Improvement
The triple straight tenon corner joint has increased strength and eliminates the possibility of blowing through the joint Swig connection diagram:
1 - flat dowel that protects the joint from blowing;
2 - polyamide key
R dupis YUKKO
Beam-splitting slabs are a traditional decoration for wooden windows. WoodWork SWIG
Combination options
bathroom profile:
a - with two slats made of pine and one made of mahogany;
b - with thermal insert made of purenite
"Academy of Interior"
Today there is a trend towards maximizing the translucent part of the window. And yet windows made of high wooden profiles have a special charm YUKKO YUKKO
WoodWork
The aluminum cover can be in the form of a cast (a) or completely cover the box profile (b)
"EuroTiivi"
Most companies offer painting of window blocks made from non-valuable coniferous species wood with weather-resistant enamel in any color of the RAL palette Architect I. Firsov
Photo by K. Manko
Wooden windows perfectly match the country style Winfin
Plastic overlays around the perimeter of the frame and sash allow you to install a wooden varnished window in a standard house without disturbing the unity of its architectural appearance. At the same time, they will not cost much more than painting the window blocks on both sides in different colors

Like in the legend

YUKKO YUKKO During restoration and new construction, only wood gives architects the opportunity to follow styles such as Gothic. This is where precious tropical woods come into play, as well as ash and walnut; however, more often the bindings are made from oak - stained or artificially aged (brushed). Stained glass looks especially impressive in heavy wooden frames. And although the listed materials are very expensive, and the production of such windows is very labor-intensive, they are sometimes ordered by owners of country houses, and not only elite ones. One or two similar windows in an architecturally isolated part of the building (for example, in a bay window) become the very highlight that makes the appearance of the house unique.

Characteristics of wooden windows*

Approximate prices for wooden windows

The editors thank the companies YUKKO, Honka, Polonia, Ru-dupis, Winfin, WoodWork, Academy of Interior, EuroTiivi, Okna ROSTA, Okna Hobbit, Warm Windows for their assistance in preparing the material.

Today in construction, the functionality of the product and the rationality of this or that engineering solution are at the forefront, so there is no need to talk about the strength of tradition. And yet, when it is possible to follow age-old canons without compromising practicality, many of us are ready to put up with even increased financial costs.

According to manufacturing companies, currently wooden windows account for only 15-20% of the market. main reason The reason that wooden windows are inferior to products made from PVC profiles is their relatively high price, which is explained by both the high cost of raw materials and the greater complexity of manufacturing. In addition, in some respects, plastic windows are actually superior to wooden ones: they have slightly better thermal insulation properties and do not require maintenance of the paintwork. And yet, companies producing wooden windows do not lack customers. After all, wood is the material with which you can fall in love for life. And then he, as they say, will not be nice, but nice. Wood provides manufacturers with more opportunities for creativity than plastic or aluminum: the height (apparent width) of profiles varies widely, with the help of shaped cutters you can decorate profiles and binding slabs with molded edges (shaped edges), and there are also restrictions when creating non-standard designs Hardly ever. It is not without reason that tenders for the restoration of architectural monuments are usually won by manufacturers of wooden windows, and many individual developers turn to them.

About the diversity of species

Windows are made from different types of wood - both coniferous (pine, spruce, fir, cedar, larch) and hardwood (oak, ash, various types of mahogany). At the same time, products made from inexpensive coniferous wood are in greatest demand. When describing the designs of modern wooden windows, some sellers use terms such as European, Swedish or Finnish type. Others, following GOST 23166-99 "Window blocks", distinguish between windows with single, paired and separate sashes. It is easy to get confused in the classification according to “national” criteria, since it is not always clear what the seller means by this or that term - country of manufacture or design type. Therefore, we advise buyers in conversations with company representatives to use GOST definitions, which we will now explain.

Nationality

HonkaSome window designs are historically associated with a particular country. We will try to explain the most frequently used definitions, but we will immediately warn that the meaning put into them by the seller may be different.
English type- a window that opens by sliding the panel (frame with glass) vertically upward along the frame guides.
German type- what we are used to calling a “Euro-window” (single sashes, two or three contours of seals, double-glazed windows), but sometimes this term refers to a window protected from the outside with aluminum linings.
Norwegian type- a window with single sashes and double-glazed windows inserted not from the inside, but from the street side (design with external glazing beads).
Finnish type- a window with separate sashes, usually connected to each other by sliding connectors.
French type- a window starting from the floor and combined with a fully glazed door.
Swedish type- a window with paired sashes: a double-glazed window is inserted into the inner one, and glass into the outer one.

Window blocks with single sashes (analogous to PVC windows) are most widely used these days. The doors are made from profiles whose width (the largest cross-sectional dimension between the front surfaces) is 68 or 78 mm (and sometimes 88 mm or more). In the first case, you can install a double-glazed window with a thickness of up to 36 mm, in the second - up to 44 mm. The design of the vestibule usually provides for two sealing circuits, but sometimes a third, middle circuit is also made. The paired design is also well known to everyone: these are the windows that were installed in mass-produced houses until the end of the 90s. XX century But their modern version has several differences: firstly, the vestibule has at least two sealing contours; secondly, the sashes are fastened not with screws, but with latches; thirdly, it is not sheet glass that is inserted into the inner sash, but a double-glazed window (most often single-chamber). With a separate design, both doors are independently suspended on hinges from the frame (the glazing principle is the same: the inner door is a double-glazed window, the outer door is single glass). The sashes can be connected to each other using sliding connectors - in this case, as with a paired design, only the inner sashes are equipped with locking fittings.

Which is better - single, separate or paired sashes? No specialist will give a definite answer to this question. Even ardent supporters of one or another scheme admit that the thermal insulation properties of windows with both separate and paired sashes (single-chamber double-glazed windows and glass), and with single sashes into which double-glazed windows are inserted, are approximately equal. The advantage of windows with double-glazed windows and glass is a wide (up to 175 mm) frame, which ensures high strength of the installation seam and protection against freezing of slopes. Such windows have increased sound insulation properties: different distances between the panes significantly reduce the resonance effect. In addition, blinds can be installed in the space between the doors, and even removable protective grilles with a separate design. However, keep in mind that at least 2 times a year you will have to wash not two, but four surfaces. If there is a significant difference in the temperatures of the external and internal air, fogging of the glass installed in the external sash is possible. And finally, windows of a separate design can only be equipped with rotary fittings.

Windows for a summer residence

"ABS-Stroy" Windows of the old design, designed for the use of sheet glass (to distinguish them from new windows, manufacturers began to call the first joinery), are still in demand - mainly among those who build "budget" country house. Such windows are produced by some old woodworking factories, and also by small workshops that do not have modern equipment. As a rule, windows are made from solid coniferous trees and equipped with the simplest fittings, and they are usually painted and glassed by the developer himself. Prices for such window units range from 1000-1500 rubles. for 1 m 2. When choosing windows in a store, make sure that the wood has a radial cut (the grain pattern is not clearly expressed, and their direction is strictly longitudinal), is well dried and free of serious defects: large knots, cracks, fungal damage, as well as areas with a loose core.

Secrets coated with varnish

As soon as Russian market The first samples of wooden “Euro-windows” appeared, the owners of small carpentry shops decided to start producing similar products. The implementation of this project promised considerable profits, since demand was many times greater than supply and prices for imported wooden windows were simply astronomical. Alas, without modern equipment and with insufficient qualifications of the craftsmen, attempts to make wooden “Euro-windows” ended in failure.

Modern wooden window - technologically complex product. Its production cycle includes drying lumber in drying chamber(the moisture content of the wood should be within 10-14%), removing defects, gluing the timber - splicing the lamellas onto a micro-tenon along the length and setting them onto a smooth fugue in thickness (the length of the slats depends on the type of wood and ranges in a wide range of 40-1500 mm, and thickness is usually 22-30 mm), its calibration and profiling, assembly of frames and sashes, their puttying and sanding, painting and, finally, installation of fittings and double-glazed windows. Currently, the Russian market offers products from the companies "Bavarian Windows", "Baltic Trust", "European Windows", "Windows ROST", "Windows Hobbit", "Northern Windows", YuKKO (all - Russia), "EuroTiivi", "Petro" -Domus" (both Russia - Finland), Alavus, Domus, Lammin Ikkuna, Profin, Tiivi (all Finland), Fenestra (Finland - Estonia), SPF nster, Joinex (both Sweden), Lapeyre (France), Capoferri , Finestre (both Italy), Urzedowski (Poland), R dupis (Lithuania), Strobel (Germany), Gaulhofer (Germany - Austria), etc. At the same time, products from domestic manufacturers clearly predominate. Western companies own large factories and carry out a full production cycle, some from timber harvesting to the production of double-glazed windows. Among Russian enterprises, some glue and profile timber themselves (Bavarian House, Okna Master, YuKKO, etc.), but there are also those who work with ready-made profiles, mostly domestically produced. Double-glazed windows, as a rule, are ordered from specialized factories (with the exception of the companies "Northern Windows", YuKKO and some others, which have their own lines for the production of double-glazed windows).

Air!

All types of modern windows provide a very high degree of room tightness. With slot ventilation (tilting the sash or opening it slightly with a limiter in place), the flow of cold air in winter is still too intense. Built-in ones have proven themselves well ventilation valves, guaranteeing a strictly dosed supply (the system is automatically regulated) of street air. Although ventilation valves were originally developed for plastic windows, today they are increasingly being equipped with wooden windows. As for split-structure windows, Tiivi engineers have created a slightly different system for them, which can only be equipped with a window at the factory. The principle of its operation is as follows: street air enters through air intake holes, milled in the side bars of the window frame, into the space between the glass and the double-glazed window, where it heats up slightly. Then, through a valve built into the top beam of the box and equipped with a mesh filter, the air passes into the room.

Most manufacturers of single-frame windows use profiles made of three-layer laminated veneer lumber for frames and sashes. This gluing method allows you to achieve stability of the geometry of the parts. The Alavus, Domus and SPF.о.nster factories work with carefully dried and selected solid wood (mainly northern pine), removing defects and splicing the bars along their length.

Unfortunately, we have to admit that innovations in the production of wooden windows, which make it possible to improve the quality of finished products or reduce their cost, belong to foreign companies. Much of this new development concerns window profile design. In particular, Profin was the first to create wooden profile system for windows opening outwards. The Urzedowski plant has patented the production of five- and six-layer timber, two lamellas of which are glued to the side ends of the “pie” - this scheme significantly increases the ability of the profiles to withstand bending loads. A combined four-layer laminated veneer lumber with two internal spruce lamellas and two external (5-15 mm thick) oak lamellas or three spruce lamellas and an oak lamella on the room side, first used by Joinex, can significantly reduce the cost of windows, while increasing their thermal insulation properties.

Legitimate question

Many potential buyers are concerned about the question: is it possible to replace a double-glazed window in a wooden window if it accidentally breaks or other troubles occur to it - for example, depressurization? (This is quite rare, but it still happens - alas, a certain percentage of defective products undergo even the most stringent control at large enterprises.) Well, this concern is completely justified. It is much more difficult to replace a double-glazed window in a wooden window than in a plastic one, since it is usually glued into the sash silicone sealant, the bead is firmly attached to the sash with pins, and often also glued. As a rule, it is not possible to remove a double-glazed window without damaging the bead. If the window is domestic, then by contacting the company that sold you the windows, you can solve the problem in 1-2 weeks: double-glazed window the right size and glazing beads of the corresponding color will be made based on technical documentation. If the window is imported, of course, the supplier company will not refuse to help you. But, since all components are delivered from the manufacturer, you will have to wait at least 2 months. Such a long wait usually does not suit clients, and they have to contact a Russian company, which will deliver and install a new double-glazed window, trying to match the glazing beads by color.

Among the Russian know-how one can name profiles made of heat-treated wood, practically not subject to rotting and warping (YUKKO), as well as a three-lamella profile patented by the SVIG Corporation with inner layer made of solid polyurethane foam. The same company was one of the first to propose veneering a pine profile with valuable wood veneer. And finally, she owns a patent for an original corner connection with cutting profiles at an angle of 45 and fastening them with a polyamide key in the form of a double swallowtail. According to some experts, the design with corner connection"on the nose" has the best consumer qualities, since the ends of the profiles are reliably protected from moisture. Note, however, that wetting the ends of the frame profiles with a tenon connection is possible only when the window installation was carried out in violation of the technology (the installation seam was not made correctly).

Tree Defenders

The durability of wooden windows largely depends on the quality of the finish, and their relatively high price is not least associated with the large investment of time and manual labor for this operation. Leading manufacturing companies use paint and varnish products such worldwide famous companies, like Akzo Nobel (Netherlands), Teknos, Tikkurila (both Finland), Rhenocoll Werk, Zobel Chemic (both Germany), and coat their products with compositions that are consistently different in properties: filler, primer and finishing varnishes (tinted or colorless) or enamels. As a rule, window manufacturers use a system of putties, protective and protective-decorative compounds produced under one brand; of these, the most popular in Russia are Zowosan (Zobel Chemic), Rhenocoll (Rhenocoll Werk). Finnish companies impregnate window profiles with an antiseptic under vacuum conditions - in this case, the protective composition penetrates deeply (1.5-2 mm) into the pores of the wood and protects it from fungal attack even if the coating is damaged. Unfortunately, Russian manufacturers do not yet have such equipment.

Even modern varnishes and paints are able to protect wood products from atmospheric influences only for a relatively short time (3-7 years). Windows facing south, as well as those facing major highways, are especially affected (interaction with carbon monoxide - CO - leads to oxidative destruction of polymers, which are the basis of most modern varnishes and paints). Therefore, manufacturers recommend applying a layer of polish to the paint once every 2 years in the city, and once every 3-4 years outside the city, and then the service life of the coating will increase to 20-25 years. Such polishes are included in painting systems and are always available from manufacturers of wooden windows.

IN last years To protect wooden frames and sashes from atmospheric influences, they are trying to use polymer laminating films. Perhaps this technology will make life much easier for window owners, but it’s worth waiting until it passes the test of time.

The best way to protect surfaces facing the street is decorative profiles made of aluminum alloys or plastic. Most often, the lower profile of the window frame is covered with an overlay. In more expensive models, the frame and sash are completely finished with similar profiles around the perimeter (for some Finnish windows, the outer sash is made entirely of aluminum, but such a window is already a combined type). As a rule, the linings are attached to the wood using holders made of polyamide or hard PVC, or they are inserted into the groove of the sash profile. In the first case, between the pads and wooden surface there is a small gap (10-15 mm) that allows the excess moisture accumulated in the window profiles to be released to the atmospheric air; in the second, they are adjacent to each other. Since plastic has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than wood, when used, the design of the holders allows for free movement of the protective and decorative profile. Almost all of them equip their products with protective and decorative profiles. large manufacturers. Solid aluminum cladding increases the cost of a window by 40-60%, and plastic cladding - by 20-30%.

YUKKO Hinges (a, d) are made of corrosion-resistant alloys, and their axes are made of composites that have a minimum coefficient of friction with the metal; window handles and balcony doors(b, c) made of stainless steel, brass, anodized aluminum

Prices, terms, guarantees

The price of a window is influenced by many factors. Let's try to list the most important of them:
country of origin (imported windows cost 1.5-2 times more than domestic ones);
type of wood (pine windows are 1.8-2.4 times cheaper than oak windows and 1.3-1.5 times cheaper than larch windows);
method of gluing lamellas (with external lamellas spliced ​​along the length, the window will be 15-20% cheaper);
design (windows with separate and paired sashes are 10-25% more expensive than with single sashes);
type of fittings and glass;
window size (usually 1 m 2 windows standard sizes- for example 1460 1170, 1470 1460, 2070 1460 mm - costs 20-40% less than windows made to customer sizes; this also applies to the products of foreign enterprises, but they have different standards, and the dimensions of the windows do not correspond to the dimensions of the openings in our standard houses; for a window with an area of ​​less than 1 m2 you will almost always have to pay the full cost of 1 m2);
order volume and production time (for a large order you can get a discount of up to 15%, for an urgent order you will pay an additional 20%, and if you agree to wait, you can save).

If you have chosen a company that supplies imported windows, from the surveyor’s visit to delivery ready-made kit It will take about 3 months. Domestic companies will fulfill orders faster - in 3-8 weeks.

Most companies provide a comprehensive guarantee: on the design of the product, fittings, paintwork, installation, possible damage to the glass unit due to the fault of the company (crack “ray” from under the bead). The warranty period for domestically produced windows is usually 3 years. Representatives of foreign manufacturers give a 5-year guarantee, but only on the condition that the windows were installed by their craftsmen.

To summarize, we note that, according to experts, the share of wooden windows in our market will gradually increase. And this is quite understandable: we do not yet experience a shortage of material, and the array has always had enough loyal supporters. So let’s say out loud: “Not today or tomorrow, modern wooden windows will be available to everyone,” and let’s knock on wood.